This thesis investigates knowledge and learning in new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in an early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystem. Previous work on entrepreneurial learning suggests that experiential learning, vicarious learning and exploration are the learning types that entrepreneurs use to manage knowledge, and that this leads to the creation of entrepreneurial knowledge. While the majority of previous research involves entrepreneurial learning that is based on absorptive capacity (ACAP) to generate competitive advantage, this study examines how new venture teams (NVTs) manage new and prior knowledge when developing and commercialising software. The knowledge-based view (KBV) regards knowledge as the most important resource to allocate. This research adopts this approach in exploring how NVTs acquire, assimilate and use new knowledge. Based on a framework encompassing networks, prior knowledge and knowledge management the study explores, examines and analyses: i. Entrepreneurial networks; ii. Early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystems; iii. NVTs’ prior knowledge; and iv. Knowledge integration activities. The research adopts a qualitative approach and methodology comprising two stages. The first one captures the perceptions of multiple agents involved in the entrepreneurial networks in Colombia, from government, academia and support institutions (private and public). In the second stage eight NVTs from Medellín were asked to describe the resources and source of resources used when developing and commercialising the first innovative product while creating and establishing the NTBF; their answers were validated in a second interview using a mind map to illustrate key events and key sources of new knowledge. Analysis of the data reveals that even in early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystems, NVTs acquire knowledge from external sources, such as mentors, intermediaries and customers. This finding echoes the importance of ACAP in NTBF creation and survival. Moreover, NVTs acquire knowledge from internal sources of knowledge, such as new members, experience and formal education. In general, regardless of how related, specific and complementary the prior knowledge of the NVT is, all cases use external and internal knowledge integration activities. This study provides new insights into the nature of knowledge integration and has clarified distinctions between two key substantive capabilities in NTBFs: developing a technology and commercialising a new product. As regard to the KBV, the thesis also shows how entrepreneurial and innovative networks helped with the acquisition of new knowledge in an early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystem. This new knowledge can be market-related but also technical-related, and can also be acquired by outsourcing when the NVT’s knowledge base is not specialised in the technology that the firm offers. NVTs manage prior and new knowledge when developing and commercialising new technologies while they create and establish the NTBF, for by doing so they also focus on sales to maintain cash flow. The study suggests that members of NVTs work together, make decisions together and are both reflective and selective when choosing their sources of new knowledge in NTBFs. This study has important implications for policymakers and practitioners. While current policies and entrepreneurs recognise networks as the most important source of knowledge, findings of this research suggests that internal sources of knowledge are equally important, therefore NVTs must also develop internal knowledge integration abilities.

p. 1-123 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-26T18:12:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 1065331 bytes, checksum: 433b17e47e141509ab82ff3319251b0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-08T18:29:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 1065331 bytes, checksum: 433b17e47e141509ab82ff3319251b0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-08T18:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 1065331 bytes, checksum: 433b17e47e141509ab82ff3319251b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / O tema "empreendedorismo e empreendedor" vem ocupando lugar de destaque nos estudos e pesquisas de vários campos da ciência, notadamente na administração. Nas duas últimas décadas, universidades, organizações e governos, têm se debruçado sobre esse objeto de pesquisa na procura por um melhor entendimento, abordando-o como uma das variáveis importantes na busca pelo desenvolvimento. O Brasil elegeu a difusão do empreendedorismo como uma das formas de dinamizar alguns segmentos de mercado do País. Este trabalho busca acrescentar uma contribuição ao entendimento do empreendedorismo, no que se refere à habilitação e emergência de novos empreendedores. Esta capacitação, contudo, é um assunto controverso, não existindo ainda uma aceitação consensual quanto a ser factível. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, o tema "empreendedorismo e empreendedor" é apresentado, e a seguir é discutida a possibilidade de capacitação empreendedora. Na segunda parte, é feito um estudo de caso do Programa IES/SOFTEX, onde é abordada a exeqüibilidade do modelo de capacitação adotado por esse programa. O IES/SOFTEX foi implementado com a missão de capacitar os alunos de graduação, dos cursos superiores de informática e ciência da computação, a serem empreendedores. Um modelo de capacitação foi criado, associando uma disciplina de capacitação empreendedora a uma incubadora, para acolher e materializar os planos de negócio oriundos desta disciplina. O referido programa é uma complementaridade ao Programa SOFTEX, criado pelo governo brasileiro com o objetivo de acelerar o crescimento da indústria de software. Na parte final do trabalho estão reunidas as conclusões decorrentes deste estudo, onde constata-se a difusão gradual do conceito empreendedor. Nesta estão assinalados a validade do modelo adotado, alguns fatores críticos e limitantes e sua aplicabilidade a outros segmentos de indústria. Estes elementos estão ali registrados e comentados, sendo também sugeridas possíveis melhorias. / Salvador

