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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizFDPN_DISSERT.pdf: 2209793 bytes, checksum: abf28b0dea288454043f2a92ced47d86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Environmental issues are becoming increasingly habitual to the media, particularly when calamities are involved. A feature of environmental disasters is that they disclose both environmental crises and the media limitation in reporting them. The research tried to contribute to the subject through the study of press media coverage of a large fish kill along an estuary in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in 2007. Thematic content analysis of newspaper reports identified the predominance of a superficial and denunciative coverage, lacking an educational perspective, and with little contribution to formation of a critical sense in readers. It also has identified the precarious treatment of those scientific concepts that could substantiate the actual causes of mortality of tons of aquatic fauna / A m?dia tem evidenciado de forma crescente a quest?o ambiental, principalmente em situa??es de desastres. Nessas ocasi?es, a imprensa, al?m de expor a degrada??o do meio ambiente, revela suas pr?prias limita??es para abordar o tema. A pesquisa buscou dar uma contribui??o ao assunto, por meio do estudo da cobertura jornal?stica realizada pela m?dia impressa de um evento que envolveu a mortandade de peixes no estu?rio do rio Potengi, em Natal-RN, no ano de 2007. A an?lise de conte?do jornal?stico identificou a predomin?ncia de uma cobertura superficial, denunciativa e com raras abordagens educativas, contribuindo pouco para a forma??o do senso cr?tico dos leitores. Identificou tamb?m o tratamento prec?rio dos conceitos cient?ficos capazes de fundamentar os reais motivos relacionados ? mortandade de toneladas de fauna aqu?tica

Submitted by Mirian Albert Pires (mirianalbert@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-26T17:23:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial - O caso Mariana - Tese - Mirian - Final.pdf: 2700004 bytes, checksum: 478a9b4de7ac44c898648f186318d969 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-07-30T18:56:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial - O caso Mariana - Tese - Mirian - Final.pdf: 2700004 bytes, checksum: 478a9b4de7ac44c898648f186318d969 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T14:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial - O caso Mariana - Tese - Mirian - Final.pdf: 2700004 bytes, checksum: 478a9b4de7ac44c898648f186318d969 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-27 / Esse trabalho investigou o tema Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial, a partir de um estudo de caso relativo ao desastre ambiental causado pela Samarco Mineração S.A. ao município de Mariana-MG, que impactou todas as cidades localizadas na região dos rios Gualaxo do Norte, do Carmo e Doce. Diante dessas considerações, apresentou como objetivo geral o propósito de constatar se a identificação social com a Samarco Mineração S.A., que surge em função dos benefícios econômicos proporcionados por ela a alguns municípios, reduz a atribuição de culpa dessa empresa e a intenção punitiva de um evento de irresponsabilidade social, além de gerar impacto para demais atribuições e sentimentos que possam surgir nos indivíduos-alvo da investigação. Alguns modelos teóricos forneceram subsídios para a testagem de dois modelos empíricos que foram testados e possibilitaram alcançar esse objetivo. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, adotando a técnica do estudo de caso, aplicando um questionário com 1616 moradores de cinco cidades afetadas pelo desastre, coletado presencialmente na sua maior parte. Os dados de cada cidade foram analisados com o uso da modelagem de equações estruturais, com auxílio do software Stata versão 14, e posteriormente os resultados de cada cidade foram comparados entre si. Com relação a esses resultados, o modelo relacionando os benefícios econômicos e a Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial, ajustado com base nas sugestões do modification indices, gerou resultados estatísticos com um bom ajuste considerando os indicadores apresentados. Como conclusão desse modelo, foi possível constatar que os benefícios para a economia local afetaram negativamente a intenção punitiva dos moradores das cidades de Anchieta-ES, Guarapari-ES e Mariana-MG, cidades