This study mainly deals with the various aspects of modeling the learning processes within the brain limbic system and studying the various aspects of using it for different applications in control engineering. The current study is a multi-aspect research effort which not only requires a background of control engineering, but also a basic knowledge of some biomorphic systems. The main focus of this study is on biological systems which are involved in emotional processes. In mammalians, a part of the brain called the limbic system is mainly responsible for emotional processes. Therefore, general brain emotional processes and specific aspects of the limbic system are reviewed in the early parts of this study. Next, we describe developing a computational model of the limbic system based on these concepts. Since the focus of this study is on the application of the model in engineering systems and not on the biological concepts, the model established is not a very complicated model and does not include all the components of the limbic system. In fact, we are trying to develop a model which captures the minimal and basic properties of the limbic system which are mainly known as the Amygdala-Orbitofrontal Cortex system. The main chapter of this thesis, Chapter IV, shows the utilization of the Brain Emotional Learning (BEL) model in different applications of control and signal fusion systems. The main effort is focused on applying the model to control systems where the model acts as the controller block. Furthermore, the application of the model in signal fusion is also considered where simulation results support the applicability of the model. Finally, we studied different analytical aspects of the model including the behavior of the system during the adaptation phase and the stability of the system. For the first issue, we simplify the model, e.g. remove the nonlinearities, to develop mathematical formulations for behavior of the system. To study the stability of the system, we use the cell-to-cell mapping algorithm which reveals the stability conditions of the system in different representations. This thesis finishes with some concluding remarks and some topics for future research on this field.

This study mainly deals with the various aspects of modeling the learning processes within the brain limbic system and studying the various aspects of using it for different applications in control engineering. The current study is a multi-aspect research effort which not only requires a background of control engineering, but also a basic knowledge of some biomorphic systems. The main focus of this study is on biological systems which are involved in emotional processes. In mammalians, a part of the brain called the limbic system is mainly responsible for emotional processes. Therefore, general brain emotional processes and specific aspects of the limbic system are reviewed in the early parts of this study. Next, we describe developing a computational model of the limbic system based on these concepts. Since the focus of this study is on the application of the model in engineering systems and not on the biological concepts, the model established is not a very complicated model and does not include all the components of the limbic system. In fact, we are trying to develop a model which captures the minimal and basic properties of the limbic system which are mainly known as the Amygdala-Orbitofrontal Cortex system. The main chapter of this thesis, Chapter IV, shows the utilization of the Brain Emotional Learning (BEL) model in different applications of control and signal fusion systems. The main effort is focused on applying the model to control systems where the model acts as the controller block. Furthermore, the application of the model in signal fusion is also considered where simulation results support the applicability of the model. Finally, we studied different analytical aspects of the model including the behavior of the system during the adaptation phase and the stability of the system. For the first issue, we simplify the model, e.g. remove the nonlinearities, to develop mathematical formulations for behavior of the system. To study the stability of the system, we use the cell-to-cell mapping algorithm which reveals the stability conditions of the system in different representations. This thesis finishes with some concluding remarks and some topics for future research on this field.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to global mortality and disability more than any other traumatic injury. Individuals who sustained a TBI undergo profound changes in their cognitive, physical, and emotional functions. Noticeable behavioral changes include irritability, aggression, low self-awareness, impulsivity, rumination, and more. These contribute to the individual's inability to control emotions and thus participate in interactions and activities, naturally influencing the person, their environment, and the community. While traditional therapy approaches are beneficial for some of the mentioned challenges, extensive evidence shows that emotional regulation is not effectively addressed, often resulting in behavioral outcomes in the therapeutic environment alone. Mindfulness interventions focus on the present moment's thoughts, sensations, and surroundings with an open and curious mindset, helping participants cope with stressors that often lead to anxiety and problematic behavioral patterns. Nevertheless, the standard Mindfulness does not accommodate the TBI-related challenges. Cultivating Awareness by Living Mindfully (CALM), is a Mindfulness-based group intervention for adults who sustained a TBI. It aims to increase self-awareness and improve emotional regulation by practicing mindfulness techniques and implementing them in everyday activities and interactions. This 12-week program is low-cost and easily applicable to a variety of practice and community settings. The program incorporates principles from the latest evidence-based therapy approaches and is designed specifically to accommodate TBI-related challenges. The theoretical foundations consist of complementing knowledge bases including Mindfulness, the occupational therapy framework - the multi-context approach, and brain-based learning, which are principles from the latest research on optimizing learning for this population. This combination of frameworks aims to makes Mindfulness and its many associated health benefits accessible for individuals post-TBI. This doctoral paper includes a plan for program evaluation, funding, and dissemination

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Optimal performance requires a relaxed concentration which is incompatible with experiencing certain emotions (Juslin, 2009). This research aimed to explore the extent to which performers emotionally engage with music during a solo recital, from the performer’s perspective. The research project was a qualitative study, using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The research participants consisted of eight concert pianists (four students and four professionals), each of whom performed solo recitals lasting 60 -70 minutes. The pianists were interviewed by means of semi-structured, in-depth interviews immediately after their performances. The interview data was collated from the semi-final round of the 2011 National University of South Africa (UNISA) piano competition (student pianists), and professional performances in South African concert halls in 2011/2012 (professional pianists). The results suggested that the performers experienced two categories of emotions during performance: musical emotions which relate to the emotional content of the music, and performance-related emotions which relate to the performance circumstances. Musical emotions appeared significantly more complex and nuanced than emotions experienced in an everyday context. Performers preferred to represent musical emotions perceived to be in the score rather than experience them directly (induced) during performance. The performers maintained strict emotional control during performance, as excessive musical and performance-related emotions impacted negatively on a performance. An intense dialogue evolved between performer and composer when preparing for a performance. This manifested in performance as a stage persona, and was experienced by performers as a cognitive-emotive duality. During optimal performance, the performers appeared to transcend reality and enter a “zone”, or state of altered consciousness. The heightened elation experienced by the performers when in the zone was synonymous with a state of Flow (Csíkszentmihályi, 1990). Several factors facilitated or inhibited musical Flow, but did not guarantee its occurrence. In conclusion, the research suggests that the performers’ engagement with musical emotions (perceived and induced) during performance is incidental and does not play a significant role either in the successful representation of musical emotions, or the performer’s experience during performance. The euphoric “high” which performers experience during optimal performance does not relate to musical emotions, but reflects rather the altered state of consciousness experienced during Flow. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Music / DMus / Unrestricted

La capacité de ressentir et de réguler les émotions permettant de fournir un comportement émotionnel adapté implique l'intervention et l'interaction du système nerveux central (SNC) (dont amygdale, cortex préfrontal (CPF)) et du système nerveux autonome (SNA). Cependant, les réponses émotionnelles peuvent être influencées par différents facteurs puisque la réponse émotionnelle va dépendre de l'état du sujet, mais également de l'action du sujet, c'est-à-dire de l'intention consciente et volontaire de réguler ses émotions. Cette thèse a donc pour objectif d'étudier les mécanismes physiologiques et cérébraux impliqués dans la variabilité de la réponse émotionnelle en utilisant cinq modèles susceptibles d'influencer la réponse émotionnelle : une tâche de contrôle émotionnel, l'état de stress post traumatique (ESPT), le neuroticisme, la résilience, et l'état de stress aigu. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons sélectionné trois populations de sujets, une population de sujets témoins, une population de patients atteints d'ESPT, et une population de Marins-Pompiers. Nous avons étudié les réponses du SNA et du SNC en IRMf, en se focalisant sur l'activité de l'amygdale et du CPF dans des tâches nature émotionnelle. Nos résultats indiquent que la régulation émotionnelle volontaire a des effets spécifiques sur les paramètres psychophysiologiques, qui diffèrent selon l'émotion présentée. On observe plus précisément une augmentation de l'activité du système nerveux sympathique uniquement lorsque l'émotion de peur est induite. / The ability to sense and regulate emotions allows us to have an adapted emotional behavior towards our environment. It is regulated by an interaction of the central nervous system (CNS), including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Yet, our emotional responses can be influenced by a myriad of other factors. They depend for instance on ones' subjective state, and also voluntary conscious intention to control one's emotions. The aim of this thesis is thus to study peripheral and cerebral mechanisms involved in the variability of the emotional response. To do so, we have used five different models susceptibly influencing emotional response: a first model assaying healthy controls in an emotional control task, a second one accounting for their resilience capacity, a third one focused on the impact of neuroticism, a fourth one with acutely stress participants and a last one with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. To better address our objective, we have selected three groups of participants: healthy controls, PTSD patients and fire fighters. We explored responses of the the ANS and the CNS activities using fMRI-based paradigms, specifically tackling the activation of the amygdala and PFC; using an emotional tasks. As hypothesized, our results have shown that voluntary emotional regulation in healthy controls modulates physiological parameters in an emotion-specific manner. For instance the sympathetic system is only activated under those circumstance when processing fearful clips.

Introduction : Les premiers mois qui suivent un diagnostic de cancer du sein représentent un temps critique pour les patientes et leur partenaire. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de décrire l’évolution de variables psychosociales et d’examiner les effets individuels et dyadiques de ces variables sur l’ajustement des couples. Méthode : 83 patientes atteintes d’un cancer et 76 couples touchés par cette maladie ont été rencontrés au début, au milieu et à la fin du traitement, puis 1, 3 et 6 mois après la fin du traitement. Ils ont complété des mesures de contrôle émotionnel, de détresse psychologique, de qualité de vie, d’ajustement dyadique, de soutien social et de coping face à la maladie. Résultats: Les résultats montrent que les sujets rapportent des niveaux élevés d’anxiété, avec un court déclin pour les patientes durant le traitement. Le soutien social, l’esprit combatif et les préoccupations diminuent avec le temps.En utilisant l’Actor and Partner Interdependence Model, nos résultats révèlent que la détresse psychologique, le contrôle émotionnel, le soutien social négatif et les stratégies de coping émotionnelles ont des effets acteurs et partenaires négatifs sur l’ajustement des patientes et des conjoints, et que l’ajustement dyadique et le soutien social ont des effets acteurs et partenaires positifs sur ce même ajustement. De plus, la détresse psychologique des patientes, le soutien social négatif et les stratégies de coping émotionnelles jouent un rôle positif et significatif sur l’ajustement des partenaires. Le soutien social a des effets acteurs et partenaires sur le choix des stratégies de coping. Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent l’importance de combiner les approches transactionnelle individuelle et systémique. Les résultats suggèrent également que les couples pourraient bénéficier d’interventions qui augmentent le soutien social et les compétences de communication et qui aident à gérer la détresse psychologique. / Introduction: The first months following breast cancer diagnosis is a critical period for patients and their partners. The objectives of the study were to describe the course of psychosocial variables and to examine the individual and dyadic effects of these variables on the adjustment of couples.Method: 83 breast cancer patients and 76 couples dealing with breast cancer were interviewed at the biginning, half way through, at the end of the treatment, and 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment completion. They completed measures of emotional control, psychological distress, quality of life, dyadic adjustment, social support and coping.Results: Results showed that subjects endured high levels of anxiety, with a short decline for women during treatment. Social support, fighting spirit and anxious preoccupations decreased over time.Using the Actor and Partner Interdependence Model, results revealed that psychological distress, emotional control, negative social support and emotional coping strategies had similar negative actor and partner effects on respective adjustment, and that dyadic adjustment and social support had similar positive actor and partner effects on patients’ and partners’ adjustment. Patient’s psychological distress, negative social support and emotional coping strategies play significant and positive roles in partner’s adjustment. Social support had actor and partner effects on choices of coping strategies.Conclusion: These findings show the importance of combining individual transactional and systemic approaches. Results also suggest that couples may benefit from interventions that enhance social support and communications skills and manage psychological distress.