No presente trabalho foi realizada uma na pesquisa bibliográfica sobre indicadores globais para avaliação da eficiência de um sistema de gestão ambiental (SGA) e sobre o conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental, com o objetivo de estudar o SGA de uma empresa petroquímica, instalada no Rio de Janeiro, certificada pela ISO 9001, ISO 14001 e OSHA 18001. Procurou-se, assim, identificar, a partir da análise dos indicadores de avaliação do desempenho ambiental, a possibilidade de implantar um indicador único para avaliação da eficiência do SGA estudado, de forma a mostrar aos observadores externos e internos, o efetivo engajamento da empresa na preservação dos recursos naturais e na minimização das emissões atmosféricas e de gases de efeito estufa, dentro da ótica de sustentabilidade ambiental focando-se um processo produtivo industrial. Por meio da pesquisa, verificou-se que, apesar de a empresa utilizar indicadores relacionados com o consumo de água, de emissões fugitivas e de geração de resíduos, dentre outros, ela não monitora, de forma objetiva, as emissões em termos de CO2 equivalente e todas as ações ligadas à sustentabilidade ambiental. Assim, foi proposto um indicador global de sustentabilidade ambiental para ser utilizado como referência do processo produtivo, visando fornecer ao responsável pelo SGA os subsídios necessários para tratar da gestão do processo sob a ótica da sustentabilidade ambiental / In the present work a literature review on global indicators for the evaluation of the efficiency of an environmental management system (EMS) and on the concept of environmental sustainability, was preformed aiming at to study the EMS of a petrochemical company, located in Rio de Janeiro and certified by ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OSHA 18001. The objective was to propose, from the analysis of the indicators of environmental performance assessment, a single indicator for the efficiency of the EMS studied, in order to show to the internal and external observers, the effective engagement of the company in the preservation of natural resources and in the minimization of air emissions and greenhouse gases, from the point of view of the environmental sustainability of a productive process. It was observed that, although the company is using indicators related to water consumption, fugitive emissions and waste generation, among others, it does not monitor, objectively, the emissions in terms of emissions and CO2 equivalent and the actions related to the environmental sustainability. Thus, it was proposed a global indicator of environmental sustainability to be used as reference for the production process, in order to provide to the responsible for the EMS the subsidies to conduct the management of the process from the perspective of environmental sustainability

Orientador: Marlene Cristina Alves / Resumo: A compactação do solo em sistemas plantio direto (SPD) tem comprometido a sua sustentabilidade. Para contornar esse problema, a escarificação mecânica e a manutenção da cobertura vegetal são sugeridas como práticas de manejo a fim de restabelecer as condições ideais de cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito a curto prazo da escarificação e do uso de diferentes plantas de cobertura na manutenção do SPD envolvendo as culturas do arroz de “terras altas” e feijão de “inverno”). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Selvíria, MS em 2014/15 e 2015/16, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico de textura argilosa. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados disposto em parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas as condições da superfície do solo em SPD (com e sem escarificação mecânica) e nas subparcelas as plantas de cobertura (pousio, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Urochloa ruziziensis (Syn. Brachiaria ruziziensis) e Pennisetum glaucum), com quatro repetições, cultivadas com arroz e feijão. Foram avaliadas as características fitotécnicas das culturas e atributos físicos e químicos do solo em quatro camadas (0 a 0,05; 0,05 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,40 m). Realizou-se a análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5%de probabilidade para comparação de médias. Além disso, na camada de 0 a 0,05 m do solo também foram analisadas as características das nanopartículas e nanoestruturas do solo. Para essas análises incluiu-se o solo de Cerrado remanescente para comparaçã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soil compaction in no-tillage systems (NTS) affects the sustainability of this management. To overcome the problem, mechanical chiseling and maintenance of the cover crop were suggested as management practices reestablishing ideal cultivation conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of mechanical chiseling and the use of different cover crops in the maintenance of NTS involving as crops "dryland” rice and "winter" common bean. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 growing season, on a typical clayey dystrophic Red Latosol, with experiment was evaluated in a randomized block design in split plots, with the main plots as SPD soil surface conditions (with and without mechanical chiseling) and in the subplots as cover crop (fallow, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Urochloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum), with four replications, cultivated with “dryland” rice and "winter" common bean. The agronomic characteristics of the crops and soil physical and chemical attributes in four layers (0 a 0.05; 0.05 a 0.10; 0.10 a 0.20 e 0.20 a 0.40 m). The analysis of variance and Tukey's test were performed at a 5% probability for comparison of average. In addition, treatments of the 0 to 0.05 m layer of the soil were also compared to the natural closed area, through the conventional chemical and physical properties and characteristics of its nanoparticles and nanostructures. F... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-15T19:17:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKCF_TESE.pdf: 5292912 bytes, checksum: 93dbdd07bc155ea88e9b9fe6ba6721da (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T14:42:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKCF_TESE.pdf: 5292912 bytes, checksum: 93dbdd07bc155ea88e9b9fe6ba6721da (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T15:06:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKCF_TESE.pdf: 5292912 bytes, checksum: 93dbdd07bc155ea88e9b9fe6ba6721da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T15:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKCF_TESE.pdf: 5292912 bytes, checksum: 93dbdd07bc155ea88e9b9fe6ba6721da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28 / Banco Santander / Composting is a solution for recycling organic waste, transforming them into compounds that can be used as nutrients for any plant species, with emphasis on the vegetable group. The objective of the present study was to take advantage of biodegradable solid waste, making possible the production of organic fertilizers by means of the composting technique, with a view to their application in the cultivation of cherry tomatoes. The research was based on two experiments. The first was developed through an action research in the Community Association Recycling for Life, located in the municipality of Mossoró/RN. The composting technique was developed according to the windrow method, with the construction of five piles. Controlled until the final phase of composting, parameters such as: temperature, humidity, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio. Analyzes of humic substances, macro and micronutrients, chemical contaminants (Cd, Ni and Pb), total and thermotolerant coliforms, Salmonella, visual observations of maturation and suggestion of packaging and labeling of the organic compounds produced were performed. The second experiment was carried out in a protected environment, in the West Field of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University - UFERSA, Mossoró/RN, in order to observe the effects of the organic compounds produced in the cultivation of cherry tomatoes. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with five replicates and five treatments, the organic fertilizers produced in the first experiment were combined with coconut fiber (1:1). In the culture were evaluated growth, production, post-harvest quality, nutrition and microbiological analysis.The stabilized organic compounds reached satisfactory results with C/N values between 12/1 to 16/1, presenting as good soil conditioners with potential to improve the physicochemical characteristics of a soil that presents nutritional deficiency. The levels of chemical contaminants evaluated were well below those established in the main European, American and normative legislation, showing that they are within the parameters of quality for the organic compounds that will have applications as fertilizers and soil conditioners. The compounds produced showed absence of total coliforms, thermotolerant and Salmonella. In the crop, the organic production was satisfactory to favor a product of quality free of nutritional and healthy deficiency due to the absence of pathogens. The T5 treatment presented a better result with higher phytomass and average productivity, indicating that significant and diversified amounts of food residues influence the amount of nutrients that will be available to the crop. The results allow us to affirm that the application of cattle manure and dietary residues in small scale composting originated a product with adequate nutritional characteristics and did not alter the microbiological quality of the compounds and concomitantly of the cultivated tomatoes, resulting in the production of healthy fruits. This favors the organic production system as a market potential and an economic alternative for family farmers / A compostagem é uma solução para reciclagem de resíduos orgânicos, transformando-os em composto que podem ser utilizados como aporte de nutrientes para qualquer espécie vegetal, tendo destaque para o grupo das hortaliças. O objetivo do presente estudo foi aproveitar os resíduos sólidos biodegradáveis, viabilizando a produção de adubos orgânicos por meio da técnica de compostagem, com vista à sua aplicação no cultivo do tomate cereja. A pesquisa foi fundamentada em dois experimentos. O primeiro foi desenvolvido através de uma pesquisa ação na Associação Comunitária Reciclando para a Vida, localizada no município de Mossoró/RN. A técnica de compostagem foi desenvolvida de acordo com o método “windrow”, com a construção de cinco pilhas. Monitorados até a fase final da compostagem, parâmetros como: temperatura, umidade, pH, carbono orgânico total, nitrogênio total, e relação C/N. Nos compostos maturados foram realizadas análises de substâncias húmicas, macro e micronutrientes, contaminantes químicos (Cd, Ni e Pb), coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella, observações visuais da maturação e sugestão de embalagem e rotulagem dos compostos orgânicos produzidos. O segundo experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, no Campo Oeste da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido -UFERSA, Mossoró/RN, com a finalidade de observar os efeitos dos compostos orgânicos produzidos no cultivo do tomate cereja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e cinco tratamentos, os adubos orgânicos, produzidos no primeiro experimento foi combinado com fibra de coco (1: 1). Na cultura foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento, produção, qualidade pós-colheita, nutrição e análise microbiológica. Os compostos orgânicos estabilizados atingiram resultados satisfatórios com valores da relação C/N entre 12/1 a 16/1, apresentando-se como bons condicionantes de solo com potencial para melhorar as características físico-químicas de um solo que apresente deficiência nutricional. Os teores de contaminantes químicos avaliados foram bem inferiores aos estabelecidos nas principais legislações europeias, americanas e instrução normativa vigente, mostrando estar dentro dos parâmetros de qualidade para os compostos orgânicos que terão aplicações como fertilizantes e condicionadores de solo. Os compostos produzidos apresentaram ausência de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e Salmonella. Na cultura, a produção orgânica mostrou-se satisfatória por favorecer um produto de qualidade isento de deficiência nutricional e saudável devido a ausência de patógenos. O tratamento T5, apresentou um melhor resultado com maior fitomassa e produtividade média, indicando que quantidades significativas e diversificadas de resíduos alimentares influenciam na quantidade de nutrientes que estarão disponíveis para a cultura. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a aplicação de esterco bovino e restos alimentares na compostagem, em pequena escala, originou um produto com características nutricionais adequadas e não alterou a qualidade microbiológica dos compostos e concomitantemente dos tomates cultivados, resultando na produção de frutos saudáveis. Isso favorece o sistema de produção orgânica como um potencial de mercado e uma alternativa econômica para os produtores familiares / 2017-02-15

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-15T17:27:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) jomar_oliveira_ramos.pdf: 8571735 bytes, checksum: 111a47f766acdeb849b79f4cfb5cd193 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-15T19:06:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) jomar_oliveira_ramos.pdf: 8571735 bytes, checksum: 111a47f766acdeb849b79f4cfb5cd193 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T19:06:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) jomar_oliveira_ramos.pdf: 8571735 bytes, checksum: 111a47f766acdeb849b79f4cfb5cd193 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O presente trabalho analisou a execu??o de pol?ticas p?blicas no que tange ? gest?o do planejamento da ocupa??o de ?reas de risco na cidade de Te?filo Otoni no nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica e documental investigou-se a efic?cia jur?dica e social das normas que regem a ocupa??o e o uso de espa?os territoriais urbanos no tocante ? preven??o de riscos ambientais e geol?gicos. Para consecu??o do fim colimado analisou-se informa??es dispostas em pesquisas acad?micas e mapeamentos t?cnicos de ?reas de risco em Te?filo Otoni, bem como, estudou-se as normas jur?dicas e regramentos t?cnicos aplicados no controle de riscos e na redu??o de acidentes e desastres naturais e antr?picos, almejando-se identificar as pol?ticas p?blicas mais adequadas ao planejamento e ordenamento do territ?rio da cidade. No mesmo intuito, foram apresentadas estrat?gias de uso sustent?vel do solo, vistas como mais eficazes na redu??o do risco ambiental e geol?gico, bem como, foram descritas alternativas para revis?o do Plano Diretor, do C?digo de Obras e da edi??o de uma Lei de Parcelamento, Uso e Ocupa??o do Solo no Munic?pio de Te?filo Otoni. Ressalta-se que, do ponto de vista jur?dico-normativo, ? imprescind?vel a proposi??o de pol?ticas p?blicas mais adequadas ao controle e preven??o de riscos, e, do ponto de vista pol?tico-social, ? fundamental que a cidade tenha um planejamento ambiental urbano como mecanismo de fomento do equil?brio entre desenvolvimento econ?mico e a sustentabilidade ambiental. Por fim, pugna-se que a preven??o, por meio de pol?ticas p?blicas espec?ficas, ? a melhor forma de se minimizar os impactos ambientais e sociais advindos da ocupa??o de ?reas de risco. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This dissertation analyzed the execution of public policies regarding the management of the planning of occupancy of risk areas in the city of Te?filo Otoni in the northeast of the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil). Through a bibliographical and documentary research the legal and social effectiveness of the norms that govern the occupation and the use of urban territorial spaces in the prevention of environmental and geological risks was investigated. In order to achieve the collimated objective, we analyzed information on academic research and technical mapping of risk areas in Te?filo Otoni, as well as studying the legal norms and technical regulations applied in the control of risks and in the reduction of accidents and natural disasters and To identify the most appropriate public policies for the planning and planning of the city's territory. In the same way, strategies of sustainable land use were presented, seen as more effective in the reduction of the environmental and geological risk, as well as, alternatives were described for revision of the Master Plan, of the Code of Works and of the edition of a Law of Installment, Land Use and Land Use in the Municipality of Te?filo Otoni. It should be emphasized that, from the juridical-normative point of view, it is essential to propose public policies more adequate to the control and prevention of risks, and, from the political-social point of view, it is fundamental that the city has urban environmental planning as Mechanism of fostering the balance between economic development and environmental sustainability. Finally, it is argued that prevention, through specific public policies, is the best way to minimize the environmental and social impacts of occupying areas at risk.

Na Capa, Folha de Rosto e Ficha Catalogr?fica da obra constam o t?tulo: "Filtro de areia para o manejo da ?gua de chuva". / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-06-15T18:51:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) marco_antonio_oliveira.pdf: 5190699 bytes, checksum: edae8a04f3a512075df7923ed8c2c65b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-18T11:28:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) marco_antonio_oliveira.pdf: 5190699 bytes, checksum: edae8a04f3a512075df7923ed8c2c65b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T11:28:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) marco_antonio_oliveira.pdf: 5190699 bytes, checksum: edae8a04f3a512075df7923ed8c2c65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Funda??o Diamantinense de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extens?o (FUNDAEPE) / No cen?rio atual de acentua??o da car?ncia de recursos naturais em grandes e pequenos centros urbanos, a problem?tica do abastecimento de ?gua pot?vel ? uma quest?o central para a sa?de das popula??es, dada a variedade de doen?as veiculadas pela ?gua, especialmente para consumo humano. Cerca de 30% do consumo humano pode ser efetuado com ?gua de chuva, dado muito importante tendo em vista a escassez do recurso. Em tempos de mudan?as clim?ticas (estiagens prolongadas, cargas de chuvas concentradas, etc.) a retomada de conhecimentos ligados ao aproveitamento da ?gua de chuva ? de interesse para a popula??o urbana e rural. A procura por caminhos de aperfei?oamento das t?cnicas de uso sustent?vel de recursos naturais ? a meta deste trabalho, enfocando a recolha da ?gua de chuva como estrat?gia poss?vel e re-emergente para os tempos atuais. S?o objetivos espec?ficos da pesquisa: avaliar a qualidade da ?gua de chuva em Diamantina (MG) e desenhar filtros naturais que viabilizem o uso n?o pot?vel de forma segura. Como a falta de tratamento da ?gua est? relacionada diretamente com a transmiss?o de doen?as, ? evidente a import?ncia do trabalho quanto aos aspectos de sa?de ambiental e ao atendimento da linha de pesquisa ?Tecnologia e vigil?ncia em sa?de? do Mestrado Interdisciplinar SaSA e do Laborat?rio de Constru??es Sustent?veis no LIPEMVALE (UFVJM). Foram desenvolvidos prot?tipos de filtros compostos de areia, carv?o e pedra, caracterizados pelo uso de mateiriais de f?cil obten??o, para a purifica??o da ?gua de chuva recolhida em telhados de cer?mica. As amostras foram coletadas de Janeiro a Maio de 2017, sendo avaliados par?metros f?sico qu?micos (condutividade, cor aparente, pH, turbidez e salinidade) e microbiol?gicos (coliformes totais e Escherichia coli) antes e depois de passarem pelo processo de filtra??o. A ?gua de chuva apresentou valores compat?veis com usos n?o pot?veis. O filtro alterou positivamente a qualidade da ?gua de chuva da classe 4 para a classe 3, conforme a resolu??o CONAMA 357/2005. O aproveitamento da ?gua de chuva foi considerado tecnologia social devido ao baixo custo e replicabilidade, sendo indicado para usos n?o pot?veis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / In the current scenario of accentuation of the lack of natural resources in large and small urban centers, the problem of the supply of drinking water is a central issue for the health of populations, given the variety of diseases transmitted through water, especially for human consumption. About of 30% of human consumption can be made with rainwater, a very important factor given the scarcity of the resource. In times of climate changes (prolonged drougths, loads of concentred rain, etc), the resumption of knowledge related to the use of rainwater is of interest to the urban and rural population. The search for ways to improve the techniques of sustainable use of natural resources is the goal of this paper, focusing the collecting rainwater as a re-emergent strategy for current times. The specific objectives of the research are: to evaluate the quality of rainwater in Diamantina (Minas Gerais, Brazil) and to design natural filters that enable non-potable use in a safe way. As the lack of water treatment is directly related to the transmission of diseases, it is evident the importance of the work on the aspects of environmental health and the attendance of the research line 'Technology and health surveyllance' of the Interdisciplinary Master SaSA and the Laboratory of Sustainable Buildings in LIPEMVALE (UFVJM). Prototypes of sand, charcoal and stone composite filters were developed characterized by the use of readly available matrices for the purification of rain water collected on ceramic roofs. The samples were collected from January to May of 2017, and evaluated physical chemical parameters (conductivity, apparent color, pH, turbidity and salinity) and microbiological parameters (total coliforms, and Escherichia coli) were evaluated before and after of filtration process. Rainwater presented values compatible with non-potable uses. The filter positively changed the rainwater quality from class 4 to class 3, according CONAMA resolution 357/2005. The use of rainwater was considered social technology due to the low cost and replicability.

Diferentes setores produtivos, nacionais e internacionais, mantém em sua pauta estratégica as questões ambientais. A cadeia da construção civil, consciente dos impactos gerados ao meio ambiente, busca alternativas mitigatórias tanto em processos quanto em insumos. Entre essas alternativas encontra-se a reciclagem dos Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) dentro da própria cadeia produtiva. No Brasil, esse tipo de reciclagem ainda é insipiente e pouco difundido. Um dos fatores que pode ocasionar este cenário está associado à falta de confiabilidade e à grande variabilidade dos agregados reciclados oriundos de RCD, o que reflete diretamente nas características finais dos produtos desenvolvidos a partir deste material. Porém, existem iniciativas que visam o uso destes enquanto agregados reciclados para a produção de artefatos de concreto, como é o caso da cooperativa Centro de Transformação Sócio Ambiental (CTSA), em Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de propor um conjunto de características a ser monitorado de maneira a se produzir Bloco de Concreto de Vedação (BCV) a partir de RCD, no ambiente produtivo da CTSA, aliado à sua vocação de preservação ambiental. Para atingir este objetivo foram seguidos dois vieses. O primeiro investigando as características almejadas para o produto BCV, através do método de desdobramento da função qualidade, ou quality function deployment (QFD), que transforma as demandas dos clientes em características de qualidade do produto. Porém, estas demandas foram ampliadas buscando assim, além da voz dos clientes, os requisitos ambientais e os normativos para o produto, priorizando as características que devem ser controladas pela cooperativa para obter a qualidade do produto final. O segundo viés está associado às características apresentadas pelos agregados reciclados de RCD produzidos pela cooperativa e utilizados como matéria-prima dos BCVs. Através de ensaios de granulometria, absorção de água, teor de material pulverulento, e teor de contaminantes (cloretos, sulfatos, materiais não minerais e torrões de argila e materiais friáveis) comparando esses resultados com as especificações da norma NBR 15.116 (ABNT, 2004), que define limites aceitáveis para a utilização deste material em concretos não estruturais. As conclusões do primeiro viés são que, de uma maneira geral, as demandas dos consumidores vão ao encontro das demandas normativas, mas que para responder aos requisitos ambientais são necessários alguns ajustes nas especificações para a obtenção de uma listagem que absorvesse requisitos das três demandas (cliente, ambiental e normativa). No segundo viés, verificou-se que os agregados analisados apresentaram bom comportamento quando comparados às especificações da norma, indicando que o processo hoje estabelecido pela cooperativa para tratamento e estoque dos RCDs assegura a viabilidade do uso do mesmo na confecção dos BCVs. / Different productive sectors, in both national and international spheres, maintain in their agenda strategic environmental issues. The construction’s chain, aware of the impacts to the environment, searches for alternatives for both the mitigation processes and raw materials. One of these alternatives is the recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) within the supply chain. In Brazil, this type of recycling is still incipient and not widespread. One of the factors that lead to this scenario is associated to the lack of reliability and the wide variety of recycled aggregates derived from CDW, which directly affects the final characteristics of the products developed from this material. However, there are many initiatives to use CDW as recycled aggregates for the production of concrete artifacts, such as the cooperative Centro de Transformação Sócio Ambiental (Social Environmental Transformation Center – CTSA), in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a set of features to be monitored in order to produce Concrete Block for Sealing (CBS) from CDW, in the productive system of CTSA, complying with its vocation of environmental preservation. To achieve this objective this work focuses on two biases. The first is related to investigating the characteristics for the CBS product, through the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, which transforms the demands of customers in quality features of the product. However, these demands were expanded aiming, apart from the voice of customers, environmental and regulatory requirements for the product, to prioritizing features to be controlled by the cooperative to get the final product quality. The second bias is associated with the characteristics presented by CDW recycled aggregate produced by the cooperative and used as raw material for CBSs. This was carried out through experimental testings, such as particle size, water absorption, powdery material content and contaminant content (chlorides, sulphates, non-mineral materials and clay lumps and friable materials). These results were compared with the NBR 15.116 (ABNT, 2004) specifications, which defines acceptable limits of CDW for use in non-structural concrete. The general conclusions for the first bias is that the consumer demands will meet the normative demands, but to respond to environmental requirements some adjustments in the specifications are required to obtain a list of requirements that absorb the three demands (customer, environmental and regulatory). For the second bias, it was found that the analyzed aggregated presented good behavior regarding the standard specifications, indicating that the process established by the cooperative for the treatment and storage of CDW ensure the feasibility of its use in the manufacture of CBSs.

No presente trabalho foi realizada uma na pesquisa bibliográfica sobre indicadores globais para avaliação da eficiência de um sistema de gestão ambiental (SGA) e sobre o conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental, com o objetivo de estudar o SGA de uma empresa petroquímica, instalada no Rio de Janeiro, certificada pela ISO 9001, ISO 14001 e OSHA 18001. Procurou-se, assim, identificar, a partir da análise dos indicadores de avaliação do desempenho ambiental, a possibilidade de implantar um indicador único para avaliação da eficiência do SGA estudado, de forma a mostrar aos observadores externos e internos, o efetivo engajamento da empresa na preservação dos recursos naturais e na minimização das emissões atmosféricas e de gases de efeito estufa, dentro da ótica de sustentabilidade ambiental focando-se um processo produtivo industrial. Por meio da pesquisa, verificou-se que, apesar de a empresa utilizar indicadores relacionados com o consumo de água, de emissões fugitivas e de geração de resíduos, dentre outros, ela não monitora, de forma objetiva, as emissões em termos de CO2 equivalente e todas as ações ligadas à sustentabilidade ambiental. Assim, foi proposto um indicador global de sustentabilidade ambiental para ser utilizado como referência do processo produtivo, visando fornecer ao responsável pelo SGA os subsídios necessários para tratar da gestão do processo sob a ótica da sustentabilidade ambiental / In the present work a literature review on global indicators for the evaluation of the efficiency of an environmental management system (EMS) and on the concept of environmental sustainability, was preformed aiming at to study the EMS of a petrochemical company, located in Rio de Janeiro and certified by ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OSHA 18001. The objective was to propose, from the analysis of the indicators of environmental performance assessment, a single indicator for the efficiency of the EMS studied, in order to show to the internal and external observers, the effective engagement of the company in the preservation of natural resources and in the minimization of air emissions and greenhouse gases, from the point of view of the environmental sustainability of a productive process. It was observed that, although the company is using indicators related to water consumption, fugitive emissions and waste generation, among others, it does not monitor, objectively, the emissions in terms of emissions and CO2 equivalent and the actions related to the environmental sustainability. Thus, it was proposed a global indicator of environmental sustainability to be used as reference for the production process, in order to provide to the responsible for the EMS the subsidies to conduct the management of the process from the perspective of environmental sustainability

This study examines the environmental and economic effects of green information technology (IT). Green IT describes two sets of IT innovations: one set includes innovations that are implemented to reduce the environmental impact of IT services in organizations; and the other IT to reduce the environmental impact of other organizational processes. The two sets respond to the call for more environmentally friendly or “greener” organizational processes. I developed and tested a preliminary model. The model applied the resource based view (RBV) of the firm (Wernerfelt 1984) the stakeholder theory (Freeman 1984) and included four constructs: (1) BAS implementation; environmental value conceived in a novel way as the conservation of electric energy in buildings; economic value -- from energy cost savings; and BAS complements. These four constructs formed three propositions: (1) BAS implementation is positively associated with environmental value; (2) environmental value is positively associated with economic value; and BAS complements moderate the relationship BAS implementation and environmental value. The model was used to guide the investigation of three research questions: 1. What are the environmental and economic values of green IT? 2. How do green IT create the above values? 3. Are other dimensions of value created? If so, what are they? The focal IT investigated was the building automation system – a system designed to conserve electric energy and decrease operational costs. The unit of analysis of the study was the facilities management team – the implementers of the system. I collected data on a sample of six diverse cases of BAS implementations. The cases were diverse in terms of the BAS types, the building purposes, the building locations and the building occupancy and management. Two types of BAS were involved in the study, each with a different level of artificial intelligence: the more intelligent BAS self-reconfigured when changes in setpoints, for example, were necessary; the less intelligent BAS must be reconfigured by an engineer in similar circumstances. There was also diversity in terms of the buildings in which the systems were implemented and the occupancy and management of the buildings. The buildings include: the corporate headquarters of a global telecommunications firm; university classrooms; a residence hall in a university; and three multi-tenanted office complexes. The building occupancy and management differ in that some buildings are owner-occupied and are managed in-house, while the others are leased and their management outsourced. Data collection involved recorded semi-structured interviews of three sets of users in the organizations: building engineers; chief engineers; and property/facilities managers. The interviews were prearranged and were conducted onsite using an interview protocol. Each interview lasted approximately one hour and was conducted in one session. The data were transcribed and analyzed in Nvivo 10. The findings showed support for the presence of the four constructs within the preliminary model as well as for the three propositions in the preliminary model. The data also revealed contextual details of the BAS implementation and BAS complements constructs. There were also new dimensions value including: unanticipated types of economic value (including savings from reduced labor demand; social value (comfort and safety for building occupants); and strategic value (knowledge used to position the organizations for greater efficiency and effectiveness). Overall, the value outcomes of the implementations can be summarized as short term social, environmental and economic value as well as strategic value – consistent with the concept of sustainable value defined by Hart et al. (1995). Also, consistent with Zuboff’s (1985) description of the duality of intelligent IT systems -- the ability to informate and automate, the BAS implementation construct was found to include two distinct sources of value: equipment automation; and equipment information. The unanticipated value dimensions and types, as well as the sources of value were used to refine the research model. The study therefore a preliminary theoretical model – the resource based view of the sustainable organization (RBV-SO) -- as well as contextual implementation details that can be used to guide future investigations of the value created by intelligent green IT systems such as the BAS, as well as measurement items that can be used to inform quantitative studies of these systems. The study also adds to the practical body of knowledge concerning green IT implementations in general and implementations of the BAS in particular, concerning: details of the information value – for example, for measuring the environmental impact of the system and for substantiating claims in the application for green funds available to organizations; and details of some key complementary resources that enhance value creation within the context. Two major limitations of this study are: (1) a single coder was used in the analysis process and therefore no inter-coder reliability was established for the results; and (2) user perceptions rather than actual quantities were used to validate the findings. Some future research prospects include: use of these findings to conduct a quantitative study of an intelligent system extended with, for example, investigation of the impact of external forces such as government regulations, environmental issue salience, and market forces on the value created by green IT (such as the BAS); and investigation of the impact over time of the development of the strategic capabilities enabled by the BAS on creation of value.

abstract: The combination of rapid urban growth and climate change places stringent constraints on multisector sustainability of cities. Green infrastructure provides a great potential for mitigating anthropogenic-induced urban environmental problems; nevertheless, studies at city and regional scales are inhibited by the deficiency in modelling the complex transport coupled water and energy inside urban canopies. This dissertation is devoted to incorporating hydrological processes and urban green infrastructure into an integrated atmosphere-urban modelling system, with the goal to improve the reliability and predictability of existing numerical tools. Based on the enhanced numerical tool, the effects of urban green infrastructure on environmental sustainability of cities are examined. Findings indicate that the deployment of green roofs will cool the urban environment in daytime and warm it at night, via evapotranspiration and soil insulation. At the annual scale, green roofs are effective in decreasing building energy demands for both summer cooling and winter heating. For cities in arid and semiarid environments, an optimal trade-off between water and energy resources can be achieved via innovative design of smart urban irrigation schemes, enabled by meticulous analysis of the water-energy nexus. Using water-saving plants alleviates water shortage induced by population growth, but comes at the price of an exacerbated urban thermal environment. Realizing the potential water buffering capacity of urban green infrastructure is crucial for the long-term water sustainability and subsequently multisector sustainability of cities. Environmental performance of urban green infrastructure is determined by land-atmosphere interactions, geographic and meteorological conditions, and hence it is recommended that analysis should be conducted on a city-by-city basis before actual implementation of green infrastructure. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3638.pdf: 1553459 bytes, checksum: 01837965cd5cb2678069ae8c7c8f8488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Technology-based firms (TBF s) are expected to fit market demands more easily for being technologically dynamic, more flexible due to their size and their intense knowledge grounds. This research investigated how TBF s of São Carlos/SP have involved in environmental sustainability. It focuses on environmentally friendly strategies employed by companies in sectors that are likely to be environmentally impactful. The survey verifies the environmental performance of firms by identifying if companies have done effective actions, and investigates whether they have proactive, preventive or reactive attitudes in response to pressure from legislation, environmental certification or public pressure. This research characterized those companies considering, among other factors, their relationship with local universities and research centers, characterized the entrepreneurs and verified if environmental certification is usual with the TBF s. This research is supported by work previously done on TBF s and manuals and norms, among other sources. Data were collected by means of questionnaire sent to 10 companies from industrial sectors whose production processes potentially impact the environment. It was possible to draw a partial picture of the environmentally friendly strategies employed, verify the low certification of ISO 14001 and the need for incorporating more effective environmentally friendly practices by those companies. Entrepreneurs of the companies investigated have a high educational level, and the employees have an educational level higher than those usually observed in traditional types of businesses. Most of the founders of the companies investigated come from educational and research institutions of São Carlos which also influence the technological areas developed by the companies. / Há uma expectativa das empresas de base tecnológica (EBTs) se adequarem com maior facilidade às mudanças exigidas pelo mercado por serem empresas tecnologicamente dinâmicas, por serem mais flexíveis devido ao porte e por possuírem bases intensas de conhecimento. Esta pesquisa investigou como EBTs de São Carlos/SP vêm se relacionando com a sustentabilidade ambiental. A pesquisa se concentra nas estratégias ambientais adotadas por empresas de setores provavelmente impactantes ambientalmente. A pesquisa averigua o comportamento ambiental das empresas identificando se as empresas apresentam ações efetivas, e investigando se apresentam posturas proativas; preventivas ou reativas como resposta a pressões de legislação, certificação ambiental ou da pressão pública. A pesquisa caracterizou estas empresas considerando, entre outros fatores, sua relação com as universidades e centros de pesquisa locais, caracterizou os empreendedores e verificou se são empresas que tem como característica adotar certificado ambiental. Esta investigação se apóia em trabalhos previamente realizados sobre as EBTs e em manuais e normas, entre outras fontes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário enviado a 10 empresas de setores industriais cujos processos produtivos potencialmente impactam ambientalmente. Foi possível traçar um panorama parcial sobre as estratégias ambientais adotadas, verificar a baixa adoção da ISO 14001 e a necessidade da incorporação de práticas ambientais mais efetivas por estas empresas. Os empreendedores do grupo de empresas investigado apresentam um alto nível educacional, e os funcionários possuem um nível de capacitação superior ao que geralmente é observado em empresas do tipo tradicional. Grande parte dos fundadores das empresas investigadas é proveniente das instituições de ensino e pesquisa de São Carlos além destas influenciarem as áreas tecnológicas de atuação das empresas.