Conclusion of adhesion contracts by entrepreneurs Abstract The aim of this work is to describe the conditions under which the protective provisions of the Civil Code on the conclusion of contracts in an adhesive manner are applied in relations where the entrepreneur acts. In this regard, attention is focused on the definition of the weaker party and the individual conditions that the entrepreneur must meet if he is to enjoy the protection of the weaker party. Subsequently, the work deals with the institute of concluding contracts in an adhesive manner, formulating its individual features and manifestations, especially in commercial practice. This work consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter forms the basis for the rest of this work, by defining the weaker party with an emphasis on relations between entrepreneurs. Furthermore, this form describes the form of protection of the weaker party with an analysis of private and public protection of the weaker entrepreneur. The second chapter deals with contracts concluded in an adhesive manner and burden of proof beard by the contracting party. Subsequently, this work captures the most common forms in contractual practice such as general terms and conditions, form documents or framework contracts. A specific form of adhesion...

The subject of the master’s thesis is the elaboration of a business plan for setting up an online store selling accessories for mobile phones and tablets. The business plan includes the process of building an e-shop, defines the market environment and competition, and last but not least, marketing and promotional strategies. At the end of the thesis, the economic success of the proposed online store is being evaluated based on the financial plan.

The subject of this thesis is to prepare a business plan for the establishment of a new forest nursery. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part is the goals of the work and the chosen methodology. The second part contains a theoretical description, which is based on literature. In the next part I use selected methods and analyzes to map the current situation. The last fourth part is a proposal of a business plan with conclusions and recommendations for a newly established forest nursery.

The master´s thesis deals with the business plan for establishing a small company. The study is divided into several parts. The first part focuses on goals, methods and progresses, meanwhile the theoretical part is where theoretic concepts are explained. Analytical part analyzes internal, external and industry environment of the company. The master´s thesis is completed by the proposal itself and its schedule.

The introduced diploma thesis suggests a business plan for new activities of a middle entrepreneur, financed by European Structural Funds. The target is to build a training centre for public, the applicant is educational institution. The first part of thesis deals with theoretical aspects of European Structural Funds topic, second part composes own business plan suggestions.

In the United States, many small businesses fail within the first 5 years due to poor implementation of long term financial strategies. Researchers and business practitioners indicated that women small business owners face challenges in financing their small businesses beyond 5 years due to a lack of long-term financial strategies. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore long term financial strategies women use to sustain their small businesses beyond 5 years. The general theory of entrepreneurship was the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 11 women small business owners in Cleveland County, North Carolina, who had been in business beyond 5 years and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis data. The 3 themes discovered were methods of funding small businesses, challenges for women as small business owners, and entrepreneurial spirit. The implications for positive social change include the potential to affect the long term success of women entrepreneurs by providing knowledge on financial strategies. The success of women small business owners strengthens local economies by stimulating economic growth, increasing the employment rate, and improving the standard of living of the area.

Most immigrants relocate to the "land of opportunities" in search of greener pastures. Because of their desperate circumstances, they often work much harder than the average American to succeed. Strong social ties embedded in ethnic communities of immigrant populations have been considered vital assets for immigrant entrepreneurs (Yang et al. 2011, p. 639). However, little quantitative research has been done on the influence of biological kinship and altruism within the arena of ethnic entrepreneurs. It is well-documented that successful immigrant entrepreneurs and businesses can create jobs for others as well. Members of the same ethnic group often form communities in a host country. These communities live near one another, speaking the same language and honouring the same culture. These factors play an essential role in immigrant entrepreneurship and the creation of enclave businesses. Ethnic economies potentially provide a protected market for production of ethnic goods and an opportunity for greater business networks - including providing experience and apprenticeship to co-ethnic employees. In this study, the hypothesis is that small businesses founded and operated by immigrants are much more likely to hire immigrants, especially immigrants from a home country identical or similar to their own. The data collected by questionnaire was analysed using the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). Frequency distribution tables were used to analyse the research questions. To accept or reject the hypothesis, a statistical analysis was conducted. The formulated hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics chi-square. As far as immigrant entrepreneurs and their businesses are concerned, the descriptive study methodology used to test the hypothesis was successful in the sense that the results validated the idea that indeed immigrant small business owners are drawn towards other immigrants, preferably of their own ethnic or cultural background.

Les entreprises familiales sont des organisations dans lesquelles la participation familiale caractérise la gestion, le contrôle et la propriété, représentant une proportion significative des organisations mondiales et un pourcentage élevé du PIB pour plusieurs pays. Par exemple, en Amérique latine, on estime que 90 à 98% des entreprises sont des entreprises familiales, constituant 80% de tous les emplois. Dans le cas de l’Équateur, plus de 80% des entreprises sont des membres de la famille, selon la définition que les membres de la famille du fondateur ou le même fondateur continuent d’administrer, de contrôler ou de gérer l’entreprise, 55 130 personnes étant inscrites à la Surintendance. des sociétés, avec un capital d'environ 25 976 millions USD, une contribution au PIB du pays de 51% et la création de 1,6 million d'emplois (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2018).Les données de l'Enquête mondiale auprès des entreprises familiales - Équateur 2018 indiquent qu'elles représentent 90%, où 77% des entreprises suivantes travaillent déjà pour l'entreprise et participent aux secteurs suivants: commerce, activités professionnelles, immobilier, construction, transport, fabrication et services. et de l'agriculture.Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) sont reconnues comme un moteur essentiel du développement économique, source de débats politiques dans le monde entier (Liedholm et autres, 1994, Robson et autres, 2009, Abor et Quartey, 2010), ce qui a amené les pays développés et les pays en développement à se concentrer sur les avantages qu’ils peuvent apporter en termes de création d’emplois et de revenus (Hallberg, 1999, Acs et Szerb, 2007, Kang et Heshmati, 2008).Ces entreprises sont si différentes en termes d’origine, de structure, d’organisation et de direction, outre le fait que les quelques études existantes en Équateur n’élargissent souvent pas la vision de la société au-delà de la deuxième génération et ne répondent pas aux motivations de l’acte d’entreprise, Cette recherche est basée sur l’approfondissement d’un vaste cadre théorique, comprenant des théories sociales cognitives, organisationnelles et comportementales, pour proposer le problème sous la forme d’une question de recherche: quelles sont les motivations de l’entrepreneur de la PME familiale équatorienne qui peut configurer une typologie de l'acte entrepreneurial et son impact sur la gestion de l'entreprise?L'objectif général de la recherche est de connaître la typologie de l'entrepreneur équatorien, en termes de motivations et de variables illustratives qui les caractérisent le plus, et leur impact sur la gestion des PME familiales.Les objectifs suivants sont définis pour les objectifs spécifiques: déterminer les éléments théoriques conceptuels permettant de définir les entreprises familiales équatoriennes, ainsi que les attributs ou variables les plus importants pouvant être inclus dans une typologie pour les entrepreneurs de PME familiales en Équateur; établir les principales caractéristiques du contexte personnel, familial et professionnel, ainsi que les motivations de l'acte entrepreneurial des dirigeants des PME familiales de l'Équateur; Déterminez les principaux facteurs qui font partie de la gestion des affaires et de la réalisation des objectifs des dirigeants de PME familiales en Équateur et reliez enfin la typologie de l’entrepreneur équatorien aux modèles de gestion des PME familiales.Pour la méthodologie, on adopte une approche méthodologique quantitative, hypothétique - déductive, avec un champ de corrélation, qui permet - après un examen de l’état de la technique - d’établir des questions initiales permettant de dériver des hypothèses dont les conséquences logiques sont soumises à une corroboration empirique processus exhaustif de collecte de données et d'analyse statistique. / Family businesses are organizations in which family participation characterizes management, control and ownership, representing a significant proportion of global organizations and a large percentage of GDP for multiple countries. For example, in Latin America, it is estimated that 90 to 98% of all companies are family, constituting 80% of all jobs. In the case of Ecuador, more than 80% of the companies are family members, under the definition that members of the founder's family or the same founder, continue in the administration, control or management of the firm, there being 55,130 registered in the Superintendence of Companies, with an equity of some USD 25,976 million, a contribution to the country's GDP of 51% and the generation of 1.6 million jobs (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2018).Data from the Global Family Business Survey- Ecuador 2018 report that they represent 90%, where 77% already have the following generations working for the business and participate in the sectors: trade, professional activities, real estate, construction, transportation, manufacturing and services and agriculture.Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognized as a key driver of economic development, which has been the source of political debates around the world (Liedholm et al., 1994, Robson et al., 2009, Abor and Quartey, 2010), resulting in both developed and developing countries focusing on these companies for the benefits they can bring in terms of job creation and income generation (Hallberg, 1999, Acs and Szerb, 2007, Kang and Heshmati, 2008).These companies are so different in terms of origin, structure, organization and direction, in addition to the fact that the few existing studies in Ecuador frequently do not broaden the vision of the company beyond the second generation and do not address the motivations of the entrepreneurial act, in This research is based on the deepening of a broad theoretical framework, involving cognitive, organizational and behavioral social theories, to propose the problem in the form of a research question: What are the motivations of the entrepreneur of the Ecuadorian family SME that can configure a typology of the entrepreneurial act and its impact on business management?The general objective of the research is to know the typology of the Ecuadorian entrepreneur, in terms of the motivations and the illustrative variables that most characterize them, and their impact on the management of family SMEs.For the specific objectives, the following are defined: determine the conceptual theoretical elements that allow defining Ecuadorian family businesses, as well as the most important attributes or variables that can be included in a typology for entrepreneurs of family SMEs in Ecuador; establish the main characteristics of personal, family and professional context, as well as, the motivations for the entrepreneurial act, of the managers of the family SMEs of Ecuador; Determine the main factors that are part of the business management and achievement of objectives of the managers of family SMEs in Ecuador and finally relate the typology of the Ecuadorian entrepreneur with the management models of family SMEs.For the methodology a quantitative, hypothetical - deductive methodological approach is adopted, with a correlational scope, which - after reviewing the state of the art - allows to establish initial questions from which hypotheses are derived whose logical consequences are subjected to empirical corroboration, through a exhaustive process of data collection and statistical analysis.Based on the database of the Superintendency of Companies of Ecuador, which reports 27,532 active family SMEs, a simple random sample of 1,000 companies was selected to which they were sent by email a first survey-typology of the entrepreneur and another second survey - management model. The data was processed using descriptive statistics, principal components analysis and correlation analysis. / Las empresas familiares son organizaciones en las que la participación familiar caracteriza la gestión, el control y la propiedad, representando una proporción significativa de las organizaciones mundiales y un gran porcentaje del PIB para múltiples países. Por ejemplo, en América Latina, se estima que del 90 al 98% de todas las empresas son familiares, constituyendo el 80% de todos los empleos. En el caso del Ecuador, más del 80% de las empresas son familiares, bajo la definición de que miembros de la familia del fundador o el mismo fundador, continúan en la administración, control o gestión de la firma, existiendo 55.130 registradas en la Superintendencia de Compañías, con un patrimonio de unos USD 25.976 millones, una contribución al PIB del país de 51% y la generación de 1,6 millones de empleos (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2018).Datos del Global Family Business Survey- Ecuador 2018 reportan que representan el 90%, donde el 77% ya tienen a las siguientes generaciones trabajando para el negocio y participan en los sectores: comercio, actividades profesionales, inmobiliario, construcción, transporte, manufactura y servicios y agricultura.Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) son reconocidas como un motor clave de desarrollo económico, por lo que han sido fuentes de debates políticos en todo el mundo (Liedholm et al., 1994; Robson et al., 2009; Abor y Quartey, 2010), resultando que tanto países desarrollados como en desarrollo se centren en estas empresas por los beneficios que pueden aportar en términos de creación de empleo y generación de ingresos (Hallberg, 1999; Acs y Szerb, 2007; Kang y Heshmati, 2008).Siendo estas empresas tan distintas en cuanto a procedencia, estructura, organización y dirección, aunado a que los pocos estudios existentes en el Ecuador frecuentemente no amplían la visión de la empresa más allá de la segunda generación y tampoco abordan las motivaciones del acto emprendedor, en esta investigación se parte de la profundización en un amplio marco teórico, implicando teorías sociales cognitivas, organizativas y de comportamiento, para proponer el problema en forma de una pregunta de investigación:¿Cuáles son las motivaciones del empresario de la pyme familiar ecuatoriana que pueden configurar una tipología del acto emprendedor y su impacto en la gestión del negocio?Como objetivo general de la investigación está conocer la tipología del empresario ecuatoriano, en términos de las motivaciones y de las variables ilustrativas que más los caracterizan, y su impacto en la gestión de las pymes familiares.Para los objetivos específicos se definen los siguientes: determinar los elementos teórico conceptuales que permiten definir las empresas familiares ecuatorianas, así como los atributos o variables más importantes que pueden integrar una tipología para los empresarios de las pymes familiares del Ecuador; establecer las principales características de contexto personal, familiar y profesional, así como, las motivaciones para el acto emprendedor, de los directivos de las pymes familiares del Ecuador; eeterminar los principales factores que forman parte de la gestión empresarial y consecución de objetivos de los directivos de las pymes familiares en Ecuador y finalmente relacionar la tipología del empresario ecuatoriano con los modelos de gestión de las pymes familiares.Para la metodología se adopta un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, hipotético - deductivo, con un alcance correlacional, que - tras la revisión del estado del arte- permita establecer preguntas iniciales de las cuales se derivan hipótesis cuyas consecuencias lógicas son sometidas a corroboración empírica, mediante un exhaustivo proceso de recolección de datos y análisis estadístico.

