Spelling suggestions: "subject:"entropia""
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Zoneamento-antrópico-ambiental do município de Iporã do Oeste-SC: contribuição para a reflexão e tomada de decisões no âmbito das microbacias hidrográficas / The zoning-entropicenvironmental for the Municipal district of Iporã of West-SC: contribution to the refletion and guiding the decisions-making on the hydrographic micro basin areasRosangela Lurdes Spironello 28 January 2008 (has links)
Dentre, os mecanismos voltados ao planejamento ambiental na atualidade e possíveis de serem implantados na gestão territorial, o Zoneamento-Antrópico- Ambiental tem se mostrado como um instrumento estratégico nas tomadas de decisões, o qual busca compatibilizar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e manter ou preservar a qualidade ambiental de um determinado território. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de Zoneamento- Antrópico-Ambiental para o Município de Iporã do Oeste-SC, a partir da caracterização e análise dos fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais juntamente com as perspectivas da população local. O embasamento teórico foi fundamentado na abordagem sistêmica. Metodologicamente a pesquisa centrou-se na proposta de Libault (1971), o qual aborda os quatro níveis da pesquisa geográfica. Para a elaboração do Zoneamento-Antrópico-Ambiental do Município de Iporã do Oeste-SC, foram delimitadas duas microbacias hidrográficas com base no Projeto Microbacias II, a microbacia hidrográfica do Lajeado Pirapó (MHLP) e a microbacia Hidrográfica do Lajeado Esperança, (MHLE), as quais apresentaram particularidades (relevo, uso da terra e localização) e relevância socioeconômica para o contexto local. Os resultados compreenderam a elaboração de diferentes produtos cartográficos (uso da terra, declividade, hipsometria, legislação e conflitos ambientais), confeccionados a partir do software Spring 4.2.1. Tais produtos foram sobrepostos gerando três zonas de uso e ocupação para ambas as microbacias. As zonas definidas foram: Zona de Uso e Ocupação Moderada (ZUOM); Zona de Uso e Ocupação Restrita (ZUOR) e Zona de Uso e Ocupação Controlada (ZUOC). A ZUOR predomina nas duas microbacias com um total de 54,66% de 2.176,09 ha da MHLP e, 41,96% de 2.823,85 da MHLE. A partir daí, cada zona foi caracterizada, destacando as potencialidades e limitações existentes, gerando um cenário atual e a incentivar, a partir das perspectivas ou projetos elencados pela população residente em cada microbacia. A proposta pretende contribuir para a discussão e a reflexão sobre as formas atuais e potenciais de uso e ocupação do espaço, orientando as tomadas de decisões por parte dos planejadores e pesquisadores, juntamente com a comunidade local, visando assim, o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e o equilíbrio do sistema socioambiental como um todo. / Among, the mechanisms returned to the environmental planning at the present time and possible of they be implanted in the territorial administration, the zoning-entropicenvironmental has shown as a strategic instrument in the decisions-making, which it looks for compatibiling the socioeconomic development and to maintain or to preserve the environmental quality of a certain territory. In that context, to present research it had as objective elaborates a proposal of Zoning-Entropic-environmental for the Municipal district of Iporã of West-SC, starting from the characterization and analysis of the socioeconomic and environmental factors together with the perspectives of the local population. The theoretical basement was based in the systemic approach. Methodologically the research was centered in the Libault proposal (1971), which approaches the four levels of the geographical research. For the elaboration of the Zoning-Entropic-environmental of the Municipal district of Iporã of West-SC, two micro basin hydrographic were delimited with base in the Micro basins Project II, the micro basin hydrographic of Lajeado Pirapó (MHLP) and the micro basin Hydrographic of the Lajeado Esperança, (MHLE), which presented particularities (relieve, earth using and location) and socioeconomic relevance for the local context. The results understood the elaboration of different cartographic products (earth using, steepness, hypsometry, legislation and environmental conflicts), made starting from the software Spring 4.2.1. Such products were put upon generating three use areas and occupation for both micro basins. The defined areas were: Use Area and Moderate Occupation (ZUOM); Use Area and Restricted Occupation (ZUOR) and Use Area and Controlled Occupation (ZUOC). ZUOR prevails in the two micro basins with a total of 54, 66% of 2.176,09 of the MHLP and, 41, and 96% of 2.823,85 of MHLE. Since then, each area was characterized, detaching the potentialities and existent limitations, generating a current scenery and to motivate, starting from the perspectives or developed projects for the resident population in each micro basin. The proposal intends to contribute for the discussion and the reflection about the current forms and use potentials and occupation of the space, guiding the decisions-making on the part of the planners and researchers, together with the local community, seeking like this, the socioeconomic development and the balance of the system socio-environmental as a completely.
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High Fidelity Detection of Defects in Polymer Films Using Surface-Modified NanoparticlesPratiwada, Chaitanya 29 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Computer Simulations of Resilin-like PeptidesPetrenko, Roman 13 April 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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EPR and the 'Passage' of TimeWeinert, Friedel 09 1900 (has links)
Yes / The essay revisits the puzzle of the ‘passage’ of time in relation to EPR-type measurements and asks what philosophical consequences can be drawn from them. Some argue that the lack of invariance of temporal order in the measurement of a space-like related EPR pair, under relativistic motion, casts serious doubts on the ‘reality’ of the lapse of time. Others argue that certain features of quantum mechanics establish a tensed theory of time – understood here as Possibilism or the growing block universe. The paper analyzes the employment of frame-invariant entropic clocks in a relativistic setting and argues that tenselessness does not imply timelessness. But this conclusion does not support a tensed theory of time, which requires a preferred foliation. It is argued that the only reliable inference from the EPR example and the use of entropic clocks is an inference not just to a Leibnizian order of the succession of events but a frame-invariant order according to some selected clocks.
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Teoria entrópica da nucleação e função entropia aplicadas à condensação do vapor d\'água / Entropic nucleation theory and entropy function applied to water vapor condensationPasqua, Norberto Helil 24 August 2007 (has links)
O fenômeno da nucleação é um processo intrinsecamente irreversível. A Teoria Entrópica da Nucleação (TEN) aborda-o analisando um processo reversível equivalente no qual há liberação de calor latente (variação da entalpia), concomitante a um rearranjo estrutural descrito pela variação da entropia antes e depois de certa quantidade de material ter nucleado. Para visualizar a dinâmica e facilitar a análise foi escolhido um processo isobárico. O diagrama de Mollier modificado para evidenciar a região metaestável ajudou a desenvolver uma expressão para o cálculo do tamanho do núcleo crítico, mediante a teoria da flutuação de Landau. Para analisar o sistema na região metaestável, obteve-se a função entropia, S(H,P0), em que aspectos físicos e geométricos (como o princípio de estabilidade termodinâmica) foram determinantes. Cálculos do núcleo crítico em relação à temperatura mostraram concordância qualitativa com o trabalho de Dillmann-Meier. Porém, entende-se que a função do núcleo crítico está incompleta. Para lidar com aglomerados e núcleos em uma abordagem termodinâmica, um ensemble a pressão constante é o mais apropriado, cuja variável conjugada é o volume. Com base em uma teoria das flutuações isotérmicas em um fluido ideal (Koper-Reiss), desenvolveu-se a teoria das flutuações não-isotérmicas (Mokross), aplicável a um fluido não-ideal metaestável mantido a pressão e temperatura constantes. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos do elemento de volume que flutua mudam e diferem daqueles do banho, e evolvem acordando com a equação de estado S=S(H,P). / The phenomenon of nucleation is an intrinsically irreversible process. The nucleation is explored by the Entropic Nucleation Theory (ENT), in which, the irreversible process is replaced by an equivalent one, although now, the process is reversible in which there is a change in the enthalpy, and also an structural rearrangement coded in the change of de entropy. To study the dynamics and perform the analysis an isobaric process was chosen. The metastable region was used to develop an expression for the calculation of size of the critical nucleus, having in mind the Landau´s fluctuation theory. This region was obtained with the help of the modified Mollier diagram. The physical and geometric features of the system were crucial to obtain the entropy function, S(H,P0), used to analyze the metastable region. Calculations of the critical nucleus, with respect to the temperature, were in qualitative agreement with Dillmann-Meier work. Although, the function for the critical nucleus is incomplete. To handle with clusters and nucleus in a thermodynamic framework, a constant pressure assemble is preferable having the volume as the conjugated variable. With the help of the isothermal fluctuation theory, in an ideal fluid (Koper-Reiss), the non-isothermal fluctuation theory (Mokross) was developed, and used to study a non-ideal metastable fluid kept at constant pressure and temperature. The thermodynamics parameters of the fluctuating volume element change, differing from those of the bath, and the state equation, S=S(H,P) gives its evolution.
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Teoria entrópica da nucleação e função entropia aplicadas à condensação do vapor d\'água / Entropic nucleation theory and entropy function applied to water vapor condensationNorberto Helil Pasqua 24 August 2007 (has links)
O fenômeno da nucleação é um processo intrinsecamente irreversível. A Teoria Entrópica da Nucleação (TEN) aborda-o analisando um processo reversível equivalente no qual há liberação de calor latente (variação da entalpia), concomitante a um rearranjo estrutural descrito pela variação da entropia antes e depois de certa quantidade de material ter nucleado. Para visualizar a dinâmica e facilitar a análise foi escolhido um processo isobárico. O diagrama de Mollier modificado para evidenciar a região metaestável ajudou a desenvolver uma expressão para o cálculo do tamanho do núcleo crítico, mediante a teoria da flutuação de Landau. Para analisar o sistema na região metaestável, obteve-se a função entropia, S(H,P0), em que aspectos físicos e geométricos (como o princípio de estabilidade termodinâmica) foram determinantes. Cálculos do núcleo crítico em relação à temperatura mostraram concordância qualitativa com o trabalho de Dillmann-Meier. Porém, entende-se que a função do núcleo crítico está incompleta. Para lidar com aglomerados e núcleos em uma abordagem termodinâmica, um ensemble a pressão constante é o mais apropriado, cuja variável conjugada é o volume. Com base em uma teoria das flutuações isotérmicas em um fluido ideal (Koper-Reiss), desenvolveu-se a teoria das flutuações não-isotérmicas (Mokross), aplicável a um fluido não-ideal metaestável mantido a pressão e temperatura constantes. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos do elemento de volume que flutua mudam e diferem daqueles do banho, e evolvem acordando com a equação de estado S=S(H,P). / The phenomenon of nucleation is an intrinsically irreversible process. The nucleation is explored by the Entropic Nucleation Theory (ENT), in which, the irreversible process is replaced by an equivalent one, although now, the process is reversible in which there is a change in the enthalpy, and also an structural rearrangement coded in the change of de entropy. To study the dynamics and perform the analysis an isobaric process was chosen. The metastable region was used to develop an expression for the calculation of size of the critical nucleus, having in mind the Landau´s fluctuation theory. This region was obtained with the help of the modified Mollier diagram. The physical and geometric features of the system were crucial to obtain the entropy function, S(H,P0), used to analyze the metastable region. Calculations of the critical nucleus, with respect to the temperature, were in qualitative agreement with Dillmann-Meier work. Although, the function for the critical nucleus is incomplete. To handle with clusters and nucleus in a thermodynamic framework, a constant pressure assemble is preferable having the volume as the conjugated variable. With the help of the isothermal fluctuation theory, in an ideal fluid (Koper-Reiss), the non-isothermal fluctuation theory (Mokross) was developed, and used to study a non-ideal metastable fluid kept at constant pressure and temperature. The thermodynamics parameters of the fluctuating volume element change, differing from those of the bath, and the state equation, S=S(H,P) gives its evolution.
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Target Classification Based on Kinematics / Klassificering av flygande objekt med hjälp av kinematikHallberg, Robert January 2012 (has links)
Modern aircraft are getting more and better sensors. As a result of this, the pilots are getting moreinformation than they can handle. To solve this problem one can automate the information processingand instead provide the pilots with conclusions drawn from the sensor information. An aircraft’smovement can be used to determine which class (e.g. commercial aircraft, large military aircraftor fighter) it belongs to. This thesis focuses on comparing three classification schemes; a Bayesianclassification scheme with uniform priors, Transferable Belief Model and a Bayesian classificationscheme with entropic priors.The target is modeled by a jump Markov linear system that switches between different modes (flystraight, turn left, etc.) over time. A marginalized particle filter that spreads its particles over thepossible mode sequences is used for state estimation. Simulations show that the results from Bayesianclassification scheme with uniform priors and the Bayesian classification scheme with entropic priorsare almost identical. The results also show that the Transferable Belief Model is less decisive thanthe Bayesian classification schemes. This effect is argued to come from the least committed principlewithin the Transferable Belief Model. A fixed-lag smoothing algorithm is introduced to the filter andit is shown that the classification results are improved. The advantage of having a filter that remembersthe full mode sequence (such as the marginalized particle filter) and not just determines the currentmode (such as an interacting multiple model filter) is also discussed.
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Comparação entre distância entrópica e distância genética para análise de sequências de DNAPEDROSA, Lucemberg de Araújo 29 July 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Due to the large amount of data that is generated in the area of molecular genetics the need of new fast and precise methods for data analysis is increasingly needed. In the present study we discuss the concept of entropy to analyse DNA sequences, where the notion of entropic distance is defined. In order to check its efficiency the Mantel test was performed, which makes the correlation between the two distances matrices, the entropic distance and the genetic distance in which the Jukes - Cantor (JC69) distance. Nine types of genetic sequences were analysed, first the gene BoLA, where was conducted a more detailed study, showing a descriptive statistics and performing the dendograms. Subsequently sequences of larger size were analyzed, the stingless bees Melipona quinquefasciata, and finaly a much larger sequence, the chromosome 5 of Homo Sapiens. 6 simulations were also conducted to verify the behavior of results, in each of these three analysis the alignment was performed before the JC69 distance. It was possible to obtain good results when used the conditional entropy, which was introduced the concept of entropy in blocks, the method proved to be more effective in very long sequences. / Diante da grande quantidade de dados que é gerada na área da genética molecular, sente-se cada vez mais a necessidade de novos métodos para análise dos dados de maneira rápida e precisa. Assim, no presente estudo abordamos o conceito de entropia para análise de sequências de DNA, onde utiliza-se a distância entrópica. Para verificar a sua eficiência foi realizado o teste de Mantel, que faz a correlação entre as duas matrizes de distâncias, a distância entrópica e a distância genética, na qual foi utilizada a distância de Jukes – Cantor (JC69). Foram analisadas nove tipos de sequências genéticas, primeiramente o gene BoLA, onde foi realizado um estudo mais detalhado, mostrando uma estatística descritiva e realizando os dendogramas. Posteriormente analisamos sequências de tamanho maiores, que foram as abelhas sem ferrão Melipona quinquefasciata, e em seguida analisamos sequências muito maiores, o cromossomo 5 do Homo Sapiens. Foram realizadas também 6 simulações para verificar o comportamento dos resultados, em cada uma dessas nove análises foi realizado o alinhamento antes da distância de JC69. Foi possível obter bons resultados quando utilizou-se entropia condicional, onde foi introduzido o conceito de entropia em blocos, o método mostrou ser mais eficiente em sequências de grande comprimento.
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Entropická degenerace demokracie a její modelování / Entropic Degeneration of DemocracyBernat, Lukáš January 2009 (has links)
Democracy is always included in the discourse ?ver the theme of freedom and it is almost always considered an integral part of social order. In this context, it is a balance between freedom and power. Such discourses, however, view democracy as a political ideal and the real applications often run into democratic influences and social barriers of degenerative nature. These barriers leave nothing but the torso under the formal guise of democratic principles. This thesis unravels the influences and barriers that interfere with the application of the ideal of democracy. In this context, the technological development with which the dynamics of both social and political order changes, cannot be ignored. Based on the pieces of information about what kind of threat the degenerative effects of democracy represent, the thesis searches for such attributes, on the basis of which it is possible to construct a model of the entropic degeneration of democracy.
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Classical & quantum dynamics of information and entanglement properties of fermion systemsZander, Claudia 13 February 2012 (has links)
Due to their great importance, both from the fundamental and from the practical points of view, it is imperative that the various facets of the concepts of information and entanglement are explored systematically in connection with diverse physical systems and processes. These concepts are at the core of the emerging field of the Physics of Information. In this Thesis I investigate some aspects of the dynamics of information in both classical and quantum mechanical systems and then move on to explore entanglement in fermion systems by searching for novel ways to classify and quantify entanglement in fermionic systems. In Chapter 1 a brief review of the different information and entropic measures as well as of the main evolution equations of classical dynamical and quantum mechanical systems is given. The conservation of information as a fundamental principle both at the classical and quantum levels, and the implications of Landauer's theorem are discussed in brief. An alternative and more intuitive proof of the no-broadcasting theorem is also provided. Chapter 2 is a background chapter on quantum entanglement, where the differences between the concept of entanglement in systems consisting of distinguishable subsystems and the corresponding concept in systems of identical fermions are emphasized. Different measures of entanglement and relevant techniques such as majorization, are introduced. To illustrate some of the concepts reviewed here I discuss the entanglement properties of an exactly soluble many-body model which was studied in paper (E) of the publication list corresponding to the present Thesis. An alternative approach to the characterization of quantum correlations, based on perturbations under local measurements, is also briefly reviewed. The use of uncertainty relations as entanglement indicators in composite systems having distinguishable subsystems is then examined in some detail. Chapter 3 is based on papers (A) and (B) of the list of publications. Extended Landauer-like principles are developed, based amongst others on the conservation of information of divergenceless dynamical systems. Conservation of information within the framework of general probabilistic theories, which include the classical and quantum mechanical probabilities as particular instances, is explored. Furthermore, Zurek's information transfer theorem and the no-deleting theorem are generalized. Chapter 4 is based on articles (C) and (D) mentioned in the publication list, and investigates several separability criteria for fermions. Criteria for the detection of entanglement are developed based either on the violation of appropriate uncertainty relations or on inequalities involving entropic measures. Chapter 5 introduces an approach for the characterization of quantum correlations (going beyond entanglement) in fermion systems based upon the state disturbances generated by the measurement of local observables. Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions drawn in the previous chapters. The work leading up to this Thesis has resulted in five publications in peer reviewed science research journals. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Physics / unrestricted
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