Several sectors of society have now concentrated their efforts on finding means to make compatible the levels of economic growth and production, with the maintenance of environmental quality and the preservation of natural, material and energy resources. In this context, the development of techniques aimed at minimizing environmental impacts, especially in relation to waste produced by the agroindustry, can reduce the impact of economic activity on the environment, such as the use of these wastes in the generation of new products with higher added value, For human consumption. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of pulp residues of acerola and umbu cajá in the elaboration of food flours with application in the production of cupcake type cakes. The collected residues, food flours and cupcakes were characterized by the physical-chemical parameters (acidity, pH, soluble solids, vitamin C, lipids, water activity, moisture, ashes, protein and carbohydrates) and microbiological parameters (Coliformes at 45ºC, Salmonella and mold and yeast). To obtain the flour, two drying temperatures (60ºC and 70ºC) were adopted. The analysis of minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc) was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the effect of the temperatures adopted on the nutritional constituents. Cupcake cakes were processed in a total of five formulations: 5% (Type I), 10% (Type II), 15% (Type III) and 20% (Type IV) Of wheat (in relation to the total weight of the wheat flour) and the standard formulation without the addition of flour. The quality of the cakes was evaluated through physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial parameters (acceptance test and purchase intention) in addition to shelf-life analysis. The results showed that at 60ºC drying temperature the nutritional constituents had a stable behavior when compared to the temperature of 70ºC. The results of the sensorial evaluation showed that levels of up to 20% of the addition of the acerola residue meal and umbu cajá presented satisfactory scores on the sensorial attributes evaluated. Thus, formulations containing 20% of FRA and FRU were selected for the other analyzes. It was observed that with the increase of FRA and FRU proportions in relation to wheat flour, there was a reduction in the energy value and the proportion of carbohydrates in the formulation containing 20%. There was no significant difference between the values of moisture, ashes, proteins and lipids. The storage of the cakes was satisfactory in a period of 7 days. It can be concluded that the residues meal of acerola and umbu cajá can be added in products such as cakes and the like, being able to be offered to the consumers, reducing the waste of food, also presenting good possibility of industrialization. / Diversos setores da sociedade têm atualmente concentrado seus esforços em buscar meios de tornar compatíveis os níveis de crescimento econômico e de produção, com a manutenção da qualidade ambiental e a preservação dos recursos naturais, materiais e energéticos. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de técnicas que visem minimizar os impactos ambientais, principalmente quanto aos resíduos produzidos pela agroindústria, pode reduzir o impacto da atividade econômica no meio ambiente, a exemplo do emprego desses resíduos na geração de novos produtos, com maior valor agregado, para o consumo humano. O presente trabalho de tese objetivou avaliar o potencial de resíduos de polpas de acerola e umbu cajá na elaboração de farinhas alimentícias com aplicação na produção de bolos tipo cupcake. Os resíduos coletados, as farinhas alimentícias e os cupcakes foram caraterizados através dos parâmetros físico-químicos (acidez, pH, sólidos solúveis, vitamina C, lipídios, atividade de água, umidade, cinzas, proteína e carboidratos) e microbiológicos (Coliformes a 45ºC, Salmonella e bolores e leveduras). Para obtenção das farinhas, foram adotadas duas temperaturas de secagem (60ºC e 70°C). A análise de minerais (sódio, potássio, cálcio, ferro, manganês, cobre e zinco) foi realizada com o intuito de analisar o efeito das temperaturas adotadas sobre os constituintes nutricionais. O processamento dos bolos tipo cupcake foi desenvolvido, totalizando cinco formulações, sendo 5% (Tipo I), 10% (Tipo II), 15% (Tipo III) e 20% (Tipo IV) das farinhas alimentícias obtidas em substituição parcial da farinha de trigo (em relação ao peso total da farinha de trigo) e a formulação padrão, sem adição de farinha alimentícia. A qualidade dos bolos foi avaliada através dos parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e sensoriais (teste de aceitação e intenção de compra) além da análise de vida de prateleira. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que à temperatura de secagem 60ºC os constituintes nutricionais tiveram comportamento estável quando comparados à temperatura de 70ºC. Os resultados da avaliação sensorial mostraram que níveis de até 20% de adição de farinha de resíduo de acerola e umbu cajá apresentaram escores satisfatórios nos atributos sensoriais avaliados. Dessa forma, as formulações contendo 20% de FRA e FRU foram selecionadas para realização das demais análises. Observou-se que com o aumento das proporções de FRA e FRU em relação à farinha de trigo, houve redução do valor energético e da proporção de carboidratos na formulação contendo 20%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas e lipídios. O armazenamento dos bolos mostrou-se satisfatório num período de 7 dias. Conclui-se que as farinhas de resíduos de acerola e umbu cajá podem ser adicionadas em produtos como bolos e similares, podendo ser oferecidos aos consumidores, reduzindo-se o desperdício de alimentos, apresentando também boa possibilidade de industrialização.

This research aims to understand how environmental sustainability in areas of rural settlements can be made possible on the basis of ethics that seeks respect for sociobiodiversity. Therefore, we intend to anchor our study in theoretical reflections on ethics, sustainability and environment, with special attention to the philosophical thought of Albert Schweitzer, which prioritizes the ethics of reverence for life turned not only to humans but to all forms of existing life including Nature - an Ethics of Respect. We aim to prove that there is an ethic of implicit respect of the settlers in land of agrarian reform projects linked to Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), as an alternative to environmental sustainability in all its surroundings, keeping legally protected areas, such as: legal reserve environment, conserving legally protected areas, such as: Legal Reserve, Conservation Unit and Permanent Preservation Areas. The study was philosophical theoretical character, and the empirical field research conducted in fifteen settlements in the South Central region of the State of Sergipe, in the municipalities of Tobias Barreto, Poço Verde, Simão Dias, Pinhão and Macambira. Settlers underwent semistructured interviews concerning environmental activities in the settlement, whose answers led us to consider that there is an innate respect Ethics thus demonstrating its viability to environmental sustainability site. We find in each setting an ethic of respect internalized, fostered by the correlation of reverence and direct dependence on nature, since they perceive the importance of the ecosystem in their surroundings, helping them to survive collectively when mediated by the formation of self-awareness process leading to the ethical way of mutual respect in promoting sociobiodiversity / Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender de que forma a sustentabilidade ambiental em áreas de assentamentos rurais pode ser viabilizada com base numa ética que vise o respeito à sociobiodiversidade. Nesta perspectiva nos ancoramos em reflexões teóricas sobre ética, sustentabilidade e ambiente, conferindo especial atenção ao pensamento filosófico de Albert Schweitzer, o qual prioriza a ética de reverência pela vida voltada não apenas para o ser humano, mas a toda forma de vida existente na Natureza baseado numa Ética do respeito. Almejamos comprovar que há uma ética do respeito implícita em assentados nos projetos de reforma agrária vinculados ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), enquanto uma alternativa para a sustentabilidade ambiental em todo o seu entorno, conservando áreas legalmente protegidas, como por exemplo: Reserva Legal, Unidade de Conservação e Áreas de Preservação Permanente. O referido estudo teve caráter teórico filosófico, sendo o campo empírico realizado em quinze assentamentos da Região Centro Sul do Estado de Sergipe, localizados nos municípios de Lagarto, Tobias Barreto, Poço Verde, Simão Dias, Pinhão e Macambira. Os assentados foram submetidos a entrevistas semiestruturadas relativas às atividades ambientais desenvolvidas no assentamento, cujas respostas levou-nos a considerar que há uma Ética do respeito inata evidenciando, portanto, sua viabilidade para uma sustentabilidade ambiental local. Encontramos em cada assentado uma ética do respeito internalizada, fomentada pela correlação de reverência e dependência direta com a natureza, uma vez que os mesmos apreendem a importância do ecossistema no seu entorno, auxiliando-os a sobreviverem coletivamente quando mediados pelo processo formativo de autoconsciência que os conduzem pela via ética do respeito mútuo na promoção da sociobiodiversidade.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-09T17:02:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Maria Melo Crispim -2016.pdf: 2337731 bytes, checksum: be9cc8fc9e175fce8a87f605ac91a4e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-09T17:02:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Maria Melo Crispim -2016.pdf: 2337731 bytes, checksum: be9cc8fc9e175fce8a87f605ac91a4e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-09T17:02:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Maria Melo Crispim -2016.pdf: 2337731 bytes, checksum: be9cc8fc9e175fce8a87f605ac91a4e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-07 / The energetic, political and economic crisis in which Brazil has been going through, stirred the interest in presenting an insight into the importance of environmental sustainability and energetic efficiency in the premises of UFG -Regional Catalão. The objective of this work is to identify initiatives on practical studies existing on the subject, providing a framework of information that will help the university to create and implement an energetic efficiency management plan. For this, we used the observatory research, literature and documents. The results showed that the UFG -RC does not have many actions to the proposed theme. And finally, pointed viable alternatives to implementing practices aimed at environmental sustainability with a focus on energy efficiency in the institution. / A crise energética, política e econômica pelas quais o Brasil vem passando, despertou o interesse em apresentar uma visão sobre a importância sustentabilidade ambiental com foco em eficiência energética nas instalações da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Regional Catalão (UFG-RC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar iniciativas relacionadas sobre a necessidade e importância de ações voltadas à eficiência energética, adotadas pelas instituições de ensino superior em funcionamento, que podem ser replicadas. Para isso, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e observacional. Os resultados mostraram que a UFG-RC ainda não possui muitas ações voltadas ao tema proposto. Diante disto, foram apontadas alternativas viáveis para implementação de práticas voltadas a sustentabilidade ambiental com foco na eficiência energética na Instituição.

A transgressão de determinados limites na apropriação da natureza pela sociedade vem explicitando o impasse na forma como se dá essa relação, levando pesquisadores de diversas áreas do conhecimento a centrar atenção sobre o problema. A diversidade de métodos, correntes ideológicas e pressupostos teóricos que definem tais pesquisas, levam a uma realidade em que, um dos raros pontos de consenso está na necessidade fundamental de uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Dentre todas as ciências, a Geografia, em função das características de seus objetos e métodos específicos, é aquela que reúne os melhores recursos teórico-metodológicos para abordar a questão de uma forma mais abrangente e integrada. Um dos conceitos fundamentais na análise das intervenções humanas, e das conseqüências destas sobre o ambiente é sustentabilidade. Diante da ampla gama e diversidade de abordagens sobre o tema, torna-se necessário definir critérios a partir dos quais seja possível mensurar a dimensão da relação custo/benefício das diferentes formas de intervenções humanas sobre o ambiente, sob as perspectivas sociais, econômicas e ambientais. Neste sentido, configura-se como fundamental a definição de indicadores de sustentabilidade e de métodos de avaliação desses indicadores, de forma a permitir estabelecer análises comparativas que possibilitem gerar subsídios para tomadas de decisões e, com isto, conduzir a uma relação mais equilibrada entre sociedade e natureza. O trabalho objetivou, através de uma abordagem sistêmica, verificar de que maneira a Geografia pode contribuir na busca de soluções para esses problemas. Buscou-se como objetivo principal, aplicar uma metodologia para a mensuração da sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental, dentro de uma perspectiva sistêmica, através de um modelo de avaliação e integração de indicadores de sustentabilidade. A premissa central em que se apoiou a pesquisa consistiu na concepção de que as análises sócio-ambientais e, portanto, as relações sociedade-natureza sejam elas sustentáveis ou não -, podem ter sua funcionalidade apreendida e até mensurada na perspectiva sistêmica. Procurou-se, como hipótese central, responder à questão: É possível mensurar a sustentabilidade sócio ambiental de uma comunidade tradicional, aplicando variáveis e parâmetros utilizados em metodologias de avaliação de sustentabilidade propostos internacionalmente, a serem aplicados no âmbito das nações? Na busca de respostas a essa questão, optou-se pela aplicação do modelo para a métrica de sustentabilidade denominado Painel da Sustentabilidade (Dashboard of Sustainability) na Comunidade Quilombola da Reserva Extrativista do Mandira, localizada no Baixo Vale do Ribeira do Iguape, com baixa densidade de ocupação e no entorno de diversas unidades de conservação. Tal opção deu-se pelas características peculiares da área, cuja comunidade, apresenta um histórico recente de organização e luta, que resultou, entre outras conquistas, na criação da Reserva Extrativista do Mandira, única Unidade de Conservação Federal com esse diploma legal no estado de São Paulo. O trabalho demonstrou diversas limitações do modelo utilizado quando aplicado à comunidades tradicionais, levando a indagações que resultaram na proposição, em caráter exploratório, de possíveis critérios para a métrica da sustentabilidade, sob a perspectiva geográfica. / The transgression of certain limits on the appropriation of nature by society is explaining the impasse in how this relationship occurs, leading researchers from different fields of knowledge to focus attention on the problem. The diversity of methods, theoretical and ideological currents that define such research lead to a situation where one of the rare points of consensus is the fundamental need for an interdisciplinary approach. Among all the sciences, geography, depending on the characteristics of their objects and methods, is the one that brings together the best theoretical and methodological resources to address in a more comprehensive and integrated way. One of the fundamental concepts in the analysis of human interventions, and its consequences on the environment is \"sustainability.\" Given the wide range and diversity of approaches to the topic, it is necessary to set criteria from which to measure the extent of cost-effectiveness of different forms of human interventions on the environment, under the social, economic and environmental perspectives. In this sense, appears as basic the definition of sustainability indicators and assessment methods of these indicators in order to allow comparative analysis to generate information to enable decision making and, thus, lead to a more balanced relationship between society and nature. The study aimed, through a systemic approach, at verifying how Geography can contribute to finding solutions to these problems. We sought the main objective, to apply a methodology for measuring social and environmental sustainability, within a systemic perspective, using a model of evaluation and integration of sustainability indicators. The central premise on which the research was supported was the conception that the socio-environmental analysis and therefore the relationship between society and nature - whether or not sustainable - may have withdrawn its functionality - and even measured - in the systemic perspective. It was, as central hypothesis, to answer the question: Is it possible to measure the environmental and social sustainability of a traditional community, using variables and parameters used in assessment of sustainability methodologies proposed internationally, to be applied within nations? In seeking answers to this question, we chose to apply the model to measure sustainability called \"Dashboard of Sustainability\" in the Quilombo Community in the Mandira Extractive Reserve, located in the Lower Valley of Ribeira do Iguape River, with low density of occupation and surroundings of various conservation units. This option was given by the peculiar characteristics of the area, whose community has a recent history of organization and struggle, which resulted, among other achievements, in creation of the Mandira Extractive Reserve, the only Federal Conservation Unit with this statute in the state of São Paulo. The study demonstrated several limitations in the model when applied to traditional communities, leading to questions that resulted in the proposition, in an exploratory, of possible criteria for the metric of sustainability, in the geographical perspective.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_Marisa_Maria_Pletsch_Schneider_Vivian.pdf: 1261053 bytes, checksum: a83693f7337d6cb4e3fc226e35727aa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aquaculture sector should be engaged in proposals that reduce the emission of waste seeking alternatives for managing waste that will be generated, ensuring their growth and sustainability. The objectives were to characterize microbial and determine the the proximate composition, amino acids, macro and micronutrients, heavy metals and pointing technology alternatives for the use of scales of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, collected in an industry filleting the western Paraná. The samples of scales were sent to the laboratory for determination of fecal coliforms, total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteria and Salmonella spp. Analyses of crude protein, ether extract and ash were performed. The total content of amino acid scales was performed using HPLC/UV, after acid digestion. Total concentrations of macronutrients, micronutrients and toxic heavy metals were measured after digestion of the samples and perchloric nitro read by atomic absorption spectrometry and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The absence of Salmonella spp. was found in 100% of samples. The fecal coliforms, total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus showed mean values of 1.0 x 101, 4.1 x 101 and 5.0 x 101 CFU/g, respectively. The mean values of crude protein (PB), ether extract and ash were 49.06, 0.22 and 44.51%, respectively. Among the amino acids found in scales include the values of glycine (10.64 g/100 g) and proline (6.78 g/100 g). The amount of calcium (Ca) value was 67.53 g/kg and phosphorus (P) was 33.39 g/kg, given ratio from 1.5 to 2.1 Ca and P. The scales tilapia have contamination enterobacteria and heavy metals (Cd , Cr and Pb), with values above the levels established by law, and may not be used for animal feed, untreated. The results for PB, Ca, P, glycine, proline, among others, in the scales of Nile tilapia, suggest that these can be used as a potential source alternatives for filleting industry. Among the alternatives to the use of the scales, it has been the extraction of collagen and keratin, to use as a filter, fertilizer, substrates and crafts, and also the production of fishmeal and silage. The alternatives presented for use of scales can lead to production and recovery of by-products from this waste of fish, increasing income generation in the industry and reducing the environmental impact / O setor aquícola deve estar engajado em propostas que reduzam a emissão de resíduos buscando alternativas para o gerenciamento dos resíduos que venham a ser gerados, garantindo seu crescimento e sustentabilidade. Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização microbiana e determinar a composição centesimal, aminoacídica, macro e micronutrientes, metais pesados, e apontar alternativas tecnológicas para o aproveitamento de escamas da tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, coletadas em uma indústria de filetagem da região oeste do Paraná. As amostras de escamas foram encaminhadas ao laboratório para determinação de coliformes termotolerantes, coliformes totais, Staphylococcus aureus, enterobactérias e presença de Salmonella spp. Foram realizadas análises de proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e matéria mineral (MM). A quantificação aminoacídica foi determinada em aparelho HPLC/UV, após digestão ácida. Os teores totais dos macronutrientes, micronutrientes e metais pesados tóxicos foram mensurados após digestão nitro perclórica das amostras e leitura por espectrometria de absorção atômica em espectrofotômetro UV-VIS. A ausência de Salmonella spp. foi verificada em 100% das amostras analisadas. Os coliformes termotolerantes, coliformes totais e Staphylococcus aureus apresentaram valores médios de 1,0 x 10 1 , 4,1 x 10 1 e 5,0 x 10 1 UFC/g, respectivamente. Os valores médios de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e matéria mineral foram de 49,06, 0,22 e 44,51%, respectivamente. Entre os aminoácidos encontrados nas escamas destacam-se os valores de glicina (10,64 g/100g) e prolina (6,78 g/100g). O valor de cálcio (Ca) foi de 67,53 g/kg e de fósforo (P) 33,39 g/kg, atendendo a relação de 1,5 a 2,1:1,0 de Ca e P. As escamas de tilápia apresentam contaminação por enterobactérias e metais pesados (Cd, Cr e Pb), com valores acima dos níveis estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, não podendo ser utilizadas para alimentação animal, sem tratamento prévio. Os resultados encontrados para PB, Ca, P, glicina, prolina, entre outros, nas escamas de tilápia do Nilo, sugerem que estas podem ser utilizadas como fonte potencial em diferentes alternativas pela indústria de filetagem. Dentre as alternativas para o aproveitamento das escamas, têm-se a extração de colágeno e queratina, a utilização como filtro, fertilizantes, substratos e artesanato, e ainda, a produção de farinha e silagem. As alternativas apresentadas para utilização das escamas podem levar a produção e valorização de subprodutos provenientes deste resíduo do pescado, incrementando a geração de renda na indústria e diminuindo o impacto ambiental

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana Beatriz Hosken Cunha1.pdf: 2921306 bytes, checksum: fcfea12af2cfc5e01f980d95e54c4495 (MD5) Ana Beatriz Hosken Cunha2.pdf: 363176 bytes, checksum: 185986cc5cf627ee2ca97b52bdd6e631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Starting from our consume habits, which are inserted in a economical order of large scale production, create more and more critical environmental impacts and from the access possibilities to the natural resources of future generations seen as threatened being this, one of the preoccupations approached in the global Agenda 21 and that is inserted in the sustainability paradigm and in the sustainable development, this essay portraits and investigates, through the study case, the dynamics of the partnership and consume relations between the group Design Possível, Private Companies and NGOs, about the project that resulted in the elaboration of a book and twenty pieces of merchandising developed in 2006 and 2007. This reflection was done from the description by different points of view, the acting from the groups, as well as their relations, approaching the creation steps; elaborated by the designers from the group Design Possível, production, tailored by the NGOs and consumed done by the private companies; Girassol comunicações and Redecard. The results showed that we are facing sustainability relations , an action promotion, which contributed to build better environmental relations, to help to reuse raw material, to help to consume materials of good origin. / Partindo-se do pressuposto de que os nossos hábitos de consumo, inseridos numa ordem econômica de produção em larga escala, geram impactos ambientais cada vez mais críticos e que as possibilidades de acesso aos recursos naturais das gerações futuras encontram-se ameaçadas; sendo esta uma das preocupações abordadas na Agenda 21 global e que se insere por sua vez, no paradigma da sustentabilidade e do desenvolvimento sustentável, o presente trabalho retrata e investiga, através do estudo de caso, a dinâmica das relações de parceria e consumo entre o Grupo Design Possível, Empresas Privadas e ONGs, a partir do projeto que resultou na elaboração de um livro e vinte peças de merchandising desenvolvidas nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Esta reflexão foi realizada a partir da descrição pelos diferentes pontos de vista, da atuação dos grupos, bem como das suas relações, englobando as etapas de criação; elaborada pelos designers do grupo Design Possível, produção; confeccionada pelas ONGs e consumo realizada pelas empresas privadas; Girassol Comunicações e Redecard. Os resultados mostram que estamos diante de relações de sustentabilidade , uma promoção de ações, que contribuiu para construir relações ambientais melhores, ajudar a reutilizar matérias-primas, ajudar a consumir materiais de boa origem.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur en miljöfrämjande mobilapplikation kan motivera användare till att agera mer miljövänligt genom persuasiva designprinciper. I denna studie föreslås en uppsättning designprinciper att ha i åtanke vid utveckling av övertygande mobilapplikationer som syftar till miljövänliga beteendeförändringar. Det utvärderades tre existerande miljöfrämjande mobilapplikationer med hjälp av PSD-modellens designprinciper, varav en valdes ut för användarundersökningen. Totalt sex personer deltog i studien och fick testa den valda mobilapplikationen under en veckas tid, i syfte att bekanta sig med applikationens funktioner. I samband med detta fick deltagarna besvara en enkät med allmänna frågor kring deras miljövänliga vanor. Den slutliga fasen inkluderade intervjun, som innehöll frågor gällande deltagarnas åsikter om funktioner och motivationsfaktorer för att använda miljöfrämjande applikationer. Resultatet visade att designprinciperna belöning, individualisering, simulering, självkontroll, normativt inflytande, samarbete, social jämförelse, konkurrens och påminnelser hade störst inflytande på användarnas motivation att använda applikationen och agera miljövänligt. De utvalda designprinciperna berodde huvudsakligen på individuella, sociala och praktiska faktorer. / This study aims to investigate how an environmental mobile application can motivate users to act more eco-friendly by using persuasive design principles. In this study, we identify a set of key principles to consider when designing mobile persuasive technology in order to motivate and influence pro-environmental behavior change. We evaluated three existing mobile applications by using PSD design principles. After the evaluation, one mobile application was selected for usertesting, with a total of six participants. The participants received one week to get familiar with the application and its functionalities . Furthermore, the participants received a survey with general questions about their eco-friendly habits. The upcoming phase included the interview we conducted, which contained questions to bring forward the participants opinions about functions and motivation factors that could affect their usage of eco-friendly applications. The result showed that the design principles rewards, personalization, simulation, self-monitoring, normative influence, cooperation, social comparison, competition and reminders had the greatest influence on the users motivation to use the application and act eco-friendly. The reason of importance for the chosen design principles was mainly due to individual, social and practical factors.

To check rapidly deteriorating environmental conditions, many management tools are being used by different industries. In order to address environmental issues the corporate sector has seen a drastic increase in the use of environmental management systems. There is strong need to check how these environmental management systems are rendering environmental management services. Research shows that environmental management systems are mistakenly expected to prescribe technical and environmental objectives. Without describing what goals an organization must achieve, they lay out a system for management of numerous environmental obligations. Hence environmental management systems are not strategic; they tend to reactively fix issues contingent upon their occurrence and may miss opportunities to avoid problems before they occur. Further, environmental management itself is seen in isolation of a socio-ecological context, which makes environmental management lose ground and operate in a virtual vacuum. Mostly environmental management is identified as an ’agenda’ which runs counter to the overall development of an organization. Provided, environmental management systems can be integrated with basic principles of sustainable development these management systems can be utilized as a launching pad to move organizations towards sustainability. Built to render the administrative services only through a mechanism of self regulation and continuous improvement, these management systems can be used to deliver sustainable product planning. The present study illustrates the possibilities for integration of sustainability objectives into environmental management systems. In our effort to integrate sustainability in environment management systems extensive literature reviews, interviews and a case study (Hammarplast AB) have been used. For the analysis of the current reality, a framework for strategic sustainable development and methods incorporating “backcasting from principles of sustainability” – i.e. templates for sustainable product development and strategic life cycle management – has been used. The use of tools not only illustrates contemporary sustainability gaps but also gives a concrete set of guidance to integrate sustainability in environmental management systems.

The overarching question of this dissertation is in what ways complementary currencies (CC) systems can contribute to environmental sustainability from an institutional and ecological economics perspective. More particularly, the research focuses on household energy consumption, as it is an important target for policy makers in the EU. The first three chapters focus on the emerging trend of using CC systems as top-down instruments for environmental sustainability. Our findings relate to developing a taxonomy of these systems, designing new top-down CC systems adapted to the context of energy savings in the household sector, exploring the influence of these new systems on the quality of motivation in the light of Self-Determination Theory and investigating the acceptability and effectiveness of these systems. In the fourth and last chapter of this dissertation, we approach our research question from a bottom-up angle and, using an inductive methodology, we explore how community currencies could act as an organising instrument capable of helping cohousing communities achieve their energy-efficiency potential. Finally, we conclude by highlighting our contributions regarding the structure and important features of these systems, how they can be used in an ecological economics paradigm, and how they can set rules for collective action in an institutional perspective. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Children across the globe today are continuously being exposed to and affected by various kinds of real-world complexities and challenges; however, research on their knowledge and practices in terms of sustainability is limited, in particular with regards to how preschool- and home-related factors are associated with their learning for sustainability. Since 1998, different types of eco-certification have been awarded by the Swedish National Agency for Education and Keep Sweden Tidy Foundation to promote education for sustainability (EfS) in all areas of education and learning. Despite certificates having been granted in Sweden since 1998, no studies have been conducted at the national level to investigate whether eco-certification has any role to play in children’s learning for environmental and sustainability issues. This knowledge is important to develop pedagogical activities to engage young children meaningfully in learning for sustainability at preschool. This study was undertaken so as to address this research gap in a Swedish context. The overall aim of this study was to enhance the existing knowledge about preschool children’s learning for sustainability in Sweden. The objectives of this study have been to investigate and compare the knowledge and self-reported practices of sustainability among children attending eco-certified and non-eco-certified preschools, respectively, and to explore the extent to which preschool- and home-related factors are associated with children’s knowledge and practices of sustainability. Further, this study explored children’s perceived sources of such knowledge. The term ‘knowledge’ in this text refers to the descriptions of children’s ideas and thoughts. Similarly, eco-certified preschool refers to a school that work explicitly with EfS. The study was designed from a "child’s perspective": this means that it was designed by adults to understand children’s perceptions and actions. Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory and Bruner’s (1961) iconic (image-based) modes of representation were applied in various stages of the study. A conceptual framework was developed within the three-interlocking-circles model of sustainability that illustrates how environmental, social and economic dimensions are interconnected. The concept of sustainability was operationalized in four themes: economic equality, resource sharing, recycling and transport use. With the use of illustrations and semi-structured questions, final-year preschool children (n=53), aged five to six years, and the directors (n=7) at six eco-certified and six non-eco-certified preschools were interviewed, while guardians (n=89) and teachers (n=74) filled out questionnaires. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using content analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), respectively. The quality and complexity of children’s responses were assessed and classified using the SOLO Taxonomy (Biggs & Collis, 1982). The results showed that by the time the children completed preschool, many had acquired some knowledge about how to use money, about the sorting of different recyclable items at home and at preschool, and about the impact of different modes of transport on the environment and people’s lives. They also had ideas about the lives of other children in the world and what it can mean to share resources with other people. There was a positive relationship between children’s declarative (understanding) and functional (practice) knowledge of sustainability issues and the involvement of teachers and guardians in sustainability-related discussions and activities. No statistically significant differences between eco-certified and non-eco-certified preschools in terms of children’s declarative and functional knowledge were found. Parents were reported to be the main sources of children’s knowledge along with the children themselves, teachers and media. The findings offer support for integrating environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability into the daily pedagogical activities of preschools and for giving children opportunities to participate in discussions and practical activities that concern their lives. Further studies are needed to investigate the extent to which different educational activities contribute to developing children’s understanding and behavior when it comes to a sustainable society. / Bakgrund och syfte Dagens barn växer upp i en tid med många konflikter, klimatförändringar, naturkatastrofer, sinande naturresurser, fattigdom och globala hälsohot. Barn är offer eller potentiella offer för dessa omständigheter och de kommer i framtiden att påverkas av dem både fysiskt och socialt. De förhållanden som nämns här kan kopplas samman med frågor om hållbar utveckling. I rapporten Vår gemensamma framtid (Brundtland & Hägerhäll, 1988) definieras hållbar utveckling som ’en utveckling som tillfredsställer dagens behov utan att äventyra kommande generationers möjligheter att tillfredsställa sina behov.’ Hållbar utveckling är ett komplext och omfattande begrepp som innefattar miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska dimensioner. Forskare betonar vikten av att integrera lärande för hållbarhet i förskolans verksamhet (Davis, 2015; Pramling Samuelsson, 2011; Siraj-Blatchford, 2009). Studier visar att familjen och förskolan spelar en viktig roll i yngre barns utveckling av beteende och attityder (Musser & Diamond, 1999; Sigel, Stinson, & Flaugher, 1991; Sylva et al., 2004). Trots detta är forskning om föräldrars och lärares påverkan på utvecklingen av barns förståelse av och praktiserande för hållbarhet mycket begränsad. Sådan forskning är viktig för att kunna utveckla lämpliga strategier för undervisning om hållbarhetsfrågor i förskolan och för att säkerställa en hög kvalitet i utbildningen av de yngsta. Enligt den svenska läroplanen för förskolan (Skolverket, 2011) skall alla förkolor sträva efter att varje barn utvecklar respekt för alla former av liv och att de utvecklar en vilja att visa omsorg om närmiljön. För att främja hållbarhet i svensk utbildning delar Skolverket ut utmärkelsen ”Skola för hållbar utveckling” till förskolor som arbetar systematiskt med lärande för hållbar utveckling (Skolverket, 2014). Förskolor kan också certifieras med "Grön Flagg” av Håll Sverige Rent, som är en del av ett program för miljöskolor inom Foundation for Environmental Education’s (FEE) (Håll Sverige Rent, 2016). Eftersom den här typen av certifierade förskolor uttryckligen arbetar med hållbar utveckling skulle man kunna förvänta sig att arbetet också påverkar barns kunskaper och beteenden vad gäller hållbarhet. Trots att certifikat har beviljats i Sverige sedan 1998 har inga studier genomförts för att undersöka om ekocertifiering spelar någon roll för barns lärande om miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor. Av de få tidigare studier som undersöker denna fråga har ingen fokus på förskolan. Med tanke på att hållbar utveckling också lyfts fram i den svenska läroplanen för förskolan är frågan särskilt angelägen. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie har varit att öka kunskapen om förskolebarns lärande för hållbarhet i Sverige. Studien har undersökt förskolebarns egenrapporterade kunskaper och praktiska färdigheter vad gäller miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska aspekter av hållbar utveckling. Studien har också undersökt samband mellan förskole- och hemrelaterade faktorer och barns kunskaper och praktiska färdigheter vad gäller hållbarhet. Bland annat har relationen till ekocertifiering studerats samt vilka källor till den egna kunskapen barnen uppger. Denna studie definierar inte termen "kunskap"; snarare används termen för att beskriva barns egenrapporterade kunskap genom verbala svar och praktiska handlingar. Begreppet "kunskap" i denna text ska förstås som barnens egna beskrivningar av sina föreställningar och tankar. Egenrapporterade handlingar avser barns egna beskrivningar av vad de gör och hur de utför olika aktiviteter på förskolan, i hemmet eller när de är med vänner och ska hållas isär från observationer av barns agerande. I denna studie kategoriseras förskolor som har fått utmärkelsen Skola för hållbar utveckling eller har Grön flagg-certfikat som ekocertifierade förskolor. Metoder Studiens syn på hållbar utveckling utgår från miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska dimensioner. Dessa tre överlappande dimensioner har operationaliserats genom fyra teman: ekonomisk jämlikhet, dela med sig, återvinning och transportanvändning. Banduras (1977) sociala inlärningsteori och Bruners (1961) kognitiva utvecklingsteori, i synnerhet det bildbaserade sättet att förstå omvärlden, användes i olika steg i studien. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa data samlades in under perioden februari till september 2015. Data samlades in från tolv olika förskolor varav sex var ekocertifierade. Förskolorna fanns i sex kommuner i två län i Sverige. Data om förskolebarnens kunskaper om och praktiska färdigheter vad gäller hållbar utveckling samlades in genom intervjuer och observationer av 53 barn som gick sitt sista år på förskola. Vidare besvarade 74 förskolepedagoger och 89 vårdnadshavare enkäter, och sju förskolechefer som var ansvariga för de inkluderade förskolorna intervjuades. Den regionala etikprövningsnämnden i Umeå hade inte några invändningar mot studiens upplägg som följde Vetenskapsrådets etiska riktlinjer. Data samlades in efter informerat samtycke från förskolechefer, deltagande pedagoger samt deltagande barn och deras föräldrar. Resultat och slutsatser Resultaten visar att många barn i förskolans sista år hade förvärvat viss kunskap om hur man använder pengar, om sortering av olika återvinningsartiklar hemma och i förskolan och om påverkan av olika transportsätt på miljön samt om människors hälsa och välfärd. De hade också viss uppfattning om hur livet ser ut för andra barn i världen och vad det kan innebära att dela med sig av resurser till andra människor. Det fanns ett positivt samband mellan barns deklarativa kunskaper (förståelse) och funktionella kunskaper (praktik) om hållbarhetsfrågor, samt lärarnas och vårdnadshavarnas deltagande i hållbarhetsrelaterade diskussioner och aktiviteter. Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader kunde påvisas mellan ekocertifierade och icke-ekocertifierade förskolor i form av barns deklarativa och funktionella kunskaper. Föräldrar rapporterades vara de viktigaste källorna till barnens kunskap tillsammans med lärare och TV. Flera barn uppgav också att deras kunskap kom från dem själva. Resultaten ger stöd för att integrera miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska dimensioner av hållbar utveckling i förskolans dagliga pedagogiska verksamhet. I studien framträdde betydelsen av att barn ges möjlighet att delta inte bara i diskussioner utan också i praktiska aktiviteter som berör deras liv för vilken kunskap de utvecklar om hållbarhetsfrågor. Ytterligare studier behövs för att undersöka i vilken utsträckning olika utbildningsaktiviteter bidrar till att utveckla barns förståelse och beteende när det gäller ett hållbart samhälle samt hur man kan engagera dem på ett meningsfullt sätt i deras lärande för hållbarhet.