The need for this research stemmed from the fact that most of what we know about the internationalisation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) emerges from developed countries; little is known about internationalisation of African SMEs or, in particular, South African SMEs. The impact of globalisation, trade liberalisation, and technology advancement on SMEs is that they face increased competition right on their doorstep. To remain in existence and sustain their growth, SMEs are concertedly seeking opportunities in foreign markets. In order for SMEs to succeed and exploit international opportunities, they develop and rely on networks to compensate for their liability of foreignness, as well as their lack of resources in terms of finance, marketing, human capital, reputation, and technology.This research investigated the effect of resource acquisition networks on the internationalisation of small and medium enterprises. The study involved SMEs who had internationalised their operations. Data were collected through unstructured interviews in Phase One and semistructured interviews in Phase Two of this research study, with SME owners and their managers who were responsible for international operations. The key focus was the three research propositions dealing with networks, which focused on three network characteristics: network diversity, network density, and network size.The findings show that the South African SME internationalisation process is highly influenced by resource acquisition networks. SMEs use their networks to exploit international opportunities by accessing resources that they lack internally. A highly diversified and highly connected network is significant to the SMEs’ opportunity identification of and access to resources, while the size of the network is quite important. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Personal branding on social media is a growing and expanding field. The present research works to uncover the processes and practices of womenpreneurs and the ways in which they utilize social media, specifically Instagram, to build and maintain their personal brands. Grounded theory is used to underpin the research and provide a basis of which the study is conducted. The review of literature provides the context necessary to support the methods of a content analysis and semi-structured interviews. There is a gap in research as it pertains to the conceptualization of personal branding practices on Instagram and the present study works to build a bridge to understanding these practices. Online presentation of the self is an expanding body of research in academia, and the present research works to contribute new knowledge surrounding the exploitation of the most popular visually based social media platform Instagram to create and maintain successful personal brands.