essas que eram beneficiadas economicamente pela Samarco Mineração S.A. Além disso, foi identificado por intermédio desse modelo que, para as cidades de Anchieta-ES, Colatina-ES, Guarapari-ES, Linhares-ES e Mariana-MG, a severidade/gravidade do evento afetou positivamente a atribuição de culpa à empresa; e a intenção punitiva afetou positivamente a intenção de fazer comentários negativos à mineradora. Quanto ao modelo dos sentimentos negativos relacionados à Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial, que também foi ajustado com base nas sugestões do modification indices, os resultados estatísticos evidenciaram um bom ajuste de acordo com os indicadores apurados. Como conclusão desse segundo modelo, foi verificado que a ganância afetou positivamente a percepção de falta de integridade da empresa, que, por sua vez afetou de forma positiva a sensação de ultraje moral, que, na sequência, gerou efeito positivo sobre os comentários negativos dos indivíduos pesquisados. Houve uma contribuição no sentido de evidenciar os processos da sociedade que contribuem para a existência e manutenção da Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial. Foram apresentadas as discussões para esses resultados, bem como as contribuições teóricas, metodológicas e práticas do estudo, além da proposição de uma agenda futura de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema irresponsabilidade social empresarial. / This study explores the issue of Corporate Social Irresponsibility, using a case study on the environmental disaster caused by Samarco Mineração SA in the municipality of Mariana-MG, which impacted all cities located in the region of the rivers Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce. The main objective was to determine whether the social identification of the affected population with Samarco Mineração SA – built based on the economic benefits of the company for the municipalities in the region – reduces the blame attribution and the punitive intention towards the company because of the event of social irresponsibility. And to see whether this social identification impacts on other attributions and feelings that may be observed in the population targeted in the study. Some theoretical models supported the testing of two empirical models that were applied and contributed to achieve the study’s objective. As for the methodology, it is a quantitative study using a case study and applying a questionnaire with 1,616 inhabitants of five cities affected by the disaster, collected mostly in person. The data in each city were analyzed using structured equation modeling processed through the software Stata 14. The results for each of the cities were then compared. Regarding the results, the model relating the economic benefits and the Corporate Social Irresponsibility (adjusted based on the suggestions of the modification indices), generated statistical results with a good adjustment considering the indicators presented. The conclusion, considering this first model, is that the benefits to the local economy negatively affected the punitive intention of the residents of the municipalities of Anchieta-ES, Guarapari-ES and Mariana-MG, benefited economically by Samarco Mineração SA. In addition, it was possible to observe that, for the cities Anchieta-ES, Colatina-ES, Guarapari-ES, Linhares-ES and Mariana-MG, the severity of the event positively affected the blame attribution towards the company; and the punitive intention positively affected the intention of making negative comments to the mining company. As for the model of negative feelings related to Corporate Social Irresponsibility, which was also adjusted based on the suggestions of the modification indices, the statistical results showed a good adjustment according to the indicators presented. The conclusion, considering this second model, is that the perception of greed on the part of the company positively affected the perception around its lack of integrity, which in turn positively affected the feeling of moral outrage, and had a positive effect on the negative comments of the participants. It was possible to highlight the processes of society that contribute to the existence and maintenance of Corporate Social Irresponsibility. The results are discussed considering theoretical, methodological and practical contributions of the study and an agenda for future research is proposed in order to explore the issue of corporate social irresponsibility.

La communauté internationale considère certaines personnes déplacées comme étant des migrants irréguliers. Cette étude démontre le caractère contraint du départ pour trois catégories de personnes, à savoir les personnes fuyant les conséquences aveugles d’un conflit armé international ou non international, les personnes fuyant les catastrophes environnementales de causes anthropiques ou naturelles et les personnes fuyant une situation économique ou sociale désastreuse. L’approche catégorielle classique du droit international public ne permet pas de garantir une protection à ces personnes. Aucun statut particulier ne leur étant attribué, ces personnes se trouvent dans une situation de vulnérabilité. De quelle manière est-il alors possible d’assurer une protection effective à ces personnes vulnérables déplacées ? Actuellement, la plupart des Etats s’inscrivent dans une démarche sécuritaire, contrôlant strictement la gestion des flux migratoires et appliquant peu ou prou les instruments juridiques internationaux protecteurs. Une complémentarité des différents régimes juridiques (droit international des réfugiés, droit international humanitaire, droit international des droits de l’homme) est par conséquent nécessaire et une interprétation extensive des textes existants est recommandée. Pour pallier les insuffisances du droit positif, le recours à la notion de vulnérabilité, transversale à ces diverses situations, est invoqué, permettant ainsi de dépasser l’approche catégorielle classique. Pas encore reconnue comme une source du droit international, la notion est devenue, depuis quelques années, incontournable sur la scène internationale. Elle apparaît ponctuellement dans les textes conventionnels et est fréquemment utilisée dans les instruments de droit mou. Prise en compte progressivement par les jurisprudences internationales et régionales, mais aussi par la doctrine, elle figure allègrement dans le discours des organisations humanitaires et des médias. Le développement de la notion de vulnérabilité en droit mou, précisément en des lignes directrices garantirait une meilleure protection des personnes déplacées vulnérables permettant de prévenir le déplacement, d’octroyer un statut temporaire ou définitif ou encore de fournir des conditions d’accueil dignes dans les Etats ou les régions hôtes. Ces lignes directrices servant de guide aux Etats laissent envisager par la suite l’adoption de règles contraignantes protectrices de ces personnes déplacées. La distinction entre personnes vulnérables déplacées et personnes particulièrement vulnérables doit également être prise en compte à ce stade. De surcroît, il convient d’engager la responsabilité des auteurs ayant contribué au déplacement contraint ou ayant commis des exactions sur ces personnes déplacées devant des instances judiciaires internationales, régionales ou encore nationales pour lutter contre l’impunité. En conséquence, une réparation juste pour le préjudice subi doit être garantie à ces personnes. / The international community considers some displaced persons as irregular migrants. This study demonstrates that the departure is undeniably forced concerning three groups of people : the persons fleeing blind violence and the collateral effects of an international or non international armed conflict, the persons fleeing man-made or natural environmental disasters, and the persons fleeing difficult economical or social situations. The classical approach of public international law based on distinct categories does not guarantee effective protection to these persons. As no particular international status is given to these persons, they are in a situation of vulnerability. In which way an effective protection could be a guarantee to these vulnerable displaced persons? Currently, most of the States defend a safe approach, strictly controlling the management of migration flows and applying more or less protective international legal instruments. Complementarity of different legal systems (international refugee law, international humanitarian law, international law of human rights) is therefore necessary and a broad interpretation of existing texts is recommended. To overcome the shortcomings of positive law, the use of the concept of vulnerability, crossing different situations, is invoked, in order to exceed the traditional categorical approach. Not yet recognised as a source of international law, the term “vulnerability” has become an essential notion on the international scene in recent years. It appears occasionally in conventional instruments and is frequently used in soft law. It has been gradually developed through the international and regional jurisprudence and also by the doctrine. The discourse of humanitarian organizations and the media often refers to the notion. The development of the concept of vulnerability in soft law, specifically in the shape of guidelines would ensure a better protection of vulnerable displaced persons. In this regard, guidelines could prevent people fleeing, grant a temporary or a permanent status and provide dignified reception conditions in the host States or regions. This instrument of soft law would be used as a guide for States subsequent to the adoption of protective binding rules. The distinction between vulnerable displaced persons and particularly vulnerable persons has to be taken into account at this stage. Furthermore, the responsibility of the authors who have contributed to the forced displacement or who have committed atrocities against the displaced persons should be brought before the international, regional or national judicial authorities, in order to fight against impunity. Consequently, a fair compensation for the damage suffered must be guaranteed to these persons.