A qualidade dos espaços livres públicos e das áreas verdes na paisagem urbana requer políticas do poder público que assegurem a manutenção e o desenvolvimento de suas potencialidades e conservação para o usufruto dos citadinos. O objetivo principal foi avaliar o sistema de espaços livres e a qualidade ambiental das áreas verdes dos Distritos Anchieta e Baeta Neves no município de São Bernardo do Campo (SP), considerando suas funções ecológicas, estéticas e de lazer. A metodologia de avaliação da qualidade das áreas verdes adotou indicadores ambientais e sociais selecionados (cobertura vegetal, permeabilidade do solo e recreação). A análise e sistematização desses indicadores para cada área verde dentro dos setores censitários dos distritos estudados permitiu o estabelecimento do índice de qualidade das áreas verdes (IQAV), para medição, acompanhamento e avaliação permanente dessas áreas verdes. Pode-se constatar que 57% das áreas verdes do Distrito Anchieta, apresentaram valores médios do IQAV e 43% valores altos do IQAV, não havendo um caso de baixa qualidade nesse Distrito. No Distrito Baeta Neves, 69% das áreas verdes têm valores médios do IQAV, 25% têm valores altos do IQAV e 6% têm valores baixos do IQAV. Todas as áreas verdes dos dois distritos se localizam fora do domínio de setores censitários com alta densidade demográfica (acima de 400 hab./ha) e apresentam condições de melhoria da paisagem urbana pela aplicação de avaliação dos indicadores de qualidade das áreas verdes (IQAV) e do planejamento ambiental em áreas urbanas do município. / The quality of the public open spaces and the green areas of the urban landscape require governmental policies which ensure the maintenance and the development of their potentialities and conservation for the citizens usufruct. The main objective was to evaluate the open space system and the environmental quality of the green areas of the districts Anchieta and Baeta Neves in São Bernardo do Campo (SP), considering their functions regarding leisure, ecology and aesthetics. The methodology used in the quality evaluation of the green areas adopted selected social and environmental indicators (vegetation cover, permeable of soil and recreation). The analysis and the systematization of these indicators for each green area inside the census sectors of the studied districts allowed the establishment of the quality index of the green areas for measurement, follow-up and permanent evaluation. In the green areas of Anchieta district it is possible to verify that 57% of it presented IQAV medium values, 43% high and no low was found. In Baeta Neves district, the results were: 69% had medium values, 25% high and 6% low. All the green areas of both districts are located in the census sectors dominion with high population density (above 400 inhabitants per ha) and present improvements on the urban landscape through the index (IQAV) previously mentioned and the environmental planning in urban areas of the district.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-10T14:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T11:38:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / As características do espaço urbano, em suas dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, e as práticas de planejamento urbano podem afetar o bem-estar e a saúde da população. Por esse motivo o entorno físico do local de moradia tem sido objeto de estudo em várias áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, apesar do crescente interesse nesse tema, o estudo do impacto dos atributos urbanos de uma unidade de contexto ainda é pouco desenvolvido. Como objeto de estudo temos duas Regiões Urbanas (RU) da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG selecionadas por terem Índices de Desenvolvimento Social (IDS) semelhantes, e dados de saúde diferentes: a RU Esplanada possui baixos índices de internação, enquanto a RU Vila Furtado de Menezes, ao contrário, possui altos índices. Desta forma, a investigação avança para o campo do urbanismo a fim de se verificar se os atributos físicos das regiões urbanas poderiam indicar a diferença entre a sua saúde urbana. Portanto a intenção desta pesquisa é analisar o ambiente urbano de maneira comparativa, visando a avaliação do espaço urbano e qualidade ambiental que justifique a diferença entre os dados de saúde. Quanto aos procedimentos, este trabalho se configura como uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e exploratória que utiliza tanto métodos qualitativos quanto quantitativos para permitir uma ampla abordagem do objeto de estudo, que se utilizou de levantamentos bibliográficos, levantamentos documentais e levantamentos físicos. O elevado número de ferramentas e análises feitas neste trabalho foram capazes de eliminar vieses e de apontar direções para a continuidade das pesquisas, já que diante da efetiva comparação dos resultados entre as ferramentas aplicadas, os dois bairros se mostraram semelhantes no que diz respeito as qualificações urbanísticas. Uma alternativa a essa questão é buscar a contribuição de outras áreas do conhecimento para possibilitar novas abordagens do objeto de estudo. / The characteristics of urban space in its environmental, social and economic, and urban planning practices can affect the welfare and health of the population. Therefore, physical surroundings of residences have been studied in various fields of knowledge. However, despite the increasing interest in this subject, the study of the impact of urban attributes of a context of unity in public health is still poorly developed. For that reason, the intent of this research is to analyze the urban environment comparatively, assessing urban space and environmental quality, and its relation to health. Two Urban Regions (RU) in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG were selected as object of this study for having Social Development Index (IDS) similar and different health data: the RU Esplanada has low commitment levels, while the RU Vila Furtado de Menezes, in contrast, has higher rates. Thus, the research advances to the urban planning field in order to verify whether the physical attributes of urban areas can indicate the difference between urban health. As for the procedures, this work is configured as a descriptive and exploratory research using both qualitative and quantitative methods to allow a broader approach to the object of study. Literature surveys, documentary surveys and physical surveys were used. The high number of tools and analyzes in this study were able to eliminate bias and have pointed directions for further studies. Comparing the results among the tools applied, the two neighborhoods were similar regarding the urbanistic qualifications. An alternative to this is to seek in a multidisciplinary way, contributions of other areas of knowledge and insights in support for new research directions. The indicative results from such studies can guide efforts to intervene in the environment where people live, in order to promote behavioral changes that improve the quality of life and health.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T15:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTACAO- Afranio Costa Filho.pdf: 5723320 bytes, checksum: 060ea1fd83c6bd8cf487e7779852f12c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T20:24:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTACAO- Afranio Costa Filho.pdf: 5723320 bytes, checksum: 060ea1fd83c6bd8cf487e7779852f12c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T20:24:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTACAO- Afranio Costa Filho.pdf: 5723320 bytes, checksum: 060ea1fd83c6bd8cf487e7779852f12c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-20 / A qualidade da água de uma bacia hidrográfica pode ser afetada por diversos fatores, como clima, cobertura vegetal, geologia, topografia, uso e manejo do solo da bacia. Na bacia do arroio Chasqueiro, município de Arroio Grande-RS, a agricultura está entre os principais fatores de transformação da qualidade ambiental. As hipóteses deste trabalho são de que as áreas de preservação permanente, nesta bacia, não estão sendo respeitadas e de que ocorrem impactos relevantes nesta área. Este trabalho teve como objetivos, a análise dos impactos ambientais, através de sua identificação e avaliação, nos meios físico, biológico e antrópico, ocasionados pelas atividades potencialmente poluidoras na bacia hidrográfica do arroio Chasqueiro e levantamento de dados e análise da situação das matas ciliares e nascentes. Foi verificado que, na bacia estudada, as áreas naturais no entorno das nascentes encontradas à montante da barragem do Chasqueiro, estão atualmente preservadas, mas com áreas de vegetação nativa reduzidas, em relação ao que seria considerado ideal para a conservação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente, fazendo-se necessária a recomposição da mata ciliar em diversos pontos do arroio. Considerando a análise dos impactos ambientais na bacia hidrográfica, através da matriz de interação, conforme magnitude e importância dos impactos, conclui-se que o impacto ambiental das atividades potencialmente poluidoras na bacia hidrográfica do arroio Chasqueiro, é alto, sendo necessária a adoção de medidas mitigadoras e compensatórias, a fim de restabelecer o equilíbrio ambiental, nesta bacia hidrográfica. / The water quality of a watershed can be affected by several factors, such as climate, vegetation cover, geology, topography, use and management of the basin. In the Chasqueiro stream basin, municipality of Arroio Grande-RS, agriculture is among the main factors of transformation of environmental quality. The hypotheses of this work are that the areas of permanent preservation in this basin are not being respected and that there are relevant impacts in this area. The objective of this work was to analyze the environmental impacts on physical, biological and anthropic environment caused by potentially polluting activities in the Chasqueiro river basin and to collect data and analyze the situation of riparian forests and springs. It was verified that, in the studied basin, the natural areas around the springs found upstream of the Chasqueiro dam are presently preserved, but with reduced native vegetation, compared to what would be considered ideal for the conservation of Permanent Preservation Areas, Making necessary the restoration of the ciliary forest in several points of the stream. Considering the analysis of the environmental impacts in the river basin, through the interaction matrix, according to the magnitude and importance of the impacts, it is concluded that the environmental impact of potentially polluting activities in the Chasqueiro river basin is high, and it is necessary to adopt mitigating and compensatory measures in order to restore the environmental balance in this watershed.

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une modélisation de la réaction à un nudge (basé sur l'annonce de la contribution socialement optimale), dans le cadre de la régulation environnementale. Nous comparons l'efficacité de cet instrument à celle d'une taxe. Nous testons les prédictions théoriques obtenues à l'aide d'une expérience en laboratoire. Nous montrons que la réaction à notre nudge dépend de la sensibilité environnementale des sujets, contrairement à la taxe. Dans une autre expérience, nous testons la persistance des effets de ces instruments sur le long terme. Nous considérons également la mise en place d'un instrument mixte (taxe et nudge), afin de faire prendre conscience aux sujets (à l'aide du nudge) qu'ils sont taxés, car leur comportement n'est pas optimal. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étendons l'analyse précédente en considérant des agents arrangés dans des réseaux fixes, et nous analysons les conséquences de la mise en place de notre nudge sur les équilibres de contribution. / In this thesis, we propose to mode! individuals' reaction to a nudge, based on the announcement of the socially optimal contribution. We want to compare the efficiency of this incentive, with the efficiency of a tax to improve environmental quality. We test the theoretical predictions we obtained in a laboratory experiment. We show that the reaction to our nudge depends on subjects' environmental sensitivity, contrary to the tax. ln a second experiment, we test the existence of persistent effects of these two instruments in the long term. We also consider a mix tool (tax and nudge), to raise subjects' awareness (with the nudge) that they are taxed because their behaviour is not optimal. ln the last chapter, we extend our analysis considering agents arranged in fixed networks. We analyze how the equilibria are shaped under the implementation of our nudge.

Orientadores: Emilia Rutkowski, Orlando Fontes Lima Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_MariaAparecida_M.pdf: 4917113 bytes, checksum: d1bbe941b7749939d66f2c62600f863d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: As Universidades, pelas suas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão desempenham papel importante na promoção da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento da sociedade. No século XX, em sua última década, um número representativo de universidades implementou políticas ambientais ou processos de planejamento e gestão ambiental em seus campi. Esses processos se fundamentaram em princípios de minimização de impactos, conservação e uso adequado dos recursos naturais, obediência à legislação ambiental, proteção do meio e da biodiversidade, conscientização com motivação e comprometimento ambiental da comunidade universitária. Os programas e políticas propostas para as universidades, internacionais e nacionais, em seus macro-objetivos se compromissaram com a sustentabilidade do meio, estabelecendo um conjunto de indicadores - ambientais, sociais, institucionais e econômicos - como instrumentos de avaliação de seus campi. o presente trabalho pretende explorar a possibilidade de avaliar a qualidade ambiental de campi universitários através de indicadores ecológicos e sócio-econômicos com base na metodologia Battelle. Como estudo de caso a metodologia foi aplicada, com as adaptações necessárias, para avaliar a qualidade ambiental da Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz campus de Barão Geraldo da Unicam / Abstract: Universities have an important role to promote the sustainability of society's development. In the last decade of the 20th Century, environmental policies were implemented by an expressive number of universities. These processes were based on impacts minimization, natural resources conservation, obedience to the environmental legislation, biocomplexity protection, conscientiousness and motivation of their community to environmental commitments. The universities programs and policies aim environmental sustainability, establishing a set of indicators to evaluate their campuses. The present work intends to examine the universities environmental quality through Battelle Methodology. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", the campus of UNICAMP at Barão Geraldo district of Campinas/SP (Brasil), is the case of study of the present work / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

[pt] Dentre os elementos ambientais existentes no local de trabalho de escritórios, a cor é um dos que pode provocar sensações e promover o bem estar emocional. Esta pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que os profissionais de arquitetura não utilizam uma metodologia que se ocupe da análise das atividades em situações reais de trabalho para a concepção de projetos cromáticos. Dessa forma este trabalho dividiu-se em duas etapas: a primeira parte conceitual, pretendeu apresentar um panorama geral do estado da arte dos conceitos relacionados ao tema. A segunda parte correspondeu a uma pesquisa de campo onde buscou-se ouvir a voz dos usuários-trabalhadores de um local de trabalho de escritório, que teve seu ambiente totalmente reformado, inclusive com alterações cromáticas e também, ouviu-se a voz dos profissionais de arquitetura, a respeito de seus conhecimentos acerca da ergonomia e seus procedimentos metodológicos para a elaboração de projetos cromáticos para locais de trabalho. A partir da análise dos resultados foi possível confirmar a hipótese dessa pesquisa e concluir que a Ergonomia Ambiental, por focar na análise do homem realizando o seu trabalho, apresenta-se como um método de intervenção em locais de trabalho capaz de suprir algumas das falhas conceituais das metodologias usuais de planejamento e projeto arquitetônico e cromático. / [en] Among the environment elements existent in the work office place, the color is one of the things that can cause sensations and promote the emotional wellbeing. This research started from the hypothesis that the architecture professionals did not use a methodology that take car of the analysis of the activities in real work situation to the concept of the chromatics projects. This way this work divided itself in two steps: the first part, conceptual, wanted to present a general view of concepts of the study of arts related to the subject. The second part presents a research in the area where it was listened the users-workers from a office work place, that had their place of work totally redressed, including with chromatic changes. Also, it was listened the voice of the architecture professionals, about their knowledge about the ergonomic and its methodological procedures to elaboration of the chromatic projects to work places. From the results of the analysis it was possible to confirm the hypothesis of this research and conclude that the Environmental Ergonomic, because focusing in the man analysis, doing his job, it is presented as an intervention methods in work places, capable of supplying some conceptual failures of the usual methodologies planning and architectonic and chromatic projects.

The Professional Project addressed here is an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration for a project proposed by the staff of the Del Mar Fairgrounds pursuant to legal mandate by the State of California Horse Racing Board. The “Project” subject to documentation under CEQA consisted of removal of the top seven inches of the existing dirt surface on the Del Mar Fairgrounds horse racing track and temporary storage of the material on the practice track infield; installation of a new drainage system, rock filtration system, permeable asphalt layers, and seven inches of engineered surface material; widening of the track in the northeast and southeast curve area; and removal and replacement of existing retaining wall, fence, and landscaping improvements. This Project Report summarizes the stakeholder involvement concepts utilized to obtain project support and approval in an environmentally sensitive area, subject to a long history of political contention, in the midst of other long-term planning efforts such as the San Dieguito Lagoon Restoration Project, and an Updated Master Plan and Master Plan Environmental Impact Report for the fairgrounds property. Ultimately, the Project and CEQA documentation were approved by the Lead agency’s decision-making body, the Board of Directors of the State of California’s 22nd District Agricultural Association.

La realización de esta memoria se encuentra en el marco del proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciación N°1180990 "Construcción social del clima urbano: hacia la calidad y justicia climática en ciudades chilenas". / Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafo / El deterioro en la calidad del aire es uno de los principales problemas ambientales que afectan a las ciudades alrededor del mundo, siendo la polución por material particulado 2,5 (MP2,5) la más peligrosa y mortal para el ser humano. Diversas también han sido las soluciones propuestas para ayudar a mitigar los efectos negativos de la contaminación atmosférica. De estas, una de las que ha tomado mayor fuerza durante el último tiempo corresponde a la utilización de los árboles urbanos para disminuir la contaminación al interior de las ciudades. Mediante el software I-Tree Eco, desarrollado por el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA), se analizaron los efectos que posee el arbolado urbano sobre la interceptación y posterior absorción de MP2,5, al interior de la ciudad de Concepción, Región del Biobío, Chile. A partir de datos de calidad de aire, precipitación y la estructura de los árboles urbanos, el software permite estimar la cantidad de contaminación del aire removida durante un año por los árboles. Para lograr el propósito de la investigación, se utilizaron datos desde el Sistema de Información Nacional de Calidad del Aire (SINCA), mientras que el relleno de datos faltantes de esta base de datos, se realizó por medio del método de imputación de datos individual (SDEM Model). Por otra parte, la base de datos de precipitación se obtuvo desde la Red Agroclimática Nacional (AGROMET). Luego, mediante la fotointerpretación de imágenes satelitales a través de Google Earth, más las capas de levantamiento de espacios verdes, extraídas desde la red CEDEUS y el trabajo en terreno, se identificaron los elementos de la infraestructura verde de mayor relevancia, localizados al interior de la ciudad de Concepción. Junto con ello, se identificó al Parque Ecuador como uno de los espacios más importantes, debido a su tamaño y cercanía con el centro de la ciudad, asimismo, se realizó un inventario completo de los árboles urbanos presentes en su interior, identificando su estructura. Estos datos fueron procesados por el software, obteniendo la eliminación total de la contaminación por MP2,5, su capacidad de almacenamiento y secuestro de carbono, y la emisión total de compuestos orgánicos volátiles biogénicos (COVBs) que poseen los árboles urbanos del parque. Los resultados demuestran que el parque al año eliminó un total de 4,52 Kg de MP2,5, mientras que la tasa de eliminación fue de 0,13 gm-2 por cobertura arbórea; el almacenamiento de carbono fue de 350 toneladas de carbono y su secuestro bruto fue de 3,24 toneladas métricas por año, mientras que las especies del parque anualmente emiten un total de 50,48 Kg de COVBs. / Deterioration of air quality is one of the main environmental problems affecting cities around the world, with particulate matter pollution 2.5 (PM2.5) being the most dangerous and deadly for humans. The proposed solutions to help mitigate the negative effects of air pollution have been diverse; of these, one that has taken greater strength on recent times has been the use of urban trees to reduce pollution inside the cities. This way, through the software I-Tree Eco, developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the effects of urban trees on the interception and subsequent absorption of PM2.5, inside of Concepción city, Biobío region, Chile were analyzed. Using data of air quality, precipitation and the structure of urban trees, the software allows to estimate the amount of air pollution removed by trees over a year. To achieve the objective of this research, data from the National Air Quality Information System (SINCA) was used, while the filling of missing data was done through the individual data imputation method (SDEM Model). Complete rainfall data was obtained from the National Agroclimatic Network (AGROMET). Then, through photointerpretation of satellite images from Google Earth, plus the layers of green space surveying, extracted from the CEDEUS network and workfield, the most relevant elements of the green infrastructure inside the city of Concepcion were identified. Ecuador Park was identified as one of the most relevant spaces on this city, and a complete inventory of the urban trees that are present inside of it was made, identifying its structure. The data was then processed by the software, obtaining the total elimination of the contamination by PM2.5, their storage capacity and carbon sequestration, and their emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) that the urban trees of the park have. The results show that the park eliminated a total of 4.52 Kg of MP2.5 per year, while the elimination rate was 0.13 gm-2 for tree coverage; carbon storage was 350 tons of carbon and its gross sequestration was 3.24 metric tons per year, while the park species annually emit a total of 50.48 Kg of BVOCs.

This study uses the Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use and the Environment, on a Grid (SIMPLE-G­), a partial equilibrium model of agricultural production, to explore how the scale and scope of environmental quality markets influence farm-level production decisions and market performance. I simulate how permit trading affects producers’ input use decisions, and ultimately pollution emissions, by modifying the supply nest structure of the model to include water quality permits as an additional output from agricultural production. Conservation practices improving water quality may also result in ecosystem co-benefits (e.g., reduced greenhouse gas emissions and habitat provision). Hence, I extend SIMPLE-G to quantify these co-benefits and simulate the effects of allowing conservationist producers to “stack” permits (i.e., to supply multiple permit types for each co-benefit). I find that, overall, permit production increases with the scale and scope of the markets. <a>At the smallest market size</a>—which allows trading only within 8-digit hydrological unit code watersheds—unintended policy implications arise as the stacked markets cause one conservation practice to crowd out the other. Meanwhile, the largest market—which allows trading across the Chesapeake Bay Watershed—produces nitrogen permits more efficiently which may lead to less of the secondary permits in comparison to other market configurations. The results of this study support the Environmental Protection Agency’s urging of the expansion of the scale and scope of ecosystem markets.

Despite the existence of land use and environmental protection policies designed to provide guidance on land development, some projects can still be contentious. As the number of Muslims and mosques in the United States are increasing, little is known about the problematic conditions that Muslims may experience when attempting to site a new mosque, community center, or cemetery. The purpose of this study was to develop a deeper understanding about the experiences and perceptions of those involved in the failed siting of a controversial mosque, community center, and cemetery project in a U.S. West Coast state. The multiple streams framework was used to examine the problem, politics, and policy streams that occurred throughout the case. The research question addressed the key elements that led to community protests and the ensuing state lawsuit. A qualitative case study design was used to analyze literature, news reports, government reports, and the loosely-structured interviews of 15 purposefully-selected community stakeholders. The interview data were coded and categorized for thematic analysis. Results indicated that navigating the politics stream was especially difficult for the mosque applicants because they did not anticipate much resistance and were unaware of community members' concerns about water table contamination. Implications for positive social change include providing policy makers with insight into conflict that may arise in the siting of a mosque, community center, or cemetery and potentially reducing conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims.