Le jeu vidéo est une activité de loisir particulièrement répandue auprès des adolescents. Néanmoins, pour certains, une conduite addictive peut se mettre en place, remplissant une fonction précise et nécessaire à l'équilibre du sujet. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'amorcer la construction d'un modèle explicatif de ce processus addictif. L'opérationnalisation de cette recherche repose sur une méthodologie quantitative permettant de mesurer le poids et l'implication de variables psychopathologiques, cognitivo-émotionnelles et de personnalité dans la mise en place de cette conduite addictive. Le monde virtuel et l'avatar sont les deux constituants majeurs de tout jeu vidéo. Ils permettent au sujet de mettre en scène et médiatiser son Soi Emotionnel. Le processus addictif résulte d'une cristallisation de cette dynamique, ne permettant pas au sujet de se réapproprier son expérience émotionnelle. Par ailleurs, ce travail a permis de mettre en avant l'existence d'une utilisation addictive des jeux vidéo en ligne et hors ligne. Ces deux formats se différencient dans la mise en scène d'aspects du Soi Identitaire qu'ils impliquent. Pour finir, ce travail nous amène à questionner la frontière entre une utilisation régulière et addictive/pathogène des jeux vidéo. / Video games cover preferential activity of adolescents. But for some, the practice becomes an addictive behavior, playing an important role in psychological functioning of adolescents. The global aim is to establish a comprehensive model of this addictive process. This research is based on a quantitative methodology in order to assess the weight and the involvement of psychopathological, emotional and personality variables in this addictive process. Avatar and virtual world are the two essential components of any video game. They allow subject to mediatize and enact his Emotional Self. The addiction process is the result of crystallization of this dynamic which does not allow the subject to reappropriate his emotional experience. Furthermore, the research puts the light on two different types of addictive processes with on line or outline video games. These two formats differ in the enacting of aspects of the Self Identity they imply. Finally, this work leads us to question the boundary between regular and addictive / pathogen use of video games.

Research has shown that self-efficacy is one of the most important personal resources in the work context. However, research on working life has mainly focused on a cognitive and task-oriented dimension of self-efficacy representing employees’ perceptions of their capacity to successfully complete work tasks. Thus, little is known about the influence that believing in one’s social and emotional competence could have. This thesis aims to expand previous theory regarding self-efficacy in the workplace by investigating social, emotional, and cognitive self-efficacy dimensions in relation to leadership, health, and well-being.   The thesis rests on four empirical studies, all related to health and well-being, and including at least one self-efficacy dimension. Study I employed questionnaire data from 169 Swedish high school students. The other three studies were based on questionnaire data obtained during a three-year international health-promoting leadership research project. These participants were employees and leaders from 229 different teams in 12 organizations in Sweden and Germany representing a wide range of occupations. Study I supported the idea that emotional self-efficacy is an important antecedent to prosocial behaviour and also highlighted the value of differentiating between different dimensions of self-efficacy. Study II validated the new work-related Occupational Social and Emotional Self-efficacy Scales; and indicated that these dimensions are positively related to well-being. However, Study III showed that emotional exhaustion in followers crossed over to leaders when the leaders’ emotional self-efficacy was high. Study IV revealed that transformational leadership and social self-efficacy can be positive for team climate. The main theoretical contribution of this thesis is to expand previous theory regarding self-efficacy in the workplace by incorporating social, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. The main practical implication is that the new Occupational Social and Emotional Self-efficacy Scales can be used to promote health and well-being in the workplace through activities such as recruitment, staff development, and team-building. This thesis suggests that (a) training managers to exert transformational leadership behaviours may simultaneously promote team climate, and this process may be mediated by social self-efficacy, (b) it may be counterproductive to enhance leaders’ emotional abilities in a team of exhausted followers, since the result can be an exhausted leader rather than an exhilarated team, (c) interventions aimed at improving health and well-being should be specific to each work setting, and (d) a more holistic approach where the mutual influence between leaders and followers is considered may be beneficial for healthier work environments.

Humans’ emotions have the ability to take over, which might end up with responses inappropriate to the situation. The solution to inappropriate responses is to have a better awareness. Great team-work, calm employees, and rational decision making are all qualities that derive benefit from emotional self-awareness. However, studies show that only 36 percent can identify their emotions as they happen. This paper takes on the opportunity to raise emotional self-awareness by designing a prototype that enables the users to reflect and anonymously share their emotion through an audience response system. Forty-eight participants, in various group sizes, did within-subjects tests. They started by writing down their answer to the question: How do you feel?. They later answered through the prototype. Whether or not the participants managed to be more specific through the prototype was measured, as well as their perceived anonymity. The results revealed that the prototype was useful in both helping the users to learn emotion definitions and further specify their emotion. In regards to the perceived anonymity, it showed that the design was favoring a larger group size around 20 participants.

The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the self-concept of student teachers and their interpersonal relationships. A literature survey focused on these two variables. This was followed by an empirical investigation involving 300 students. Findings include: A significant, positive correlation was found between selfconcept and interpersonal relationships for males and females and for all three year groups involved. Significant, positive correlations were also found between: cognitive self-concept and relationships with lecturers; self-concepts of male students and relationships with parents; self-concepts of female students and relationships with lecturers. For all three year groups the relationships with lecturers contributed most to their self-concepts. For males, the emotional self-concept; and for females, the cognitive self-concept contributed significantly towards their interpersonal relationships. For first and second-year students, the social self-concept contributed most towards their interpersonal relationships; while for third-year students, the cognitive self-concept contributed significantly towards interpersonal relationships. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Självmedkänsla och tilltron till de egna förmågorna har visat sig viktiga för välmående i arbetslivet samt för att minska utmattning. Fortfarande sjukskrivs dock många på grund av stress och emotionell utmattning samtidigt som studier kring självmedkänsla i relation till self-efficacy i emotionellt krävande arbeten är få. Denna studie undersökte självmedkänslans relation till emotionell self-efficacy i emotionellt krävande arbeten, samt hur den påverkade nivåerna av upplevd utmattning och välmående. Analyserna (Pearsons korrelation, tvåvägs ANOVA för oberoende mätningar och multipel hierarkisk linjär regressionsanalys) baserades på enkätdata från 154 deltagare, utifrån skalorna Self-compassion scale short form, Scale of Occupational Emotional Self-Efficacy, Emotional Exhaustion samt EPOCH-s välmåendeskala. Resultatet visade att för välmående spelade emotionell self-efficacy en något större roll än självmedkänsla, medan det för utmattning endast var självmedkänsla som kunde bidra med förklarad varians. Intressanta upptäckter gjordes gällande kön, vilket föreslås vidare forskning kring, då variabeln kön var alltför snedfördelad i denna studie.

Questa ricerca ha indagato la relazione tra i videogiochi (VG) e le competenze emotive. Il primo studio, una revisione sistematica della letteratura, ha illustrato lo stato dell’arte sulla ricerca relativa all’utilizzo dei VG per la regolazione emotiva: emerge che i VG, sia commerciali che serious games, influenzano positivamente le competenze emotive dei giocatori. Con il secondo studio si è indagata la relazione tra ore di gioco, autoefficacia emotiva, passione per i VG e benessere. I risultati confermano che videogiocare migliora il benessere dei giocatori, grazie alla maggiore autoefficacia emotiva, a condizione che l’attività di VG sia integrata armoniosamente tra le altre attività della vita. Infine, si è realizzato il progetto EmotivaMente, un percorso per la promozione dell’Intelligenza Emotiva, sviluppato per le scuole secondarie di secondo grado, basato sull’utilizzo dei VG come strumenti di lavoro. Gli studenti, grazie alle esperienze con i VG, hanno sviluppato maggiori capacità di riconoscere e gestire il proprio mondo emotivo e hanno aumentato il ricorso alla rivalutazione cognitiva. I dati, anche se preliminari, confermano che i VG, grazie alle loro caratteristiche di immersività, interattività, presenza e ricchezza narrativa, possiedono potenzialità per accrescere le competenze emotive e aumentare il benessere delle persone ancora inesplorate. / This thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between videogames (VG) and emotional skills. The first study, a systematic literature reviews, investigated the “state of the art” of the research regarding the use of VG for emotional regulation: data confirm that VGs, both commercial and serious games, positively influence the emotional skills of the players. The second study investigated the relationship between hours of play, emotional self-efficacy, passion for VG and well-being. The results confirm that videogaming improves player's well-being, thanks to the effect on the emotional self-efficacy, provided that the videogaming is integrated harmoniously among other life activities. Finally, EmotivaMente, a training aimed to promote of Emotional Intelligence, based on the use of VGs as work tools, was realized in two high schools. Thanks to EmotivaMente, students developed greater capacities to recognize and manage their emotional world and increased the use of cognitive re-evaluation as emotion regulation strategy. The findings, even if preliminary, confirm that the VGs, thanks to their immersivity, interactivity, presence and wealth of narrative, have a unexplored potential to promote emotional skills and increase the well-being of people.

Emotion influences our actions, and this means that emotion has subjective decision value. Emotions, properly interpreted and understood, of those affected by decisions provide feedback to actions and, as such, serve as a basis for decisions. Accordingly, "affective computing" represents a wide range of technological opportunities toward the implementation of emotions to improve human-computer interaction, which also includes insights across a range of contexts of computational sciences into how we can design computer systems to communicate and recognize the emotional states provided by humans. Today, emotional systems such as software-only agents and embodied robots seem to improve every day at managing large volumes of information, and they remain emotionally incapable to read our feelings and react according to them. From a computational viewpoint, technology has made significant steps in determining how an emotional behavior model could be built; such a model is intended to be used for the purpose of intelligent assistance and support to humans. Human emotions are engines that allow people to generate useful responses to the current situation, taking into account the emotional states of others. Recovering the emotional cues emanating from the natural behavior of humans such as facial expressions and bodily kinetics could help to develop systems that allow recognition, interpretation, processing, simulation, and basing decisions on human emotions. Currently, there is a need to create emotional systems able to develop an emotional bond with users, reacting emotionally to encountered situations with the ability to help, assisting users to make their daily life easier. Handling emotions and their influence on decisions can improve the human-machine communication with a wider vision. The present thesis strives to provide an emotional architecture applicable for an agent, based on a group of decision-making models influenced by external emotional information provided by humans, acquired through a group of classification techniques from machine learning algorithms. The system can form positive bonds with the people it encounters when proceeding according to their emotional behavior. The agent embodied in the emotional architecture will interact with a user, facilitating their adoption in application areas such as caregiving to provide emotional support to the elderly. The agent's architecture uses an adversarial structure based on an Adversarial Risk Analysis framework with a decision analytic flavor that includes models forecasting a human's behavior and their impact on the surrounding environment. The agent perceives its environment and the actions performed by an individual, which constitute the resources needed to execute the agent's decision during the interaction. The agent's decision that is carried out from the adversarial structure is also affected by the information of emotional states provided by a classifiers-ensemble system, giving rise to a "decision with emotional connotation" included in the group of affective decisions. The performance of different well-known classifiers was compared in order to select the best result and build the ensemble system, based on feature selection methods that were introduced to predict the emotion. These methods are based on facial expression, bodily gestures, and speech, with satisfactory accuracy long before the final system. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 8: Accepted.</p>

The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the self-concept of student teachers and their interpersonal relationships. A literature survey focused on these two variables. This was followed by an empirical investigation involving 300 students. Findings include: A significant, positive correlation was found between selfconcept and interpersonal relationships for males and females and for all three year groups involved. Significant, positive correlations were also found between: cognitive self-concept and relationships with lecturers; self-concepts of male students and relationships with parents; self-concepts of female students and relationships with lecturers. For all three year groups the relationships with lecturers contributed most to their self-concepts. For males, the emotional self-concept; and for females, the cognitive self-concept contributed significantly towards their interpersonal relationships. For first and second-year students, the social self-concept contributed most towards their interpersonal relationships; while for third-year students, the cognitive self-concept contributed significantly towards interpersonal relationships. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-27T14:10:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1366198 bytes, checksum: dd4d422b2c6b738b3bda3ba7f5b1974f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T14:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1366198 bytes, checksum: dd4d422b2c6b738b3bda3ba7f5b1974f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / This research analyzes self-management of negative emotions by teachers in context of interactive conflicts at classroom, with the epistemological basis on Wallon’s model, which considers the person as a social and organic being, composed by the affective, motor and cognitive functional fields. The sample consisted of 17 teachers (15 women and two men) belonging to two public elementary and secondary schools of João Pessoa-PB. Semistructured interviews were conducted within schools to collect data related to affective, cognitive and motor fields, inferred from how participants characterized the interactive conflict in their classrooms as well as the negative emotions arising from experience of these conflicts. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and identified themes from the categories created, based on the adopted theoretical model. These data were analyzed according Bardin’s perspective (2009) and in the light of the literature on indiscipline and violence in schools, on the Burnout and teachers’ malaise. Thus, the results were organized in four stages: identification of the concept of interactive conflict, the description of emotional experience and pedagogical interventions and self-assessment on the affection and actions taken in the context of the classroom. According to the results, violence and indiscipline in schools are perceived as interactive conflicts teachers have to face at classroom; the most frequently mentioned self-management of negative emotions (sadness, frustration, anger, anxiety, anger and fear, in descending order) were emotional restraint in the classroom and their expression outside that workplace (sometimes inappropriately, in context or form); beside these strategies, compensatory activities (leisure and self-care, especially) were referred. Self-management of negative emotions through these strategies, in the classroom, caused psychological distress to individuals: their symptoms were associated with the early stages of Burnout, such as physical pain, metabolic disorders, uncontrolled motor; and emotional stress (especially mood oscillations). In cognitive field it was observed that, despite these concerns, teachers considered that it was difficult to think about their negative emotions, as well as on their actions considering these emotions in this context. The analysis of interviews in regard to affective field identified, in speech, a significant amount of person’s and content’s disjunctions. However, in one case only, it also identified the integration of functional fields, by a teacher who referred to the use negative emotions as an element to motivate herself at work. As a result, in concluding remarks, it is affirmed to be necessary, in the context of interactive conflict, the intentional integration of functional fields to the teaching self-management of negative emotions, which should not be seen as obstacles to the educational intervention in interactions with pupils, but as a motivating factor to teaching, provided the appropriate self-governing, taken as a reference to emotional self-awareness and analysis of interactive processes. That implies developing skills to emotional self-awareness and to analyze interactions at classroom. Hence, it was emphasized that teachers’ training should include such conditions to benefit from negative emotions occurrence. / Objetivou-se analisar a autogestão de emoções negativas de docentes em situações de conflitos relacionais na sala de aula, com base no modelo walloniano, que considera a pessoa como ser orgânico e social, composto pelos campos afetivo, motor e cognitivo. Participaram desta investigação 17 docentes pertencentes a duas escolas públicas de João Pessoa, sendo 15 professoras e dois professores do Ensino Fundamental. Na coleta de dados, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas nas escolas, para coletar dados referentes aos campos funcionais afetivo, motor e cognitivo, a partir de como os participantes caracterizaram o conflito relacional em suas salas de aula, bem como as emoções negativas decorrentes da vivência desses conflitos. As entrevistas foram transcritas literalmente, derivando-se os eixos analíticos das categorias criadas, apoiados no modelo teórico adotado. Esses dados foram ainda submetidos à análise de conteúdo na perspectiva de Bardin (2009) e à literatura sobre indisciplina e violência na escola, de um lado, e, de outro, sobre a Síndrome de Burnout e o mal-estar docente A análise permitiu que os resultados fossem organizados em quatro momentos: a identificação do conceito de conflito relacional, a descrição da experiência emocional e das intervenções pedagógicas e a autoavaliação sobre a afetividade e ações adotadas no contexto de sala de aula. Os resultados mostraram serem a violência e a indisciplina na escola percebidas como os conflitos relacionais que enfrentavam nesse no ambiente; a autogestão das emoções negativas mais referidas (tristeza, frustração, raiva, angústia, revolta e medo, por ordem decrescente) implicava em contenção emocional em sala de aula e na sua expressão (por vezes em contexto ou forma inadequados) fora daquele ambiente de trabalho; ao lado dessas estratégias, atividades compensatórias (de lazer e cuidado de si, sobretudo). A autogestão de emoções negativas através dessas estratégias, em sala de aula, causava aos sujeitos sofrimento psicológico (cujos sintomas associam-se às primeiras fases da Síndrome de Burnout), físico (dores, alterações metabólicas, descontrole motor) e emocional (sobretudo oscilações de humor). No campo cognitivo observou-se que, mesmo diante desse quadro, as educadoras sentiram dificuldades em pensar sobre suas emoções negativas, bem como sobre suas ações considerando essas emoções nesse contexto. A análise das entrevistas no que se referiu a esse campo demonstrou uma quantidade significativa de disjunções de pessoa e de conteúdo. Contudo, identificou-se também, embora minoritariamente, a integração dos campos funcionais por uma docente, que se referiu à utilização de emoções negativas como elemento de automotivação para o trabalho. Consequentemente, nas considerações finais, afirma-se ser preciso, em contextos de conflitos relacionais, a integração intencional dos campos funcionais para a autogestão docente das emoções negativas, que devem ser consideradas não como obstáculos à intervenção pedagógica nas interações com o alunado, mas como elemento motivador para o trabalho docente, desde que adequadamente autogeridas, isto é, tomadas como referência para a autoconsciência emocional e a análise dos processos interativos que se passam na sala de aula. Logo, enfatizou-se a necessidade, na formação docente, de desenvolver habilidades para que tais condições de aproveitamento das emoções negativas ocorram.

Orientador: Evely Boruchovitch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T14:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perassinoto_MariaGislaineMarques_M.pdf: 1137457 bytes, checksum: e52966e7fb8155abc730f62a194375a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Estudos e pesquisas mostram a importância das estratégias de aprendizagem para o processo de aquisição de conhecimentos e para a melhoria do rendimento escolar. A presente pesquisa investiga as estratégias de aprendizagem relatadas pelos alunos de 2ª, 4ª, 6ª e 8ª séries do Ensino Fundamental, de três escolas públicas do município de Hortolândia, sendo uma municipal (ensino de 1º ano a 4ª série) e duas estaduais (de 5ª a 8ª séries), em relação ao gênero, a idade, a série e ao rendimento escolar. Verifica ainda, se há correlação entre as estratégias de aprendizagem e a regulação emocional e entre as estratégias de aprendizagem e o tipo de motivação para aprender dos alunos. A amostra foi composta de 314 participantes, de ambos os sexos e com diferentes níveis de rendimento escolar, cuja faixa etária variou entre 7 a 17 anos. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se a Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem do Ensino Fundamental (EAEF), a Escala de Motivação para Aprender de Alunos do Ensino Fundamental (EMA), a Escala de Avaliação da Regulação Emocional para Estudantes do Ensino Fundamental (EREEF) e o Rendimento Escolar dos alunos nas disciplinas de Português e Matemática. As escalas foram aplicadas coletivamente, em duas sessões. Todos os itens foram lidos pela pesquisadora durante a aplicação. Os resultados mostraram diferença nas estratégias de aprendizagem quando consideradas em relação a gênero, idade, série e rendimento escolar, assim como existência de correlações entre as estratégias de aprendizagem e a motivação para aprender e entre as estratégias de aprendizagem e a regulação emocional. Espera-se que o conhecimento produzido pela presente pesquisa possa contribuir para futuros estudos e para a prática pedagógica dos docentes. / Abstract: Recent studies on learning strategies have revealed their importance to learning, once they contribute to increase school performance and the processing of information by the students. Hence, the current research investigates the learning strategies informed by second, fourth, sixth and eighth-grade students in Elementary School, from three public schools in the city of Hortolandia - one of them is municipal (first to fifth grades) and two are state-managed (sixth to ninth grades) - in relation to gender, age, grade and school performance. Additionally, it investigates if a correlation may be encountered between learning strategies and the emotional regulation and between learning strategies and the type of learning motivation present in students. The sample is constituted of 314 subjects, from both genders and with diverse school performance, ages ranging between 7 and 17 years old. Data collection has employed the Elementary School Learning Strategies Scale (EAEF), Elementary School Learning Motivation Scale (EMA), the Elementary School Emotional Regulation Evaluation Scale (EREEF) and students performance in the subjects Portuguese and Math. The scales were employed collectively, in two meetings. The researcher has read every item throughout the sections. The results have displayed some disparity between the learning strategies and the investigated variables: gender, age, grade and school performance, as well as existing correlations between learning strategies and learning motivation and between learning strategies and emotional regulation. There is the expectation that the data produced within this study be relevant not only to future researchers but also to educators to improve their pedagogical practice and the quality of the educational situations, fortifying, thus, the learning to learn process. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação