Previous research has shown that the existence of after school program is beneficial for children's health and their academic performance. Lorensborgsskolan, an elementary school situated in Malmö, implemented a project called “From movement in school to being active in organized sports” where they started a school sport organization. The project seeks to increase the amount of children active in external sport organizations and to make the transition more accessible. The project collaborated with Hemmaplan which is an initiative from the Scanian Basketball Federation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the prerequisites for implementing Lorensborgsskolans project “From movement in school to being active in organized sports” from a sustainable perspective. The sustainable perspective contains three concepts: social, environmental and economical. Three research questions has been formulated.How was the preparation of this project in relation to sustainability?What challenges can be identified when implementing this project?What benefits can be identified when implementing this project?Interviews, observation and document analysis were the methods used in this research and the data was analyzed through a six step coding process. The result and analysis were divided in three paragraphs named after the research questions connected to the theory. The research findings indicate how this project would give the children a protective factor outside of school. According to the collected result the children should be given the access to pursue sport in the entire city of Malmö and to work on their social skills. In conclusion, an external analysis should have been done before the implementation of the project. The financial aspect is identified as a challenge. For the children to be a part of the school’s sport organization is free of charge in contrast with external sport organizations where this does not imply.

La finalidad de esta investigación es exponer las tendencias mundiales de gestión sostenible que mediante las acciones en los ejes social y ambiental han sido implementadas por los operadores turísticos. La metodología empleada fue la investigación bibliográfica iniciando con una revisión descriptiva de fuentes académicas que culmina con un análisis descriptivo y evaluativo para los fines de la investigación. La investigación se basó en estudios académicos sobre la aplicación de la sostenibilidad social y ambiental en la gestión de los operadores turísticos internacionales. A partir de ello, se observa que en el eje ambiental existe un mayor número de acciones implementadas por los operadores turísticos. Estas están orientados a la gestión del consumo de agua y energía, manejo de residuos sólidos, reducción de materiales desechables, compras ecológicas, capacitaciones en conciencia ambiental, entre otras. Mientras que para el eje social se identificó que los operadores turísticos aplicaron un menor número de acciones, debido a que estas acciones resultan más complejas. Las acciones se enfocan en beneficios económicos para ambas partes (comunidad-operador turístico) y preservación de la cultura local. Pese a ello, se estableció que aún existen limitaciones para que los operadores turísticos apliquen acciones sostenibles tanto para el eje ambiental, como para el social. Una de las limitaciones es encontrar aliados entre sus proveedores que sigan las mismas prácticas, debido a que deben ofrecer un servicio que incluya estándares de sostenibilidad. Se concluye que las prácticas sociales y ambientales están siendo usadas por operadores turísticos a nivel internacional, y se encuentran principalmente motivadas por los beneficios que traen, tales como, menores costos en operaciones, mayores ingresos por la atención de clientes que demandan experiencias social y ambientalmente sostenibles y lograr una mayor captación de mercado. / The purpose of this research is to expose the global trends of sustainable management that through actions on the environmental and social trust have been implemented by tour operators. The methodology used was bibliographic research initiating with a descriptive review of academic sources that culminates with a descriptive and evaluative analysis for research purposes. The research was based on academic studies on the application of environmental and social sustainability in the management of international tour operators. From this, it is observed that there is a greater number of actions implemented by tour operators in the environmental axis. These actions are oriented to the management of water and energy consumption, solid waste management, reduction of disposable materials, ecological purchases, training in environmental awareness, among others. While for the social axis, it was identified that tour operators applied fewer but more complex actions. Those actions focus on economic benefits for both parties (community-tourist operator) and preservation of local culture. Despite this, it was established that there still are limitations for tour operators to implement sustainable actions for the environmental and social axes. One of the limitations is the difficulty to find allies among their suppliers who follow these same practices, because they must offer a service that includes sustainability standards. It is concluded that social and environmental practices are being used by tour operators internationally and are mainly motivated by the benefits it brings such as, lower costs in operations, higher revenue from the attention of customers who demand social and environmentally sustainable experiences and achieving greater market acquisition. / Trabajo de investigación

Background: Environmental challenges faced by humankind are creating various changes in the business environment. These changes are facilitating entrepreneurial activities for environmental sustainability. However, some actors, such as immigrant entrepreneurs, might face difficulties in identifying and exploiting the external enablers of entrepreneurial action for sustainability. Purpose: Considering the importance of sustainable development, the study aims to understand the role of external enablers for environmental sustainability in immigrant ventures. Thus, the study aims to investigate how ‘external enabler opacity and agency-intensity’ facilitate or hinder environmentally sustainable entrepreneurial activities among immigrant entrepreneurs. Method: The study employs a qualitative approach and utilizes a multiple case study methodology, with the primary method of semi-structured interviews. Inductively building upon the External Enabler Framework, the study integrates insights from external enablers, environmental entrepreneurship, and immigrant entrepreneurship literature. Conclusion: The study finds that low opacity and high agency intensity of external enablers limit immigrant ventures' involvement in environmental sustainability. Moreover, barriers immigrant entrepreneurs face compound these limitations, possibly leading to decreased competitiveness and missed opportunities. Contributing to the External Enabler Framework, the concept of enforcement is introduced as a novel cross-function of external enabler mechanisms, which facilitates immigrant ventures' engagement in environmentally sustainable activities.

Since the beginning of the 2020’s the world has drastically changed and forced organisations to re-adapt, adjust and reconfigure their business in order to survive. The Covid-19 pandemic rewrote the map of conducting business, as well as the war in Ukraine was a catalyst for inflation, and thereafter rising interest rates. Simultaneously, the climate is suffering greatly from the human footprints, forcing humanity to act swiftly to avoid collapse of ecosystems and an irreversible global warming. Organisations and societies are therefore forced to change their way of production and consumption, to be able to adapt to these changes. However, there is limited research inwhat successful aspects make environmentally sustainable SMEs outlast business environments embedded by turbulence. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the capabilities required and answer the research question: How do Swedish SMEs maintain their environmentally sustainable business practices when faced with a turbulent business environment? The raison d'être of this thesis is to investigate and deliver insights on how Swedish Small- and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) manoeuvre their environmentally sustainable business practices in an uncertain environment, and what characteristics are proven to be successful to cope with such conditions. In order to answer the research question and fulfil the purpose of this study, semi-structured interviews with 8 top managers within environmentally sustainable SMEs, were conducted under an inductive approach. Henceforth, the primary data offers important insights in how environmentally sustainable SMEs navigate through business environments embedded by turbulence. The findings suggest how the turbulent conditions of today are both of economic, as well as environmental aspect, forcing SMEs to implement environmentally sustainable practices at the core of their operations to be able to succeed. Hence, the SME must constantly manage the balance between profitability and environmental sustainability in order to make a positive impact on society. The findings further indicate that in order tomanage these turbulent conditions, it is evident that it is vital to be close to the market and understand its changing conditions, in combination with having the ability to be proactive and reactive towards the changes. Aside from this, the findings also emphasise the importance of valuable stakeholder relationships, as well as having an active and independent owner, in order to stay competitive during tough times. In conclusion, this study contributes to the theoretical aspects of Dynamic Capabilities and VUCA with emphasis on environmentally sustainable SMEs. Nevertheless, it also contributes with practical knowledge regarding how these types of organisations manage their environmentally sustainable business practices when times are tough.

Denna vetenskapliga studie har haft fokus på att se huruvida fenomenet glamping kan implementeras som utvecklingsstrategi inom campingplatser i Västra Götaland och Värmland. Även miljömässig hållbarhet utifrån de deltagande verksamheterna har studerats för att möjliggöra för att se likheter och skillnader mellan verksamheter inom glamping, camping med glamping och för renodlade campingverksamheter. Just camping och glampingverksamheter valdes dels genom ett intresse inom glamping, dels genom erfarenhet av arbete på campingplatser under studietiden. Både intresset kring glamping och erfarenheten kring att arbeta inom camping anser författaren ha givit både insikt inom fältet för camping såväl som ett utökat intresse för glamping som verksamhetsutvecklingsstrategi för campingverksamheter. Studiens metod utgörs av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som baseras på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vidare har en analys av de deltagande verksamheters webbplatser genomförts, detta för att få en så god helhetsbild över verksamhetens miljömässiga hållbarhetsarbete som möjligt.  Studien har resulterat i att se huruvida glamping kan användas i syfte för verksamhetsutveckling inom befintliga campingverksamheter. Resultatet visar att det finns skildringar över vad glamping är respektive inte är, men att glamping kan användas som verksamhetsutvecklingsstrategi för att möjliggöra för en ny målgrupp besökare, men även som en Unique Selling Point ”USP” för verksamheter vilka erbjuder glamping i relation till verksamheter som inte erbjuder glamping. Även har studien resulterat i en checklista för att förenkla utveckling av verksamheter som vill från camping till glamping för att möjliggöra för framtida hållbar turism. / This scientific study has focused on seeing whether the phenomenon of glamping can be implemented as a development strategy within campsites in Västra Götaland and Värmland. Environmental sustainability based on the participating businesses has also been studied to make it possible to see similarities and differences between businesses within glamping, camping with glamping and pure camping businesses. Camping and glamping businesses were chosen partly through an interest in glamping, partly through experience of working on campsites during the study period. Both the interest in glamping and the experience in working with camping, the author believes, has given both insight into the field of camping as well as an increased interest in glamping as a business development strategy for camping businesses. The study's method consists of a qualitative content analysis based on qualitative semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, an analysis of the participating businesses' websites has been carried out, to get as good an overall picture of the business's environmental sustainability work as possible.  The study has resulted in seeing whether glamping can be used for the purpose of business development within existing camping operations. The results show that there are different answers to what glamping is, and what it is not, but that glamping can be used as a business development strategy to enable a new target group of visitors, but also as a Unique Selling Point "USP" for businesses that offer glamping in relation to businesses that does not offer glamping. The study has also resulted in a checklist to simplify the development of businesses that want to move from camping to glamping to enable future sustainable tourism.

Klimatkrisen är ett faktum och omvärlden ställer större krav och förväntan på att företag idag ska arbeta för och främja hållbarhet. Den ekologiska aspekten i hållbarhet anses vara fundamental och i Sverige menar flera företag att de är det som leder till lönsamhet i framtiden. Detta kräver att man arbetar proaktivt så att den ekologiska hållbarheten blir en del av en organisations existerande strategi. Human Resources (HR) arbete genomsyrar hela organisationen, och vid implementering av nya strategier krävs ett stöd från HR. Trots att implementering av en strategi kräver ett stöd från HR och att alla organisationer bör arbeta med den ekologiska hållbarheten, är detta inte ett område som fångats upp av HR eller blivit en HR-fråga idag. Tidigare forskning har studerat relationen mellan HR och den ekologiska hållbarheten i internationella företag men syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur HR inom olika svenska företag idag arbetar med ekologisk hållbarhet och hur de framöver kan influera arbetet ytterligare.  Studien genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsansats där totalt tio respondenter från tre olika företag i Sverige deltog. Studien kunde påvisa att HR inte aktivt arbetar med den ekologiska hållbarheten idag, men att de i framtiden kan bidra och influera hållbarhetsarbetet ytterligare på flera olika sätt. / The climate crisis is a fact, and the world demands and expects more from companies today that they work with and promote sustainability. Environmental sustainability is fundamental, and in Sweden, the environmental sustainability is according to many organizations, the key to achieve profitability in the future. This requires companies to proactively work with environmental sustainability, so it becomes part of an organization’s strategy. Human resources (HR) can through their work, inspire the entire organization, and when implementing new strategies, support from HR is necessary. Although the implementation of a strategy requires support from HR, and that each organization should focus on adding environmental sustainability to their strategies, this area is nothing that has become an HR related question. The previous research within this area has only been studied from an international perspective, and the relation between HR and environmental sustainability has not been as studied in Swedish organizations.  The purpose of this study is to examine how HR within different organizations in Sweden work with environmental sustainability, and how they in the future can influence the work even more. The study was conducted through a qualitative study where ten respondents from three different organizations were part of the study. The study showed that HR is not as active in environmental sustainability today but can influence it even more in the future.

Despite the increasing public awareness about the waste that is created while consuming and disposing of products, the waste created by the raw material extraction and production phases is usually invisible to the consumers. In this respect, a product waste footprint indicator based on the life cycle perspective was recently proposed to address this knowledge gap, offering a better understanding of the environmental consequences of human consumption behaviour. Using product waste footprint as an environmental indicator would be limited in capturing the full suite of life cycle environmental damages associated with a product. On the other hand, the strict interpretation of life cycle assessment is quite technical, costly and ineffective for communicating with broader audiences. Therefore, there is still a need for simpler and less costly options, such as the product waste footprint, for environmental decision making and communication. The aim of this study is to find out if product waste footprint is a good proxy for the life cycle environmental impacts for different products. Data for 1400+ products from different product categories (agricultural, forestry, animal products; basic metal and alloys; chemicals; glass and other non-metallic products; machinery; ores, minerals and fuels; processed biobased products) were collected from the Ecoinvent 3.5 cut-off database using Brightway2 LCA framework. The results from linear regression analyses suggest that there is indeed a statistically significant and positive relationship between the product waste footprint and environmental damages to ecosystem diversity, human health, and resource availability. The regression models can explain up to more than 90% of the variance in environmental damages and they predict around 0.8% increase in environmental damages for each 1.0% increase in the waste footprints. The strong association between the waste footprints and environmental damage indicators suggest that the waste footprint is a strong candidate to be part of the environmental sustainability communication between product companies, customers and other decision makers in the product supply chains. While the waste footprint does not aim to replace other environmental indicators, it can be used to increase customer awareness on the invisible waste, influence consumption behaviour and to promote circular economy. / Trots allmänt ökad medvetenhet om avfallet vid konsumtion och bortskaffande av produkter, är avfall från råmaterialutvinning och produktionsfaser vanligtvis osynligt för konsumenterna. I detta avseende föreslogs nyligen en avfallsindikator för produktavfall baserat på livscykeltänkande för att hantera detta kunskapsgap, vilket ger en bättre förståelse för miljökonsekvenserna av människors konsumtionsbeteende. Att använda avfallsfotavtryck som en miljöindikator skulle vara begränsande för att fånga upp en produkts totala miljöpåverkan. Å andra sidan är den strikta tolkningen av livscykelbedömningen ganska teknisk, kostsam och ineffektiv för att kommunicera med bredare publik. Därför kvarstår behovet av enklare och billigare alternativ som PWFindikatorn för miljöbeslut och kommunikation. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på om avfallsfotavtryck är en bra proxy för livscykelns miljöpåverkan för olika produkter. Data för 1400+ produkter från olika produktkategorier (jordbruk, skogsbruk, animaliska produkter, basmetall och legeringar, kemikalier, glas och andra icke-metalliska produkter; maskiner; malmer, mineraler och bränslen; bearbetade biobaserade produkter) samlades in från Ecoinvent 3.5 cut-off databas med Brightway2 LCA-ramverk. Resultaten från linjära regressionsanalyser tyder på att det finns ett statistiskt signifikant och positivt samband mellan avfallsfotavtryck och miljöskador på ekosystemets mångfald, människors hälsa och resurstillgänglighet. Regressionsmodellerna kan förklara upp till 90% av variansen i miljöskador och de förutsäger upp till runt 0,8% ökning av miljöskadorna för varje 1,0% ökning av avfallets fotavtryck. Den starka kopplingen mellan avfallsfotavtryck och miljöskadeangivare tyder på att avfallets fotavtryck är en stark kandidat för att vara en del av miljöhållbarhetskommunikationen mellan produktföretag, kunder och andra beslutsfattare i produktförsörjningskedjorna. Även om avfallets fotavtryck inte syftar till att ersätta andra miljöindikatorer, kan det användas för att öka kundernas medvetenhet om det osynliga avfallet, påverka konsumtionsbeteendet och för att främja cirkulär ekonomi.

When looking at shopping online there is a large amount of waste and mass consumption associated with it, therefore the topic of sustainability within e-commerce is a rising. There is research within shopping more sustainably for fashion and beauty, however there is a gap in the market when looking at the electronic goods sector. This thesis aims to add to the existing literature by showing shopping platforms how consumers interact with different sustainability indicators and whether they understand the value of sustainability indicators when looking at electronic goods. Thus, the purpose is to understand further the potential for shopping platforms to change the way consumers shop when given the opportunity to see sustainability indicators that are checked externally, in the electronic industry. An online survey took place to ask 160 respondents their opinions on sustainability and electronic e-commerce. The results showed that both social and environmental indicators were important. However, the working conditions of workers ranked higher than issues such as female-owned businesses, whereas environmental indicators were closer in their rankings. Furthermore, the results highlighted that the importance is not as much on whether the indicators are rankings or stand-alone indicators, but more that they are validated and transparent. People want to shop more sustainably and therefore if the information from this thesis is used by shopping platforms to showcase what companies do to be more sustainable, the hope it that brands will start to make those changes too.

As the 1960s Environmental movement has grown, sustainability and justice discourses have come to the fore of the movement. While environmental justice discourse considers the unequal effects of environmental burdens, the language that frames "sustainability" is often socially and politically neutral. This thesis critically examines sustainability initiatives and practices of an urban farming organization in Florida. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in 2017, I explore the extent to which these initiatives incorporate race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class when working to provide sustainably grown food in diverse communities. I argue that the organization's focus on justice for the environment, rather than for communities, and education as a barrier in low-income, food desert neighborhoods neglects to integrate experiences of those living on the margins into their initiatives. This research raises awareness of the need for a critical examination of sustainability in practice and a politically aware incorporation of environmental justice themes into sustainability agendas.

The project focuses on the center of Tensta. The municipality of Stockholm has identified multiple developing areas in Stockholm, one of them being Tensta and especially Tensta centrum.  The main focus of this project is to think about and implement social and environmental sustainability through architecture. A big garage complex sits quite empty in the center of Tensta today, taking up valuable place of the center. In this project the garage complex is disassembled and its parts re- and upcycled to fit a new building in the site. The building's program consists of Järva stadsdelsförvatlning (Järva city administration office), Tensta library and a restaurant. A new square is also designed to make the center of Tensta a more welcoming place.