Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Petróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis / Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Petróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis / Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.

Orientadores: Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi, Guilherme de Castilho Queiroz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaJunior_HerculanoXavierda_M.pdf: 14025317 bytes, checksum: 59bfdc3617f3d431b323aaa39f4fe0a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: o objetivo desta dissertação é discutir a aplicação das metodologias de Análise do Custo do Ciclo de Vida (ACCV) e de Análise Estatística como ferramentas para propor padrões de eficiência energética, complementares às etiquetas (selos) voluntárias já existentes, nos refrigeradores brasileiros de uma porta. Um outro objetivo é estudar o papel desses instrumentos (Selos e Padrões de Eficiência Energética) como meios de fornecer subsídios técnicos para o estabelecimento de níveis máximos de consumo de energia elétrica para equipamentos consumidores de eletricidade comercializados no Brasil. As metodologias ACCV e Análise Estatística permitem avaliar os impactos do aumento de eficiência energética nesses equipamentos, resultando em economias (de energia, financeiras, redução na emissão de dióxido de carbono, etc.) importantes para os consumidores e para o País. Os resultados alcançados nesse estudo apresentam importantes dados para subsidiar discussões mais aprofundadas com os fabricantes e governo para estipular padrões mínimos de eficiência energética para os refrigeradores brasileiros. Uma das importantes conclusões é que, apesar de existirem outras metodologias como a Análise Estatística, a ACCV que leva em conta os custos tecnológicos permite que se conheça melhor o mercado (custos, capacidades tecnológicas, etc.) e sugere os melhores Padrões Mínimos de Eficiência Energética (MEPS - Minimum Energy Performance Standards) com o máximo retomo econômico para o consumidor. Contudo, quando não é possível coletar todos os dados exigidos para a aplicação da ACCV, recorre-se a uma análise mais simplificada, ou seja, à metodologia de Análise Estatística / Abstract: The objective ofthis thesis is to discuss the application of the methodologies of Life Cycle Cost Analysis(LCCA) and of Statistical Analysis as tools to propose energy efficiency standards, complementally to the voluntary labels already existent in the Brazilian one-door refrigerators. Another objective is to study the role of these instruments (energy efficiency labels and standards) in order to seek technical subsidies for the establishment of maximum level of electric energy consumption for electrical equipments in Brazil. The LCCA and Statistical Analysis methodologies permit to evaluate the impacts of the energy efficiency increase in electrical equipments commercialized in Brazil, resulting in important savings (energy, financial, carbon dioxide emissions avoided etc) for the country and its citizens. The results of this study offer important data to subsidize deeper discussions with manufacturers and the govemment to stipulate minimum energy efficiency standards for the Brazilian refrigerators. One of the important conclusions is that, even though there are other methodologies, such as the Statistical Analysis which does not take technological costs into account, the LCCA allows to better understand the market (costs, technological capacity etc) and suggests the best MEPS (Minimum Energy Performance Standards) with the maximum economic retum for the consumer. Nevertheless, when it is not possible to collect all the necessary data to apply the LCCA, it can be used a more simplified analysis, such as the Statistical Analysis methodology / Mestrado / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

At present, the use of other sources of energy other than energy source from crude oil has accelerated. This is due to limited resources of fossil fuel, increasing prices of crude oil and environmental concerns. Alternative fuels such as biofuel are becoming more important because it can serve as a replacement for petroleum diesel due to its comparable fuel properties and cleaner emission. For use in a standard diesel engine, biodiesel can be blended (mixed) with petroleum diesel at any concentration. In this study, transesterification of waste cooking oil with methanol was catalyzed by heterogeneous catalyst TiO2-supported-MgO and the biodiesel produced was characterised. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was used because it is regarded as one of the cheapest feedstock for biodiesel production in that most oils from oil crops are used as food. Waste cooking oil is available in vast amounts each day in every restaurants and fast food outlets worldwide. The waste cooking oil used in this study was laboratory prepared by the addition of 5 wt. % of oleic acid into 95 wt. % of soybeans oil.10 wt. % of titanium-supported-magnesium oxide catalyst (MgO/TiO2) used was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized using XRF, BET and XRD. These materials were tested with the catalyst for the conversion of waste vegetable oil to biodiesel in presence of methanol and hexane co-solvent. Methanol to oil mole ratio of 18:1 was employed in the transesterification process. When hexane was used as cosolvent, methanol to oil mole ratio of 18:1 and methanol to hexane mole ratio of 1:1 was used. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and hexane co-solvent on the waste vegetable oil conversion has been established. The 1HNMR analysis was used to estimate the structure of FAME produced. It was observed that the oil conversion increases with the increased reaction time, reaction temperature and use of hexane as co-solvent. / Chemical Engineering / M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)

Two of the most important environmental challenges in the 21st century are to protect the quality of fresh water resources and to utilize renewable energy sources to lower greenhouse gas emissions. This study contributes to the solution of the first challenge by providing methodologies for optimal design of real-time water quality monitoring systems and interpretation of data supplied by the monitoring system to identify potential pollution sources in river networks. In this study, the optimal river water quality monitoring network design aspect of the overall monitoring program is addressed by a novel methodology for the analysis of this problem. In this analysis, the locations of sampling sites are determined such that the contaminant detection time is minimized for the river network while achieving maximum reliability for the monitoring system performance. The data collected from these monitoring stations can be used to identify contamination source locations. This study suggests a methodology that utilizes a classification routine which associates the observations on a contaminant spill with one or more of the candidate spill locations in the river network. This approach consists of a training step followed by a sequential elimination of the candidate spill locations which lead to the identification of potential spill locations. In order to contribute the solution of the second environmental challenge, this study suggests utilizing available excess energy in water distribution systems by providing a methodology for optimal design of energy recovery systems. The energy recovery in water distribution systems is possible by using micro hydroelectric turbines to harvest available excess energy inevitably produced to satisfy consumer demands and to maintain adequate pressures. In this study, an optimization approach for the design of energy recovery systems in water distribution networks is proposed. This methodology is based on finding the best locations for micro hydroelectric plants in the network to recover the excess energy. Due to the unsteady nature of flow in water distribution networks, the proposed methodology also determines optimum operation schedules for the micro turbines.

At present, the use of other sources of energy other than energy source from crude oil has accelerated. This is due to limited resources of fossil fuel, increasing prices of crude oil and environmental concerns. Alternative fuels such as biofuel are becoming more important because it can serve as a replacement for petroleum diesel due to its comparable fuel properties and cleaner emission. For use in a standard diesel engine, biodiesel can be blended (mixed) with petroleum diesel at any concentration. In this study, transesterification of waste cooking oil with methanol was catalyzed by heterogeneous catalyst TiO2-supported-MgO and the biodiesel produced was characterised. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was used because it is regarded as one of the cheapest feedstock for biodiesel production in that most oils from oil crops are used as food. Waste cooking oil is available in vast amounts each day in every restaurants and fast food outlets worldwide. The waste cooking oil used in this study was laboratory prepared by the addition of 5 wt. % of oleic acid into 95 wt. % of soybeans oil.10 wt. % of titanium-supported-magnesium oxide catalyst (MgO/TiO2) used was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized using XRF, BET and XRD. These materials were tested with the catalyst for the conversion of waste vegetable oil to biodiesel in presence of methanol and hexane co-solvent. Methanol to oil mole ratio of 18:1 was employed in the transesterification process. When hexane was used as cosolvent, methanol to oil mole ratio of 18:1 and methanol to hexane mole ratio of 1:1 was used. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and hexane co-solvent on the waste vegetable oil conversion has been established. The 1HNMR analysis was used to estimate the structure of FAME produced. It was observed that the oil conversion increases with the increased reaction time, reaction temperature and use of hexane as co-solvent. / Chemical Engineering / M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)

CAPES; Fundação Araucária / O obstáculo intrínseco a produção de energia no Brasil possui relação com embates sociais, devido aos impactos produzidos pelas técnicas e tecnologias do setor. Foi estimulada, então, a criação de políticas para mitigá-los, à exemplo da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente que, para esta função, dispõe de seu principal instrumento, o licenciamento ambiental. Contudo, os conflitos ainda persistem. Diante disso, objetiva-se revelar os aspectos que envolvem o conflito ambiental em torno de projetos de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, inseridos na primeira fase do processo de licenciamento ambiental, do estado do Paraná – a fim de que se compreenda a origem desses impactos no campo de geração de energia do estado. Para tal fim, esta dissertação fundamenta-se em uma abordagem multicaso, considerando as pretensões do estado para o setor energético e as manifestações promovidas, já que se objetiva estudar os casos complexos, dependentes de estudos de impacto ambiental e de audiências públicas. O estudo possui natureza aplicada, objetivo explicativo e utiliza-se da técnica de análise qualitativa e quantitativa, com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. Como resultado, obteve-se a compreensão de que os conflitos ambientais estudados emergem do descumprimento das normas do campo energético – orientado pelo avanço do setor privado, pela flexibilização do Estado e por interesses econômicos. Os estudos de caso demonstraram que essa conjuntura se constitui de três dinâmicas: arbitrariedades, enfrentamentos e desdobramentos. A primeira desestrutura os processos de licenciamento ambiental; a segunda promove a criação e/ou o ajuste das normas, diminuindo as resistências sociais; e a terceira refere-se às consequências do embate entre as dinâmicas anteriores. Contudo, mantém-se a importância do instrumento, que não apresenta problemas quanto à sua estrutura, mas, quanto ao tipo de gestão empregada em suas fases – geralmente influenciada por interesses externos. / The intrinsic obstacle to energy production in Brazil is related to social conflicts, due to the impacts produced by the techniques and technologies of the sector. The creation of policies to mitigate them was stimulated, as was the case with the National Environmental Policy, which, for this purpose, has its main instrument, environmental licensing. However, the conflicts persist. In view, the objective is to uncover the aspects that surround the environmental conflict around small hydroelectric power plant projects, inserted in the first phase of the environmental licensing process of the state of Paraná. In this sense, it is sought to understand the origin of their impact on the community directly affected and on investment and power generation involved. In order to do so a multiple case study approach - the projects were selected according to the state of Paraná's pretensions for the energy sector, and considering the cases that have more conflicts, since the objective is to work with complex cases and studies that depend of environmental impact and its respective report, consequently of public hearings -; of applied nature; explorative objective and with regard to data processing, this research adopts qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques with the help of the software ATLAS.ti. As a result, it was understood that the environmental conflicts studied emerge from noncompliance with the norms of the energy field - driven by the advancement of the private sector, by the flexibility of the State and by economic interests. The case studies have demonstrated that this conjuncture consists of three dynamics: arbitrariness, confrontation and unfolding. The first structure the environmental licensing processes; The second promotes the creation and / or adjustment of standards, reducing social manifestations; And the third refers to the consequences of the clash between the previous dynamics. However, the importance of the instrument remains, which presents no problems with its structure, but with the type of management used in its phases - usually influenced by external interests.

CAPES; Fundação Araucária / O obstáculo intrínseco a produção de energia no Brasil possui relação com embates sociais, devido aos impactos produzidos pelas técnicas e tecnologias do setor. Foi estimulada, então, a criação de políticas para mitigá-los, à exemplo da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente que, para esta função, dispõe de seu principal instrumento, o licenciamento ambiental. Contudo, os conflitos ainda persistem. Diante disso, objetiva-se revelar os aspectos que envolvem o conflito ambiental em torno de projetos de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, inseridos na primeira fase do processo de licenciamento ambiental, do estado do Paraná – a fim de que se compreenda a origem desses impactos no campo de geração de energia do estado. Para tal fim, esta dissertação fundamenta-se em uma abordagem multicaso, considerando as pretensões do estado para o setor energético e as manifestações promovidas, já que se objetiva estudar os casos complexos, dependentes de estudos de impacto ambiental e de audiências públicas. O estudo possui natureza aplicada, objetivo explicativo e utiliza-se da técnica de análise qualitativa e quantitativa, com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. Como resultado, obteve-se a compreensão de que os conflitos ambientais estudados emergem do descumprimento das normas do campo energético – orientado pelo avanço do setor privado, pela flexibilização do Estado e por interesses econômicos. Os estudos de caso demonstraram que essa conjuntura se constitui de três dinâmicas: arbitrariedades, enfrentamentos e desdobramentos. A primeira desestrutura os processos de licenciamento ambiental; a segunda promove a criação e/ou o ajuste das normas, diminuindo as resistências sociais; e a terceira refere-se às consequências do embate entre as dinâmicas anteriores. Contudo, mantém-se a importância do instrumento, que não apresenta problemas quanto à sua estrutura, mas, quanto ao tipo de gestão empregada em suas fases – geralmente influenciada por interesses externos. / The intrinsic obstacle to energy production in Brazil is related to social conflicts, due to the impacts produced by the techniques and technologies of the sector. The creation of policies to mitigate them was stimulated, as was the case with the National Environmental Policy, which, for this purpose, has its main instrument, environmental licensing. However, the conflicts persist. In view, the objective is to uncover the aspects that surround the environmental conflict around small hydroelectric power plant projects, inserted in the first phase of the environmental licensing process of the state of Paraná. In this sense, it is sought to understand the origin of their impact on the community directly affected and on investment and power generation involved. In order to do so a multiple case study approach - the projects were selected according to the state of Paraná's pretensions for the energy sector, and considering the cases that have more conflicts, since the objective is to work with complex cases and studies that depend of environmental impact and its respective report, consequently of public hearings -; of applied nature; explorative objective and with regard to data processing, this research adopts qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques with the help of the software ATLAS.ti. As a result, it was understood that the environmental conflicts studied emerge from noncompliance with the norms of the energy field - driven by the advancement of the private sector, by the flexibility of the State and by economic interests. The case studies have demonstrated that this conjuncture consists of three dynamics: arbitrariness, confrontation and unfolding. The first structure the environmental licensing processes; The second promotes the creation and / or adjustment of standards, reducing social manifestations; And the third refers to the consequences of the clash between the previous dynamics. However, the importance of the instrument remains, which presents no problems with its structure, but with the type of management used in its phases - usually influenced by external interests.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the course of consumption of electricity. One of the feasible ways of description is statistical analysis, which enables to calculate statistically significant factors and their combinations that contributed to the course of consumption of electricity. These factors may be used for modulation of future electricity consumption, and therefore also for long-time prediction. The second chapter discusses the expansion of electricity usage in the Czech Republic from the turn of the 19th century until nowadays. The chapter describes the development of transmission system, development of electricity consumption in the sectors of the national economy, possibilities of using electric energy, and overall balance of electricity and sources of energy. The third chapter presents an overview of usage and consumption of electrical energy in the neighboring European countries as well as in the most interesting countries of the World. The fourth chapter contains statistical analysis. The first part of the chapter details a list of the analyzed quantities of individual consumptions, of the investigated factors, and the analyzed countries. Further, the chapter explains the method of statistical analysis via using simple and multiple regression and its subsequent application and evaluation for the Czech Republic and the others European countries. According to the result, it is GDP that has the main impact on the trends in the course of consumption of electricity. However, it is necessary to consider other factors influencing the consumption of electricity, too, and not rely solely on GDP in terms of long-time prediction of electricity consumption. The fifth chapter discusses the reduction of electricity consumption and savings, which can be both political and macroeconomic result. Quantification of savings is not always unequivocal and any cost-saving actions can lead to an increase in electricity consumption, which can, in effect, be bigger than any possible savings.

This research presents an overview of different sustainable energy development scenarios in Central Europe and East Asia, and is aimed to evaluate the efficiency and availability for introducing a specific sustainable energy source. Accordingly: wind, hydropower, solar, bioenergy, geothermal, nuclear energy. By conducting analysis though multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) models, divergences among energy options in Central Europe and East Asia are emphasised due to its preferences in hierarchy. A short introduction, related to the present energy outlook with a series of relative regressions and a case study based on corresponding statistics, is presented firstly. This gives insights to assess the evaluation of sustainable energy development options. Evaluation results indicating Central Europe and East Asia should introduce different sustainable energy technologies on account of their own strengths and drawbacks in energy judgements and criterions. Keywords Sustainable energy, energy development, Central Europe, East Asia, energy scenario, energy option, evaluation, multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP)