Thesis (DTech (Human Resources Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-233). / Reputable organisational gurus agree that workplace competency can be measured by the skills, knowledge and attitude of the employees. Skill and knowledge are the minimum that is expected from employers but attitude, which includes the construct of emotional intelligence, is more difficult to measure. It has often been said that people in organisations are hired for their skills and knowledge but fired for their poor attitude or behaviour. Changing adult behaviour is considered by many human resource practitioners to be nigh impossible. Human beings are creatures of habit and by the age of six years old their personalities are virtually formed. (Baldwin, 2001). If the six year old further experiences poor parenting or any other traumatic experiences, it may transpire that the adult who enters the workplace presents as a dysfunctional person. This person can rely only on skills and knowledge and will do his best to project an acceptable behavioural front to the organisation.The premise of this research suggests that improved self-awareness can allow people in the workplace to recognise their own ‘blind spots’ and choose to deal differently with others when faced with conflict. It may be unrealistic to expect employees to demonstrate high levels of emotional intelligence, when they have never been given the opportunities to learn these skills. However, ignoring the behaviours that lead to dysfunctional conflict may come at a high cost for organisations. The researcher alludes to the cost of industrial disputes in South Africa, which are reaching unacceptable levels for both the private and the government institutions. It is also an alarming trend that many government institutions ignore the cost of lengthy individual labour disputes and outsource their responsibility to lawyers and forensic investigators, rather than adopting sound conflict resolution practices to resolve these matters. The effect of these strategies is to protect politicians and to blame the officials in administrative positions and furthermore to prosecute them via legal channels, a process that costs both ratepayers and taxpayers millions of rands in unnecessarily wasted revenue.The primary research objective was to determine the most effective approaches to utilise the Enneagram as a tool to resolve subliminal conflict in the workplace. The researcher argues that increased self-awareness leads to individuals being more emotionally intelligent. In order to grow self-awareness an intervention or tool is needed to ‘wake the person up’ from his automatic responses to situations. The Enneagram is a modern tool with ancient roots, which can be used to give people clarity on their automatic behavioural responses. It is not intended to put people in ‘boxes’, but rather to help them recognise what their fixations are and then to give them options and pointers on where they could progress in their development. Hudson and Riso (1993, 1995, 1996, 2000 and 2002) have authored five books and are recognised as being two of the most credible researchers and authors of the Enneagram. They identified three social styles based on the research of Karen Horney. The researcher investigated the relationship between the Hornevian social styles and a Conflict Assessment questionnaire. Secondary objectives were thus as follows:• Conducting a pilot study in the design of Conflict Assessment Style questionnaires. • Investigating the relationship between the Conflict Assessment Style questionnaires and the Hornevian social styles and to applying the consequent information during conflict training workshops. • Facilitating the Mastering Conflict workshops. • Designing Enneagram typing cards. • Holding coaching sessions with each of the nine personality types in order to resolve a subliminal conflict issue. Ontological coaching was suggested as an additional intervention over and above the conflict workshops to enable employees to deal effectively with conflict in the workplace. This way of coaching encourages people to become self-generating and self-correcting. This coaching methodology deals with people in a holistic manner and is based on phenomenological principles. Qualified coaches, either internal or external to the organisation, are able to hold a mirror to employees faced with dysfunctional conflict work situations to find solutions that lead to personal growth for those employees. When the lessons learned from coaching enable the individual to adapt or change, the organisation benefits too, in that the lessons learned are often passed on to others in that organisation. Sustained conflict resolving mechanisms have further advantages: employees who are parents or hold leadership positions in their communities are able to apply these behaviours in those spheres too, thus creating a systemic positive change. The researcher demonstrated how the Enneagram could be used as a model to help coaches understand their clients’ subliminal reactions to conflict situations. The intention of these coaching conversations was to assist employees in dealing with potentially dysfunctional conflict situations in a process that is both time efficient and creates lasting problem solving. The researcher proposes that organisations that are serious about creating environments where people want to work, grow and succeed must adopt strategies where people are able to become more self-aware and to deal more effectively with conflict that does not enhance creativity. It is incumbent on the organisation to create learning forums for employees and to provide coaching dialogue as ways to explore meaningful and sustained remedies to dealing with dysfunctional conflict in the workplace. The researcher did not propose that the Enneagram is the only model that could be used in personal development interventions, but found it to be robust as a model to help “unstick” employees from their false perceptions of conflict situations, thus creating a way forward that offers lasting change and personal growth.

Marketing strategy relies heavily on segmentation and positioning. Lifestyle and psychographics are increasingly being used as a basis for market segmentation. Marketers require deeper insight into the motivational factors that encourage purchases in order to tailor make offerings to suit individual needs. The focus is on customer relationship management in order to retain customers over a longer period of time, rather than once-off sales. This study examines how using the ancient and mystical technique of the Enneagram can improve customer relationship management and formulates a model for doing so. The Enneagram can be used as an effective base for psychographic segmentation by harnessing the diagnostic and predicative power therein. It is already being used in human resource development and strategic planning by companies and it seems fitting to apply it in yet another business area that can greatly benefit from this.

Over 50% of marriages in the United States end in divorce. Researchers have attempted to identify factors that help marriages endure by studying personality, attachment styles, and gender. However, few researchers have examined how dyadic interactions of personality types and attachment types influence marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enneagram personality types on marital satisfaction within 3 groups of attachment types: couples who (a) both demonstrate a secure attachment style, (b) contain one member who demonstrates an insecure attachment style and the other who demonstrates a secure attachment style, and (c) both demonstrate an insecure attachment style. Grounded in attachment theory, interpersonal theory, and the enneagram, complementary personality types should relate to greater global marital satisfaction, independent from attachment style. This cross-sectional study used the Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator, the Satisfaction With Married Life Scale, and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale to collect data from 324 married couples. A factorial ANOVA indicated that couples having one or both partners who exhibit a secure attachment style have significantly greater global marital satisfaction scores than if both partners have an insecure attachment style. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in global marital satisfaction scores among couples who exhibit any enneagram personality type. Additionally, the interaction effect of enneagram personality types and attachment types were not statistically significant for global marital satisfaction. Therapists can integrate these results with their current model of treatment when working with couples toward forming an earned secure attachment, thereby, improving the effectiveness of couple therapy which may create systemic social change.

This study seeks to examine the connection between social media usage and the Enneagram personality model. This connection will aid in a better understanding of what motivates individuals to use social media. The information found in this study will be applied to understanding behavioral addiction. This understanding will allow more personalized treatment for individuals already subject to these behaviors and preventive treatment for those more susceptible to behavioral addiction to social media. In order to find the connection between social media use and the Enneagram personality model, a survey including an Enneagram personality inventory, a social media use inventory, and a demographic questionnaire was provided to college students at the University of Central Florida through an online research system. This provides information about an individual's Enneagram type, social media use habits, and other factors that could influence these variables.

Leaders often manage both chaos and diversity. We can improve our leadership effectiveness by better understanding our motives and behaviors, and those of our followers. A potential tool for leadership development is the Instinctual Variant Questionnaire (IVQ). Based on Enneagram theory (pronounced “ANY-a-gram”), this online instrument is designed to assist users in identifying how three behavioral drives, or variants, may be helping or hindering their dispositions. Each reside in us, but one typically dominates, one supports, and one tends to impede our behaviors and motives. Through an understanding of one’s variants and order of preference, it is possible to increase self-awareness of our motives and behaviors. While the IVQ proposes to measure one’s preferred order of variants, no formal test of reliability and/or validity was found published prior to this study. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and criterion-related validity of the IVQ. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha.Results indicated alpha values between .82 and .85 for the three variants measured,suggesting internal reliability.Validity was tested using data collected from a 120-person sample. The instrument’s results were compared to self-reported primary variant types obtained from those who had a high confidence level in accurately identifying their most dominant type. The IVQ was found to be a strong predictor of the three self-reported variant types. Three binary logistic regression models were run. Omnibus tests were significant for all three models at the p < .001 level (self-preservation chi-square statistic = 82.57, social chi-square statistic = 56.47, and sexual chi-square statistic = 51.77). A multinomial regression model, using self-reported dominant types as the dependent variable and IVQ scores as the independent variable, confirmed predictability of the IVQ. When z-scores were obtained based on the classification hit-rates from all four independent models, classification accuracy was found to be a significant improvement over guessing. Further analysis also suggested age, gender, marital status, education level, or number of years spent studying the Enneagram do not factor into IVQ results. Support for the IVQ to beused as a tool by leaders to better understand themselves and their followers is presented. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The enneagram typology describes nine personality types and their mutual relations. It is a theoretical construct whose psychological validity is still being scientifically verified. The focus of this work is to develop a reliable and valid psychometric tool for recognizing the enneagram type and thereby verify the validity of this typology. The theoretical section describes the enneagram system on the basis of available literature and reviews research that set it in the psychological context. The empirical section deals with the development of the test to determine the ennea-type, with verification of its psychometric characteristics and criterion validity, and at the same time it examines the construct validity of enneagram typology. The criterion to review the validity is The Essential Enneagram Test by David Daniels, type identification by interview and self-identification. A quantitative data analysis was conducted on the sample of 300 persons of both, men and women of all ages using various kinds of statistical methods. The findings indicate that the tool developed to identify the ennea-type is reliable, of good psychometric quality and satisfactory criterion validity. Furthermore, the research supported the existence of nine enneagram types as per the theoretical construct, yet did not...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Leda Maria Ribeiro.pdf: 769025 bytes, checksum: 76e5b8c3d3a6e4fbe271f0d0638b3dcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-17 / Since the beginning, mankind looks for a way to progress and, then, through relations among men and inside themselves, they develop capacity of understand and be understudied in order to deal better with other men and with themselves. This hard and gradual evolution follows the impulses of great philosophers, just like Socrates, Plat?o, Pitagoras, that left the legacy of selfknowledge professed by the Socrate?s recommendation: know yourself . In this perspective, the bibliography research of this dissertation has based the questions about Enneagram, Self Knowledge, Emotional Intelligence and Entrepreneurship. The field research, through structured questionnaires, has allowed analyzing the hypotheses of this study about: the positive and significant correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Undertaking; the significant difference in the Emotional Intelligence level according to the Enneagram?s peculiarities, just like the relations between these with the Undertaking level. The analyze of the date collected in the 311?s people answers was made with the help of Excel and SPSS program. In the literature review, some concepts are broached, and the evolution of undertaking and undertaker, permeated by the Emotional Intelligence development; the text explains the beginning, evolution and uses of Enneagram in the business world. / Desde o in?cio da civiliza??o a humanidade busca meios para progredir e assim, por meio das rela??es inter e intrapessoal vem desenvolvendo a capacidade de compreender e ser compreendido para melhor relacionar-se consigo e com o pr?ximo. Essa evolu??o ?rdua e gradativa segue os impulsos dos grandes pensadores, como S?crates, Plat?o, Pit?goras que deixaram o legado do autoconhecimento preconizado pela recomenda??o socr?tica ?conhe?a a ti mesmo.? Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa bibliogr?fica dessa disserta??o fundamentou as quest?es relacionadas com o Eneagrama, Autoconhecimento, Intelig?ncia Emocional e Empreendedorismo. A pesquisa de campo, por meio de question?rios estruturados, possibilitou analisar as hip?teses desse estudo, que dizem respeito a: correla??o positiva significativa entre Intelig?ncia Emocional e Empreendedorismo; a diferen?a significativa no n?vel de IE segundo os tra?os Eneagram?ticos, assim como a rela??o destes com o grau de Empreendedorismo. Na revis?o de literatura aborda-se alguns conceitos de empreendedorismo e a evolu??o do empreendedor. Comenta-se a respeito da origem, da evolu??o do Eneagrama e sua utiliza??o no mundo empresarial. A an?lise, das respostas de 311 pessoas, foi realizada com o aux?lio do Excel e do programa SPSS. Ap?s a compara??o dos dados coletados, evidenciou-se que existe correla??o positiva significativa entre Intelig?ncia Emocional e Empreendedorismo, o que corrobora a primeira hip?tese do estudo, tendo sido a segunda refutada e a terceira parcialmente corroborada. Esse resultado sinaliza a necessidade de novas pesquisas para que cada um dos nove perfis eneagram?ticos possa ser estudado na perspectiva empreendedora e emocional, embora o objetivo do trabalho tenha sido alcan?ado.

Different theoretical approaches and interpretations offer diverse delineations and clusters of Enneagram type in terms of Horney’s interpersonal trends of moving toward, moving against and moving away from people. The present study reports the results of an empirical investigation into the relationship between Enneagram type and Horney’s interpersonal trends. A sample of 2 3 participants completed the Test of Object Relations (TOR) and 125 of these participants completed the Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Inventory (HCTI). Two one-way, between-groups multivariate analyses of variance revealed differences between Enneagram types for each of the HCTI interpersonal trends of compliance, aggression and detachment and the TOR dimensions of separation anxiety, symbiotic merging, narcissism, egocentricity, social isolation and fear of engulfment. For each trend, an Enneagram type could be identified as a unique marker or benchmark of the trend. However, the empirical result does not offer clear support for one theoretical approach or viewpoint rather than another. / Psychology / M. A, (Psychology)

Different theoretical approaches and interpretations offer diverse delineations and clusters of Enneagram type in terms of Horney’s interpersonal trends of moving toward, moving against and moving away from people. The present study reports the results of an empirical investigation into the relationship between Enneagram type and Horney’s interpersonal trends. A sample of 2 3 participants completed the Test of Object Relations (TOR) and 125 of these participants completed the Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Inventory (HCTI). Two one-way, between-groups multivariate analyses of variance revealed differences between Enneagram types for each of the HCTI interpersonal trends of compliance, aggression and detachment and the TOR dimensions of separation anxiety, symbiotic merging, narcissism, egocentricity, social isolation and fear of engulfment. For each trend, an Enneagram type could be identified as a unique marker or benchmark of the trend. However, the empirical result does not offer clear support for one theoretical approach or viewpoint rather than another. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

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