Thesis (M. Comm. (Economic and business science))-University of Pretoria, 2004. / Summaries in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. Based on Kemper's paper, Reference groups, socialism, and achievement, published in American Sociological Review, February 1968. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Gilberto De Nucci / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T21:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_GustavoDuarte_D.pdf: 4560955 bytes, checksum: 46a77f9c7609d08ca99e21f6b7003536 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Os estudos de biodisponibilidade/bioequivalência foram iniciados no Brasil em 1989 e o processo de regulamentação do setor foi iniciado em 1999 pela promulgação da lei de genéricos. A regulamentação do setor tem propiciado grande aumento na qualidade de fabricação dos medicamentos similares e genéricos, já que a realização de estudos de biodisponibilidade visa, em última análise, comprovar a eficácia terapêutica destes medicamentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o planejamento e avaliação de estudos de biodisponibilidade/bioequivalência e desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para quantificação das amostras para os fármacos avaliados (citalopram, ramipril e gliclazida). Adicionalmente, as avaliações dos estudos visam o aprimoramento dos protocolos de estudos futuros para novas formulações destes fármacos e a menor exposição possível do voluntário, respeitando os referenciais básicos de bioética. Os parâmetros considerados para o desenvolvimento dos protocolos clínicos foram: número adequado de voluntários, sexo dos voluntários, tempos de coleta para caracterização do perfil farmacocinético, forma farmacêutica, intervalo entre as administrações, condição de administração (alimentação/jejum) e metodologia analítica a ser utilizada para o doseamento das amostras. Resultados: 1) Para citalopram, o coeficiente de variabilidade intra-sujeito para Cmax e ASClast foram14.09 e 8.38, respectivamente. 2) Para ramipril, o coeficiente de variabilidade intra-sujeito para Cmax e ASClast foram menor para o metabólito ativo, como esperado para em estudos de bioequivalência, confirmando que os fármacos na forma inalterada são mais discriminativos para estabelecer bioequivalência. 3) Para gliclazida, a média geométrica e intervalo de confiança de 90% para a razão Gliclazida/Diamicron (Irelanda) foram 588.68% (90% CI= 491.16, 705.58%) para ASClast e 1395.77% (90% CI= 1116.62, 1744.72%) para Cmax. A média geométrica e intervalo de confiança de 90% para a razão Gliclazide/Diamicron (Brasil) foram 249.16% (90% CI= 207.96, 298.54%) para ASClast, e 188.04% (90% CI= 151.72, 233.05%) para Cmax. A média geométrica e intervalo de confiança de 90% para a razão Diamicron(Brazil)/Diamicron (Irelanda) foram 236.26% (90% CI= 197.12, 283.17%) para ASClast e 225.21% (90% CI= 175.25, 289.42%) para Cmax. Conclusões: 1) As metodologias analíticas desenvolvidas para ramipril, citalopram e gliclazida foram adequadas para rotinas com grande quantidade de amostras para doseamento, como estudos farmacocinéticos ou de biodisponibilidade. 2) A formulação teste de citalopram é bioequivalente a formulação de referência para velocidade e extensão de absorção. Estudos futuros de citalopram podem ser realizados com menor número (14-16) de voluntários, baseado no baixo coeficiente de variabilidade intra-sujeito. 3) A formulação teste de ramipril também é bioequivalente à formulação de referência para velocidade e extensão de absorção. Estudos futuros de ramipril devem ser realizados pela quantificação do fármaco na sua forma inalterada e coletas de amostras até 10 horas após a administração. 4) Com relação ao estudo de gliclazida, as diferenças entre as formulações teste e referências não demonstram bioequivalência. Interessante, é o fato que as formulações de referência [Diamicron Brasil e Irlanda] não são bioequivalentes entre si, indicando diferenças significativas nas formulações de referência produzidas em países diferentes (neste caso particular, Irlanda e Brasil) / Abstract: Bioavailability/bioequivalence studies began in Brazil in 1989 and the regulation of this sector began in 1999 with the promulgation of laws regulating generic medications. The regulations of this sector have been fostering a growth in the production quality of generic and similar medications, since the performance of Bioavailability studies aims, at the end, to prove the efficacy of these medicatons. This work aims at the planning and evaluation of bioavailability/bioequivalence studies, the development of analytical methods for quantifying samples of evaluated pharmaceuticals (citalopram, ramipril and gliclazide). Additionally, this evaluation aims to improve protocols for future studies for new formulations as well as to decrease volunteer exposure to a minimum, respecting basic bioethical principles. The parameters considered for developing the clinical protocols were: the adequate number of volunteers, volunteer gender, sampling times for characterizing the pharmacokinetic profile, pharmaceutical form, interval between administrations, administration conditions such as fasting and non fasting, and the analytical method used for determining sample dosage. Three bioequivalence studies (citalopram, ramipril, gliclazide) were used to demonstrate the parameters considered in developing the clinical protocols. Results: 1) For citalopram, the intra subject CV% for Cmax and AUClast were14.09 and 8.38, respectively. 2) For ramipril, the intra-subject variation (% CV) for both Cmax and AUCs ratios were lower for the active metabolite, as expected in bioequivalence studies, confirming that the parent compounds are more discriminative to establish bioequivalence. 3) For gliclazide, the geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the Gliclazide/Diamicron (Ireland) ratio were 588.68% (90% CI= 491.16, 705.58%) for AUClast and 1395.77% (90% CI= 1116.62, 1744.72%) for Cmax. The geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the Gliclazide/Diamicron (Brazil) ratio were 249.16% (90% CI= 207.96, 298.54%) for AUClast, and 188.04% (90% CI= 151.72, 233.05%) for Cmax. The geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the Diamicron(Brazil)/Diamicron (Ireland) ratio were 236.26% (90% CI= 197.12, 283.17%) for AUClast and 225.21% (90% CI= 175.25, 289.42%) for Cmax. Conclusion: 1) The analytical method developed for ramipril, citalopram and gliclazide were adequate for routines with large quantities of samples, such as pharmacokinetic or bioavailability studies. 2) The citalopram test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference formulation regarding the rate and extent of absorption. Future studies of citalopram can be performed with a lower number of volunteers (14-16), based on the low intra subject CV. 3) Test formulations of ramipril were also bioequivalent to the reference formulation regarding the rate and extent of absorption. Future studies of ramipril need to be performed to quantify the pharmaceutical in its unaltered form alone by collecting samples up until ten 10 hours after administration. 4) Gliclazide was not bioequivalent to its reference formulations. Interestingly, the reference formulations [Diamicron Brazil and Ireland] were not bioequivalent with each other, indicating significant differences in reference formulations produced in different countries / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica

Desde 1964, o Brasil tem lançado programas de políticas públicas para melhorar o acesso da população aos medicamentos considerados essenciais. Em 1999, com a criação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e a introdução dos medicamentos genéricos no mercado brasileiro, o Brasil passou a ter três classes de medicamentos disponíveis no mercado farmacêutico: referência, similar e genérico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a bioequivalência e intercambialidade entre dois antipsicóticos (referência e similar) utilizados pelo Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, contendo 2 mg de risperidona. Foi desenvolvido e validado um método analítico que emprega a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas para a determinação da risperidona (RSP) e seu principal metabólito a 9-hidroxirisperidona (9OH-RSP) em plasma. Para se avaliar a bioequivalência entre os medicamentos foram recrutados 22 voluntários sadios, os quais participaram do estudo clínico conduzido de forma cruzada e aleatória. As coletas sanguíneas para o ensaio de bioequivalência foram realizadas em tubos heparinizados (5 mL) e os tempos de coleta foram 0 (antes da medicação); 0,25; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 3; 5; 8; 12; 24; 48; 72; 96 e 120 horas após a administração da medicação. A determinação da bioequivalência entre os dois medicamentos deu-se através da comparação dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos: concentração plasmática máxima (Cmax), tempo para atingir a concentração plasmática máxima (Tmax) e área sobre a curva de decaimento plasmático (ASCT). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e foi adotado o intervalo de confiança de 90% (IC 90%). Os valores médios para Cmax, Tmax e ASCT para RSP para os medicamentos referência e teste foram 16,02 ng/mL; 1,5 h e 348,94 ng.h/mL e 12,65 ng/mL; 1,5 h e 286,03 ng.h/mL, respectivamente. Já os valores médios para Cmax, Tmax e ASCT para 9OH-RSP para os medicamentos referência e teste foram 21,00 ng/mL; 5,0 h e 821,40 ng.h/mL e 17,85 ng/mL; 5,0 h e 632,92 ng.h/mL. Os valores de IC 90% para Cmax e ASCT para RSP para os medicamentos referência e teste foram 74 a 82% e 76 a 85%, respectivamente, e os valores de IC 90% para os mesmos parâmetros para 9OH-RSP foram 83 a 87% e 75 a 78%, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os medicamentos testados, o que permite concluir que os mesmos não são bioequivalentes e, portanto, não podem ser intercambiáveis / Brazil has launched programmes of public policies aiming to improve essential medicines access for the population since 1964. It was created in 1999 the National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance, which introduced the generic medicines in the Brazilian market, which already had the reference and the pharmaceutical equivalent ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence and interchangeability between two antipsychotics (reference and pharmaceutical equivalent) used by the Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital of the Universidade de São Paulo, containing 2 mg of risperidone. It was developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method for the determination in plasma of risperidone (RSP) and its main metabolite, 9- hydroxy-risperidone (9OH-RSP). To assess bioequivalence between the medicines it was recruited 22 healthy volunteers, which took part in a clinical cross and random studies. The blood collections were performed on heparinizades tubes (5 ml) and runtimes collections were 0 (before medication); 0.25; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 3; 5; 8; 12; 24; 48; 72; 96 and 120 hours after the administration of medication. The determination of bioequivalence between the two drugs was achieved by a comparison of the following pharmacokinetic parameters: plasma concentration (Cmax), time to achieve Cmax (Tmax), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCT). Results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), adopting a confidence interval CI 90%. The average values for Cmax, Tmax and AUCT for RSP were 16.02 ng/ml, 1.5 h and 348.94 ng.h/ml for reference medicines and 12.65 ng/ml, 1.5 h and 286.03 ng.h/ml for testing ones. The average values for Cmax, Tmax and AUCT for 9OH-RSP were 21.00 ng/ml, 5.0 h and 821.40 ng.h/ml for reference medicines and 17.85 ng/ml, 5.0 h and 632.92 ng.h/ml for testing ones. CI 90% for Cmax and AUC (RSP) were 74-82% and 76-85%, respectively. The CI 90% for the same parameters for 9OH-RSP was 83-87% for reference medicines and 75-78% for testing ones. There was significant difference between the products tested, thus one can conclude they are not bioequivalents, therefore cannot be interchanged

Orientador: Gilberto de Nucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Petrellis_MariaCarla_M.pdf: 11345531 bytes, checksum: ffdc235c08929ac07ceecf4c90887171 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A tese de doutoramento intitulada "A questão da passividade na melancolia: paradigma de Hamlef' trata de alguns o questionamentos clínicos sobre a ação da passividade e, conseqüente impacto sobre a relação analítica, num caso de melancolia. Sua descrição teórica é feita a partir das noções de paixão encontradas na literatura filosófica até chegar a psicanálise e sua problemática metapsicológica. As diferentes modalidades de passividade são descritas sob a ótica do sadismo e do masoquismo na teoria fteudiana para permitir uma articulação com a hipótese argumentativa de que é a passividade que faz certa A tese de doutoramento intitulada "A questão da passividade na melancolia: paradigma de Hamlef' trata de alguns o questionamentos clínicos sobre a ação da passividade e, conseqüente impacto sobre a relação analítica, num caso de melancolia. Sua descrição teórica é feita a partir das noções de paixão encontradas na literatura filosófica até chegar a psicanálise e sua problemática metapsicológica. As diferentes modalidades de passividade são descritas sob a ótica do sadismo e do masoquismo na teoria fteudiana para permitir uma articulação com a hipótese argumentativa de que é a passividade que faz certas coisas acontecerem na melancolia. A peça shakesperiana de Hamlet fornece uma perspectiva heurística, ficcional na qual o personagem principal atrai sobre si uma sorte de fatalidade que isola-o do contato com o outro e torna-o cada vez mais passivo. Trata-se de uma passividade curiosa, atípica, intrigante. Uma passividade que transporta rapidamente o leitor à clínica psicanalítica e interpela diretamente o papel do analista na relação transferencial / Abstract: The doctorate thesis entitled "The issue of passivity in melancholy: the paradigm of Hamlef' deals with some clinical questionings about the action of passivity and its consequent impact on the analytical relationship in a case of melancholy. Its theoretical description begins ITomthe notions of passion found in the philosophicalliterature to arrive to psychoanalysis and its metapsychological problematic. The different modalities of passivity are described ITom the standpoint of sadism and masochism in the Freudian theory to better link them to the argumentative hypothesis tOOtpassivity makes certain things OOppen.The Shakespearean play Harnlet offers a heuristic, fictional perspective in which the main character attracts a kind of fatality that isolates him ITomthe contact to the others and makes him increasingly passive. This is a weird, atypical and amazing passivity, which quickly refers the reader to the psychoanalytical clinic and directly questions the role ofthe analyst in the transferential situation / Mestrado / Farmacologia / Mestre em Farmacologia

This qualitative study based on the interpretive/constructivist perspective, investigates the environment in which ODL addresses high and diversified demands for participation in higher education in Botswana. The driving concern for the study is the apparent low enrolments through the ODL mode of delivery in some dual mode institutions in Southern Africa. The scope of the study is the Botswana higher education sector, with UB, which is the only public dual mode higher education institution in Botswana, being the case studied. The main investigation question is “why do some dual mode higher education institutions in Southern Africa continue to enroll lower figures through their ODL than their face-to-face mode of delivery, though ODL is purported to have the potential to increase access more substantially than face-to-face”. Data collection methods are semi-structured interviews and document review. Participants are purposively selected from UB, TEC and MOESD, based on their experience in planning, policy and implementation of the ODL mode of delivery. Qualitative content analysis is the method of analysis. The major findings of the study are that ODL in the UB dual mode system has grown very slowly, resulting in insignificant impact on increasing participation in higher education in Botswana. This study has indicated some external and internal challenges that ODL might experience in some dual mode settings, as well as opportunities that can be taken advantage of to grow the mode. It has also indicated that ODL has the potential to address the challenges of high and diversified demands, if it could benefit from pre-planning, adequate resources, monitored implementation and appropriately trained staff. The conclusion drawn is that Botswana needs ODL for increased participation in higher education. The study ends with possible areas of future research around ICT environment for the growth of ODL and enhancement of equivalency where both ODL and face-to-face are considered for higher education provision. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This applied dissertation was designed to identify the characteristics of students enrolled in a GED® preparation program who transitioned to postsecondary programs at the same institution after passing the GED® test. The characteristics studied included age; gender; ethnicity; prematriculation scores in reading, language, and math in the Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE); and hours spent preparing for the GED® test in an open-entry, open-exit remedial laboratory environment. Through the use of binary logistic regressions to answer the research questions, a prediction model was constructed. The variables that are able to predict an increased likelihood of transition to postsecondary programs were being between the ages of 16 and 24 at the time of enrollment in the GED® program and having an ethnicity category of Asian, White/Caucasian, Hispanic, or Black/African American as opposed to the category of No Report. The variables that significantly predicted a lessened likelihood of transition to postsecondary programs were a grade equivalent of less than 8.9 in the prematriculation TABE reading, language, and math scores. Spending less than 16 hours preparing for the GED® test was also found to lessen the likelihood of transition. The findings of this study are important to adult education practitioners, tutors, teachers, and administrators who are responsible for GED® programs. Through application of the prediction model in a similar environment, supportive and interventional mechanisms can be created to increase the number of GED® earners who transition to credit, college preparation, and vocational programs.

The purpose of this study was to examine the GED-ON-TV project operated by Muncie Community Schools in 1986-87, and to look at the effect of the program on under-educated adults in east central Indiana. The study also offered recommendations for improving the operation of the GED-ON-TV project for use by other adult education providers throughout Indiana and the country.GED-ON-TV began to broadcast a series of 43 television in Muncie, Indiana, in November, 1986. The programs were designed by Kentucky Educational Television specifically for adult high school drop-outs who wished to prepare to take the General Educational Development (GED) Tests, and earn a high school equivalency credential. The series featured programs on reading, social studies, science, writing and math.The target population for the series was the 41,150 drop-outs in the six east central Indiana counties, who received the WIPB-TV signal, and who left high school somewhere between theprocedures used ninth and eleventh grade. The counties participating in the project were Blackford, Delaware, Henry, Jay, Madison and Randolph.A massive advertising campaign was launched to recruit students from throughout the area. The promotional campaign resulted in 994 inquiries to an "800" telephone number. Of these, 498 students enrolled in the program. At the end of the series, 157 adults took the GED Tests and 134 passed and received a high school equivalency certificate.The project surveyed all students who enrolled in the program and learned that over 58 per cent claimed that the learn-at-home series was the first contact they had had with any adult education program.This study explains in detail the operating by the project and offers 11 specific recommendations for improvement of the project that may be used by other adult education providers wanting to begin a GED-ON-TV program. / Department of Telecommunications

A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Education. / This research is an attempt to reveal aspects of History teaching concealed in conventional or popular beliefs about the Black Matriculation pass/fail statistics. The classroom practices of two History teachers are described. One comes from an "achieving" Soweto secondary school. The school is popularly contrived as an "achieving" school because it is known in the community for producing better than average DET Matriculation results. The classroom practices of another teacher. from an "underachieving" school. are also described. This school is known in the community for producing lower than average DET results over a number of years. These classroom practices are illuminated against the backdrop of the high pass/low failure rate during the eighties, with particular reference to the year 1989. This is the year in which the DET matriculation pass/failure rate was the worst in the decade of the eighties. (Abbreviation abstract) / Andrew Chakane 2019

Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--Mahidol University, 2007. / LICL has E-Thesis 0025 ; please contact computer services.