Tile research focuses on the role played by the school in preraring learners for self-employment. It seeks to establish the extent to which entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitudes are being promoted ai school thus equipping learners for ihe world of business once they leave school. The study is undertaken ag~i the background of very high mte of unemployment currently facing South Africa. A nmnber of factors, such as high population growth, globalisation and a variety of other socio-political circlUllStance have resulted in the shrinkage of job opportunities in the formal sector of the economy. The unemployment problem mostly affects the rural schoolleavers, among other groups, in the community. Small bu.'$ine.<Js development is generally seen as the most promising solution to the unemployment problem. Preparing learners for entrepreneurship is therefore the most serious challenge facing schools today. The school is required to deliver the kind of education that will make it possible for learners to start and develop their own businesses once they leave school. Hence the quest for education that is relevant to the needs and aspirations of society. A qualitative study undertaken with rural schoolleavers who own small businesses reveals that the school has not yet taken delibemte steps to tester entrepreneurship among learners thus preparing them for self-employment when they leave school. Again it bas been demonstrated that schools have great potential to inculcate entrepreneurial knowledge, attitudes and skills once they can start working in close co-operation with the community. A shift from traditional approaches to teaching and learning to the progressive (entrepreneurial) approaches can contribute greatly in producing learners who are ready fbr life as independent, creative and influencial business leaders of the future. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Comparative Education)

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-11T18:43:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Nunes.pdf: 4064940 bytes, checksum: 538a699e0c07e107ea2cffaba9979c15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-11T18:44:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Nunes.pdf: 4064940 bytes, checksum: 538a699e0c07e107ea2cffaba9979c15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-11T18:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Nunes.pdf: 4064940 bytes, checksum: 538a699e0c07e107ea2cffaba9979c15 (MD5) / O trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os resultados do Programa “Tô Legal” implantado no município de Santo Antonio de Jesus, no ano de 2010, uma Política Pública local e principalmente a percepção do público em relação à este programa, que fez parte das ações da gestão do prefeito Euvaldo de Almeida Rosa, que prestou seus serviços à sociedade santoantoniense no período de 01 de janeiro de 2005 à 31 de dezembro de 2012. Para que fosse possível tirar as devidas conclusões foi realizado um estudo junto aos empreendedores do município que fizeram suas considerações sobre o tema. A pesquisa foi estruturada em quatro pilares de informações: Perfil Pessoal do Empreendedor, Perfil dos Empreendimentos Entrevistados, Relação dos Empreendimentos com o Poder Público e a Percepção da Política Pública Implantada no município. Os dados foram interpretados juntamente à informações secundárias, principalmente à pesquisa realizada pelo SEBRAE Nacional, que busca analisar o Perfil do Micro Empreendedor Individual no Brasil. No mesmo trabalho também é feita uma abordagem ao trabalho da residência social, ação de imersão obrigatória na realização do mestrado em Gestão Social do CIAGS e também a proposta de uma Tecnologia Social para intervir junto à municípios com menor dinâmica empresarial. Por fim identificamos as evoluções e gargalos do programa e o quanto ele foi reconhecido pelo público beneficiário, fazendo as devidas considerações sobre os resultados apresentados. / The study aims to understand the results of the "Tô Legal" deployed in Santo Antonio de Jesus in 2010, a local Public Policy Program and especially the public perception regarding this program, which was part of the shares of administration of Mayor Euvaldo de Almeida Rosa, who rendered their services to the society santoantoniense the period January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2012. To enable it to draw appropriate conclusions, a study was conducted among entrepreneurs who have made the city their thoughts on the subject. The survey was structured into four pillars of information: Personal profile entrepreneur, Profile of Respondents Developments, List of Enterprises with Public Authorities and Public Policy Perception Implanted in the municipality. The research were interpreted together the secondary information, mainly to research conducted by the SEBRAE NACIONAL, which seeks to analyze the profile of the Individual Micro Entrepreneur in Brazil. In the same study an approach to the work of social residence, mandatory action immersion in achieving the Masters in Social Management of the CIAGS and also proposed a Social Technology is also made to intervene with the municipalities with the lowest business dynamics. Finally we identify the trends and bottlenecks of the program and how he was recognized by the beneficiary public, doing the due consideration of the results presented.

The aim of the thesis on the topic: Creating a business plan was a comprehensive literature search process based on the study of literature and the subsequent creation of a business plan so that it can be used as a realistic basis for the authority to implement in practice. The submitter of the business plan is the ISS Czech sro, which until the end of 2012 plans to open his own store, which also served as a supply point for already established Internet business if the business plan show that it is for the company from a strategic and marketing perspective advantageous.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O crescente aumento da atividade empreendedora no país, e por consequência o aumento do número de organizações de micro e pequeno porte, fonte geradora de grande parte dos postos de trabalho no país motivaram este estudo que tem como principal objetivo contribuir para o entendimento do papel do profissional de contabilidade no processo decisório das organizações, assim como investigar o entendimento dos empreendedores em relação à contribuição do profissional de contabilidade no processo decisório das organizações de micro e pequeno porte. Buscou-se também identificar as ferramentas de controle gerencial utilizadas no processo decisório. Para isso foram realizadas entrevistas com dez empreendedores. Através de um questionário de pesquisa aplicado, verificou-se que para 9 dos 10 empreendedores entrevistados, os profissionais de contabilidade não os auxiliam no processo decisório. Para eles a contribuição dos profissionais de contabilidade se restringe ao cálculo e geração de guias de impostos, assim como prestar assessoria fiscal e trabalhista. A contabilidade como fonte provedora de informações confiáveis e seguras não é valorizada pelos empreendedores. Apenas um deles citou a utilização de demonstrativos contábeis como prática na organização para fins de tomada de decisão. / The increasing entrepreneurial activity in the country, and therefore the increase in the number of micro and small organizations, source of most of the jobs in the country motivated this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of accounting in decision-making organizations, as well as investigate the understanding of entrepreneurs in relation to the accounting professional contribution in the decision making process of micro and small organizations. We sought to identify the management control tools used in decision making. For that interviews were conducted with 10 entrepreneurs of such organizations. Through a research questionnaire, it was found that for 9 of the 10 entrepreneurs interviewed, accounting professionals not assist in decision making. For them the contribution of accounting professionals is limited to the calculation and generation of tax guides, as well as providing tax advisory and labor. Understanding of accounting as providing a source of reliable and secure information is not valued by entrepreneurs. Only one of them mentioned the use of financial statements as a practice in the organization for decision-making purposes.

The success and / or business failure, resulting from entrepreneurial activities are associated with the ability of performance of its managers, requiring the development of skills that can facilitate their adjustment process, by reflection of their management practices and analysis of internal and external context of the organization (BARON and SHANE, 2010). According to Shepherd (2003) the business failure affects directly the life of the individual entrepreneur. The fact that is evident is that the individual entrepreneur needs internal balance and ability to make the process of resilience begins, this being considered by Grotberg (2005) as a process that involves resilient factors, behaviors and results. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with resilient behavior of entrepreneurs who have experienced business failure. The method adopted is the qualitative and exploratory research, based on empirical research. The units of analysis were eleven entrepreneurs from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul who experienced business failure. Data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis, categorical and enunciation, and the analysis categories were defined a priori and not a priori (BARDIN, 2011). The a priori categories - business failure, resilient factors and dynamic of resilience - were defined based on three theoretical approaches: Shepherd (2003); Grotberg (2005) and Minello (2010). The categories not a priori - shady behaviors on business relations, social impact and financial aspects - emerged from the interviewees' speech. The lack of working capital, credit loss, lack of professional advice, arrogance and inexperience in management were most relevant aspects from the perspective of entrepreneurs, which led to business failure. The similar resilient behaviors among respondents were isolation, withdrawal and social life, having and losing the shame of failure, reflection, want to start over and build capacity. The resilient factors identified in respondents were external support, internal strength / faith, to know to ask for help and ability to learn. The behavioral aspects that contributed to overcoming the failure was a reflection, lose the shame of failure, to want to restart and do therapy, however, the shame of failure, isolation and social withdrawal were behavioral characteristics that difficulted the business failure overcome. The arrogance was a behavioral trait identified in entrepreneurs interviewed. The social impact and adjustment to the new standard of living were influences in the lives of entrepreneurs interviewed after failure. / O sucesso e/ou o insucesso empresarial, decorrentes de atividades empreendedoras, estão associados à capacidade de atuação de seus gestores, exigindo o desenvolvimento de habilidades capazes de facilitar seu processo de adaptação, por meio da reflexão de suas práticas gerenciais e da análise do contexto interno e externo da organização (BARON E SHANE, 2010). De acordo com Shepherd (2003) o fracasso empresarial afeta diretamente a vida do indivíduo empreendedor. A questão que se evidencia é que o indivíduo empreendedor necessita de capacidade e equilíbrio interno para que o processo da resiliência se inicie, sendo esta considerada por Grotberg (2005) como um processo, que envolve fatores, comportamentos e resultados resilientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados ao comportamento resiliente de empreendedores que vivenciaram o insucesso empresarial. Adotou-se como método de pesquisa a abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, baseado em pesquisa empírica. As unidades de análise foram onze empreendedores da região central do Rio Grande do Sul que vivenciaram o insucesso empresarial. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, categorial e de enunciação, sendo as categorias de análise definidas a priori e não a priori (BARDIN, 2011). As categorias a priori insucesso empresarial, fatores resilientes e dinâmica da resiliência foram definidas com base em três enfoques teóricos: Shepherd (2003); Grotberg (2005) e Minello (2010). As categorias não a priori comportamentos escusos nas relações dos negócios, repercussão social, e aspectos financeiros emergiram da fala dos entrevistados. A falta de capital de giro, perda de crédito, falta de assessoria profissional, arrogância, e a inexperiência em gestão foram aspectos mais relevantes na perspectiva dos empreendedores, que os levaram ao insucesso empresarial. Os comportamentos resilientes semelhantes entre os entrevistados foram isolamento, retraimento e convívio social, ter e perder a vergonha do fracasso, reflexão, querer recomeçar e capacitar-se. Os fatores resilientes identificados nos entrevistados foram apoio externo, força interna/fé, saber pedir ajuda e capacidade de aprender. Os aspectos comportamentais que mais contribuíram para a superação do insucesso foram a reflexão, perder a vergonha do fracasso, querer recomeçar e realizar terapia, no entanto, a vergonha do fracasso, isolamento e retraimento social foram características comportamentais que dificultaram a superação do insucesso empresarial. A arrogância foi uma característica comportamental identificada nos empreendedores entrevistados. A repercussão social e a adequação ao novo padrão de vida foram influências na vida dos empreendedores entrevistados depois do insucesso.

Entrepreneurs and the components that motivates them not to give up when facing obstacles have been the focus in many different studies. There have also been some studies which aims at connecting the concepts of intrapreneurs and motivation. However, we found a gap in the research which compares Swedish entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs focusing on their motivational factors. Therefore, this study aims to fulfill the found research gap through looking deeper into the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors of both entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. This led up to the following formulation of the research question: What are the main differences in motivation factors between successful entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs in Sweden? To answer this question, a qualitative study was conducted with the focus on gaining more understanding on what intrinsic and extrinsic factors motivates entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. Participants in the study were found based on criteria such as working in Sweden and being considered as successful through nominations or rewards. Data collection was done through using semi-structured interviews with five entrepreneurs and five intrapreneurs with the focus on finding motivational factors and typical personal characteristics related to their line of work. Since we found similar motivational factors in our chosen theories, it was decided that they would be used in the interviews. These factors were; Monetary reward, Challenges, Training, Acknowledgement, Affiliation, Power and Accomplishment.  Results show that the entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs have differences in their motivational factors both among the individuals within each title, as well as between the titles. The motivational factors found were paired with definitions of factors from the theories. Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs were also found and connected to theories about personal characteristics. The analyzed answers of intrapreneurs’ and entrepreneurs’ motivational factors were compared against each other to see if the motivational factors differ between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. The conclusion of this study is that for the extrinsic motivational factors, the entrepreneurs are more motivated by monetary rewards than the intrapreneurs and challenges motivates the intrapreneurs more than the entrepreneurs. For the intrinsic factors, power was more motivating for the entrepreneurs and more intrapreneurs saw acknowledgement as motivating. The factors which had no differences were concluded to not being related to being an entrepreneur or intrapreneur.

