The paper is devoted to the investigation of behavioral equivalences of concurrent systems modeled by Petri nets with silent transitions. Basic τ-equivalences and back-forth τ-bisimulation equivalences known from the literature are supplemented by new ones, giving rise to complete set of equivalence notions in interleaving / true concurrency and linear / branching time semantcis. Their interrelations are examined for the general class of nets as well as for their subclasses of nets without siltent transitions and sequential nets (nets without concurrent transitions). In addition, the preservation of all the equivalence notions by refinements (allowing one to consider the systems to be modeled on a lower abstraction levels) is investigated.

In this thesis we study gradings on blocks of group algebras. The motivation to study gradings on blocks of group algebras and their transfer via derived and stable equivalences originates from some of the most important open conjectures in representation theory, such as Broue’s abelian defect group conjecture. This conjecture predicts the existence of derived equivalences between categories of modules. Some attempts to prove Broue’s conjecture by lifting stable equivalences to derived equivalences highlight the importance of understanding the connection between transferring gradings via stable equivalences and transferring gradings via derived equivalences. The main idea that we use is the following. We start with an algebra which can be easily graded, and transfer this grading via derived or stable equivalence to another algebra which is not easily graded. We investigate the properties of the resulting grading. In the first chapter we list the background results that will be used in this thesis. In the second chapter we study gradings on Brauer tree algebras, a class of algebras that contains blocks of group algebras with cyclic defect groups. We show that there is a unique grading up to graded Morita equivalence and rescaling on an arbitrary basic Brauer tree algebra. The third chapter is devoted to the study of gradings on tame blocks of group algebras. We study extensively the class of blocks with dihedral defect groups. We investigate the existence, positivity and tightness of gradings, and we classify all gradings on these blocks up to graded Morita equivalence. The last chapter deals with the problem of transferring gradings via stable equivalences between blocks of group algebras. We demonstrate on three examples how such a transfer via stable equivalences is achieved between Brauer correspondents, where the group in question is a TI group.

Esta dissertação se propõe a apresentar um estudo comparativo de traduções da obra Romeu e Julieta, de William Shakespeare, no que diz respeito à polissemia, entendida como uma condensação de significados em um só significante e que constitui uma fonte potencial de inequivalência na tradução. Nesta obra, é representada pelas expressões de duplo sentido com conotação obscena, aqui, denominadas jogos de linguagem. A análise se sustenta nos pressupostos teóricos da tradução, com base nos estudos das teóricas Rosa Rabadán e Hurtado Albir, compreendida como um processo interpretativo e comunicativo através do qual um texto fonte não é apenas traduzido à língua alvo, como também inserido em um novo contexto sócio-cultural, tendo em vista sua finalidade específica e seu público alvo. O objetivo é estudar a tradução da polissemia nesta obra, através da comparação e da análise das soluções encontradas em três de suas traduções para o português: Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1998), Bárbara Heliodora (2004) e Elvio Funck (2011). A metodologia consiste, primeiramente, no levantamento e na análise em inglês de passagens com jogos de linguagem que evidenciem a polissemia, aqui delimitadas às falas do personagem Mercúcio. Em segundo lugar, a metodologia consiste na comparação das diferentes soluções oferecidas pelos tradutores à questão da potencial inequivalência que os jogos de linguagem possam representar. A partir dessa comparação e da análise dos jogos de linguagem, espero evidenciar que a tradução dos jogos de linguagem requer um tratamento cuidadoso no que diz respeito à reprodução de sua função comunicativa da comicidade através da exploração do tema da sexualidade. Portanto, a análise do tratamento dado à polissemia pelos tradutores permitirá, também, conhecer seus efeitos na produção de textos da língua alvo e refletir sobre a melhor maneira de reproduzi-los, de modo a propor estratégias para enfrentar esse tipo de problema de tradução que também levem em conta a necessidade de uma adaptação ao contexto social ou à cultura em que serão inseridos e à finalidade de cada tradução. / This thesis proposes a comparative study of different translations of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare concerning the polysemy, defined as a condensation of more than one signified in the same signifier and potential source of equivalence in translation represented in this literary work specifically by double meaning expressions with obscene connotation named jogos de linguagem (language games). The analysis is based on theoretical assumptions of translation that define it as an interpretative and communicative process based on the studies of Rosa Rabadán and Hurtado Albir in which the text of a source language is not only translated into the target language, but also inserted in a new social and cultural context considering its specific purpose and its target audience. It aims at studying the translation of polysemy in this literary work through the comparison and analysis of three of its translations into Portuguese. They are Beatriz Viégas-Faria’s translation, published in 1998, Bárbara Heliodora’s translation, published in 2004, and Elvio Funck’s translation, published in 2011. Firstly, the methodology consists of researching and analyzing some passages with double meaning expressions that display examples of polysemy in the source text, focused on Mercúcio’s speech as a matter of time and organization. Secondly, it consists of comparing different solutions of translation concerning matters of potential non-equivalence the jogos de linguagem may represent. Through this analysis and comparison, I hope to evince that the translation of the jogos de linguagem requires a careful treatment concerning the reproduction of the communicative function of comicality through the exploration of sexuality. Therefore the analysis of the translators’ treatment of polysemy will also allow us to know its effects in the production of texts of the target language and to reflect on the best way of reproducing them in order to propose strategies to solve this kind of translation problem considering the necessity of an adjustment towards the social and cultural context in which they are inserted and the purpose of each translation.

In this paper matrix compression techniques in the context of wavelet Galerkin schemes for boundary integral equations are developed and analyzed that exhibit optimal complexity in the following sense. The fully discrete scheme produces approximate solutions within discretization error accuracy offered by the underlying Galerkin method at a computational expense that is proven to stay proportional to the number of unknowns. Key issues are the second compression, that reduces the near field complexity significantly, and an additional a-posteriori compression. The latter one is based on a general result concerning an optimal work balance, that applies, in particular, to the quadrature used to compute the compressed stiffness matrix with sufficient accuracy in linear time. The theoretical results are illustrated by a 3D example on a nontrivial domain.

We establish multiresolution norm equivalences in weighted spaces <i>L²_w</i>((0,1)) with possibly singular weight functions <i>w(x)</i>&ge;0 in (0,1). Our analysis exploits the locality of the biorthogonal wavelet basis and its dual basis functions. The discrete norms are sums of wavelet coefficients which are weighted with respect to the collocated weight function <i>w(x)</i> within each scale. Since norm equivalences for Sobolev norms are by now well-known, our result can also be applied to weighted Sobolev norms. We apply our theory to the problem of preconditioning <i>p</i>-Version FEM and wavelet discretizations of degenerate elliptic problems.

Esta dissertação se propõe a apresentar um estudo comparativo de traduções da obra Romeu e Julieta, de William Shakespeare, no que diz respeito à polissemia, entendida como uma condensação de significados em um só significante e que constitui uma fonte potencial de inequivalência na tradução. Nesta obra, é representada pelas expressões de duplo sentido com conotação obscena, aqui, denominadas jogos de linguagem. A análise se sustenta nos pressupostos teóricos da tradução, com base nos estudos das teóricas Rosa Rabadán e Hurtado Albir, compreendida como um processo interpretativo e comunicativo através do qual um texto fonte não é apenas traduzido à língua alvo, como também inserido em um novo contexto sócio-cultural, tendo em vista sua finalidade específica e seu público alvo. O objetivo é estudar a tradução da polissemia nesta obra, através da comparação e da análise das soluções encontradas em três de suas traduções para o português: Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1998), Bárbara Heliodora (2004) e Elvio Funck (2011). A metodologia consiste, primeiramente, no levantamento e na análise em inglês de passagens com jogos de linguagem que evidenciem a polissemia, aqui delimitadas às falas do personagem Mercúcio. Em segundo lugar, a metodologia consiste na comparação das diferentes soluções oferecidas pelos tradutores à questão da potencial inequivalência que os jogos de linguagem possam representar. A partir dessa comparação e da análise dos jogos de linguagem, espero evidenciar que a tradução dos jogos de linguagem requer um tratamento cuidadoso no que diz respeito à reprodução de sua função comunicativa da comicidade através da exploração do tema da sexualidade. Portanto, a análise do tratamento dado à polissemia pelos tradutores permitirá, também, conhecer seus efeitos na produção de textos da língua alvo e refletir sobre a melhor maneira de reproduzi-los, de modo a propor estratégias para enfrentar esse tipo de problema de tradução que também levem em conta a necessidade de uma adaptação ao contexto social ou à cultura em que serão inseridos e à finalidade de cada tradução. / This thesis proposes a comparative study of different translations of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare concerning the polysemy, defined as a condensation of more than one signified in the same signifier and potential source of equivalence in translation represented in this literary work specifically by double meaning expressions with obscene connotation named jogos de linguagem (language games). The analysis is based on theoretical assumptions of translation that define it as an interpretative and communicative process based on the studies of Rosa Rabadán and Hurtado Albir in which the text of a source language is not only translated into the target language, but also inserted in a new social and cultural context considering its specific purpose and its target audience. It aims at studying the translation of polysemy in this literary work through the comparison and analysis of three of its translations into Portuguese. They are Beatriz Viégas-Faria’s translation, published in 1998, Bárbara Heliodora’s translation, published in 2004, and Elvio Funck’s translation, published in 2011. Firstly, the methodology consists of researching and analyzing some passages with double meaning expressions that display examples of polysemy in the source text, focused on Mercúcio’s speech as a matter of time and organization. Secondly, it consists of comparing different solutions of translation concerning matters of potential non-equivalence the jogos de linguagem may represent. Through this analysis and comparison, I hope to evince that the translation of the jogos de linguagem requires a careful treatment concerning the reproduction of the communicative function of comicality through the exploration of sexuality. Therefore the analysis of the translators’ treatment of polysemy will also allow us to know its effects in the production of texts of the target language and to reflect on the best way of reproducing them in order to propose strategies to solve this kind of translation problem considering the necessity of an adjustment towards the social and cultural context in which they are inserted and the purpose of each translation.

The aim of this essay is to investigate the translation problems translating a travel book about Paris, with cultural and historic connotations, from French, source language, into Swedish, target language. The method that is used is Nords’ text analysis model, which is functionalist and pragmatic. Her theory of action is based on Vermeers’ skopos theorie and on Reiss’ text typology. Nords’ looping model includes analysis, transfer and synthesis. She focuses on three important aspects which are the translation brief, the role of the source-text analysis and the importance of the functional hierarchy of translation problems. Nord proposes two different translation strategies: Documentary translation and Instrumental translation. The first one is source text oriented and the second one is target text oriented. Our study focuses on pragmatic and cultural equivalence concerning the different aspects as style, lexis (vocabulary) and syntax in the source language and the translation into the target language. The purpose of the translation is target text oriented which means that different strategies, as adaptations and explanations, are used in the target text. The conclusions that are drawn from this study are that historical and cultural connotations, that are present in the source text, require a deep knowledge on the French culture and language, this being a necessary competence for the translator to produce a comprehensible translation for the target text audience.

Esta dissertação se propõe a apresentar um estudo comparativo de traduções da obra Romeu e Julieta, de William Shakespeare, no que diz respeito à polissemia, entendida como uma condensação de significados em um só significante e que constitui uma fonte potencial de inequivalência na tradução. Nesta obra, é representada pelas expressões de duplo sentido com conotação obscena, aqui, denominadas jogos de linguagem. A análise se sustenta nos pressupostos teóricos da tradução, com base nos estudos das teóricas Rosa Rabadán e Hurtado Albir, compreendida como um processo interpretativo e comunicativo através do qual um texto fonte não é apenas traduzido à língua alvo, como também inserido em um novo contexto sócio-cultural, tendo em vista sua finalidade específica e seu público alvo. O objetivo é estudar a tradução da polissemia nesta obra, através da comparação e da análise das soluções encontradas em três de suas traduções para o português: Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1998), Bárbara Heliodora (2004) e Elvio Funck (2011). A metodologia consiste, primeiramente, no levantamento e na análise em inglês de passagens com jogos de linguagem que evidenciem a polissemia, aqui delimitadas às falas do personagem Mercúcio. Em segundo lugar, a metodologia consiste na comparação das diferentes soluções oferecidas pelos tradutores à questão da potencial inequivalência que os jogos de linguagem possam representar. A partir dessa comparação e da análise dos jogos de linguagem, espero evidenciar que a tradução dos jogos de linguagem requer um tratamento cuidadoso no que diz respeito à reprodução de sua função comunicativa da comicidade através da exploração do tema da sexualidade. Portanto, a análise do tratamento dado à polissemia pelos tradutores permitirá, também, conhecer seus efeitos na produção de textos da língua alvo e refletir sobre a melhor maneira de reproduzi-los, de modo a propor estratégias para enfrentar esse tipo de problema de tradução que também levem em conta a necessidade de uma adaptação ao contexto social ou à cultura em que serão inseridos e à finalidade de cada tradução. / This thesis proposes a comparative study of different translations of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare concerning the polysemy, defined as a condensation of more than one signified in the same signifier and potential source of equivalence in translation represented in this literary work specifically by double meaning expressions with obscene connotation named jogos de linguagem (language games). The analysis is based on theoretical assumptions of translation that define it as an interpretative and communicative process based on the studies of Rosa Rabadán and Hurtado Albir in which the text of a source language is not only translated into the target language, but also inserted in a new social and cultural context considering its specific purpose and its target audience. It aims at studying the translation of polysemy in this literary work through the comparison and analysis of three of its translations into Portuguese. They are Beatriz Viégas-Faria’s translation, published in 1998, Bárbara Heliodora’s translation, published in 2004, and Elvio Funck’s translation, published in 2011. Firstly, the methodology consists of researching and analyzing some passages with double meaning expressions that display examples of polysemy in the source text, focused on Mercúcio’s speech as a matter of time and organization. Secondly, it consists of comparing different solutions of translation concerning matters of potential non-equivalence the jogos de linguagem may represent. Through this analysis and comparison, I hope to evince that the translation of the jogos de linguagem requires a careful treatment concerning the reproduction of the communicative function of comicality through the exploration of sexuality. Therefore the analysis of the translators’ treatment of polysemy will also allow us to know its effects in the production of texts of the target language and to reflect on the best way of reproducing them in order to propose strategies to solve this kind of translation problem considering the necessity of an adjustment towards the social and cultural context in which they are inserted and the purpose of each translation.

As shown by Dahmen, Harbrecht and Schneider, the fully discrete wavelet Galerkin scheme for boundary integral equations scales linearly with the number of unknowns without compromising the accuracy of the underlying Galerkin scheme. The supposition is a wavelet basis with a sufficiently large number of vanishing moments. In this paper we present several constructions of appropriate wavelet bases on manifolds based on the biorthogonal spline wavelets of A. Cohen, I. Daubechies and J.-C. Feauveau. By numerical experiments we demonstrate that it is worthwhile to spent effort on their construction to increase the performance of the wavelet Galerkin scheme considerably.

The present paper is devoted to the fast solution of boundary integral equations on unstructured meshes by the Galerkin scheme. On the given mesh we construct a wavelet basis providing vanishing moments with respect to the traces of polynomials in the space. With this basis at hand, the system matrix in wavelet coordinates can be compressed to $\mathcal{O}(N\log N)$ relevant matrix coefficients, where $N$ denotes the number of unknowns. The compressed system matrix can be computed within suboptimal complexity by using techniques from the fast multipole method or panel clustering. Numerical results prove that we succeeded in developing a fast wavelet Galerkin scheme for solving the considered class of problems.