Genom en holistisk syn, med utgångspunkt i vår uppfattning av entreprenörskap var från uppväxten gav vi oss ut på en så kallad Heffaklumpsjakt för att utveckla vår förförståelse för entreprenören. Via en kvadrohermeneutisk utgångspunkt och en abduktiv forskningsprocess tolkades tre livsberättelser med vad vi såg som riktiga entreprenörer. Utifrån livsberättelserna upptäckte vi egenskaper/beteenden som var viktiga för entreprenörernas framgång. De var oberoende, beslutsfattare, innovatörer, tävlare, människokännare och mentorer spelade roll för dem. Hur dessa egenskaper gav sig uttryck skilde sig hos de tre entreprenörerna. Vi insåg att det är orättvist att koppla egenskaperna till individer, egenskaperna är så pass breda och kan passa in på individer som inte direkt är entreprenörer. Däremot kan vi se att framkomna beteenden kan ge en god grund till entreprenörskap, men de är inte måsten hos en entreprenör. / Through a holistic outlook from out childhood and what we thought entrepreneurship was we tried to grasp the so called Heffalump. In that way we, were going to develop our preunderstanding about the entrepreneur. With a quadro-hermeneutics standpoint and an abductive research process three life stories were made with what we perceived as true entrepreneurs. From their life stories we came across characteristics/behaviours that were important for the success of the entrepreneurs. They were independent, decision makers, innovators, competitors, had high social skills and had help from mentors. These characteristics/behaviour expressed themselves in different manners with the entrepreneurs. We realized it would not be fair to connect them generally to all entrepreneurs since they are so wide and can fit many different types of people. We did, however realize that they instead of a requirement could make a good foundation for entrepreneurship.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-19T13:14:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1491613 bytes, checksum: 9de4035fbe88f73c6659214121d2dd0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T13:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1491613 bytes, checksum: 9de4035fbe88f73c6659214121d2dd0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / This work aims at understanding the relation between suffering and pleasure of broker businessmen occur, considering the elements that they encounter in their daily work routine. This purpose is developed in specific objectives that focus on understanding how these entrepreneurs organize themselves in their work activity in order to face the problems related to their profession, in the following plans: their relation with the collective of profession and the systems of defence collectively established; the resources that they use to remain in the normal field and the moment that these resources reveal insufficiency; the forms of recognition or the lack of it, subordinates, clients and suppliers and the level of dynamic balance that the participant can achieve in relation to the activities demanded by the company and his private life, including the family. Ten insurance businessmen from the city of João Pessoa / PB participated in this study, who met the requirements of having at least five years of experience in business activity, being responsible for the administration of their companies and being Official Insurance Brokers, qualified by the Superintendence of Private Insurance (SUSEP). The theoretical framework that supported this study was the Psychodynamics of Work. Regarding the method, this research is characterized by being a field study, of a qualitative nature, comprising the following instruments: socio-demographic questionnaire, with the interviewee's professional data and a semi-structured interview. The analysis of the data was developed through the analysis of content snippet by themes. It was identified that despite working in solitude, the entrepreneur, as well as his employee, needs a collective environment to count on, even if it is a contestant; most of them have diseases that have been caused or aggravated by their work and that all of them have had stresses resulting from this activity. It was also verified that, in the struggle for normality, entrepreneurs use strategies to get out of suffering problems; the recognition of their work has fundamental importance for the performance of their activity and that in the company / family relationship there is no classic separation between work and non-work, since the company not only interferes in the family, but is part of it. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral compreender como se configura a relação sofrimento e prazer dos empresários corretores de seguros diante dos elementos que enfrentam em seu dia a dia de trabalho. Tal propósito se desdobra em objetivos específicos que pretendem compreender como esses empresários se organizam em sua atividade de trabalho para o enfrentamento de problemas inerentes à sua profissão, nos seguintes planos: de sua relação com o coletivo de profissão e os sistemas de defesa coletivamente erigidos; dos recursos que utilizam para manter-se no campo da normalidade e em que momento tais recursos se mostram insuficientes; das formas de reconhecimento ou a falta dele por parte de seus pares, subordinados, clientes e fornecedores; do nível de equilíbrio dinâmico que o participante consegue ter entre as atividades demandadas pela sua empresa e pela sua vida particular, incluindo aí, a família. Participaram deste estudo dez empresários do ramo de seguros da cidade de João Pessoa/PB, os quais atenderam os pré-requisitos de terem no mínimo cinco anos de experiência na atividade empresarial, serem responsáveis pela administração de suas empresas e serem Corretores Oficiais de Seguros, devidamente habilitados pela Superintendência de Seguros Privados (SUSEP). O aporte teórico que embasou este estudo foi a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Quanto ao método, esta pesquisa se caracteriza por ser um estudo de campo, de natureza qualitativa, no qual foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sócio demográfico, questionário com os dados profissionais do entrevistado e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados, a perspectiva adotada foi a análise de conteúdo com recortes por temas. Constatou-se que apesar de trabalhar na solidão, o empresário, assim como seu funcionário, necessita de um coletivo para poder contar, mesmo que este seja formado pelos seus concorrentes; que a maioria deles tem doenças que foram causadas ou agravadas em virtude do seu trabalho e que todos já tiveram quadros de estresses decorrentes desta atividade. Verificou-se ainda que, na luta pela normalidade os empresários utilizam estratégias para sair do quadro de sofrimento; que o reconhecimento do seu trabalho é de fundamental importância para o desempenho da sua atividade, e que na relação empresa/família não existe a separação clássica entre dentro-do-trabalho e fora-dotrabalho, uma vez que, a empresa não só interfere na família, mas faz parte da mesma.