The study aimed to investigate and critically analyze claims management, an ethical issue in insurance companies in Nigeria, to find out if these insurance companies recognize it to be an ethical issue and also to find out how they handle insured’s claims. A qualitative research method was used in carrying out this study; data was sourced through interviews and by secondary data using literatures from books, journals, articles, and electronic websites. The researchers used purposive sampling to select some top insurance companies in Nigeria; in these insurance companies basically personnel working in the claims department were interviewed, also sales agents from two of these insurance companies were interviewed. Data was sourced from two insurance broking firms in Nigeria by interviewing their top personnel, and also some of the insuring public with and without insurance policies was interviewed. The analytical strategy adopted in this research work was to rely on theoretical propositions. This study made use of Jones (1991) moral intensity model. Based on the analysis of data collected during the interview, the study revealed that insurance personnel in claims administration who take decision on insured’ claims in Nigeria recognize that there is a moral dilemma in their act and they discharge this responsibility professionally and ethically sticking to the rules of the business. Also the characteristics that constitute moral intensity model; proximity, social context, probability of effect, concentration of effect and magnitude of consequence offered by Jones (1991) influence the moral decision making process and moral behavior of claims personnel in Nigeria insurance companies. But due to some challenges faced by these personnel in discharging their duty and some lapses from their side and the insured’s there have always been complaint on claims. However they acknowledge that no one is perfect therefore they are open to getting feedbacks from their clients on the way they feel about their claims which they look into and make necessary amendments where needed. This study concluded with proposition for future researchers to look into how the challenges encountered by personnel managing insured’s’ claims in insurance companies in Nigeria can be dealt with and to find out how insurance companies in Nigeria can gain the awareness of the insuring public and make them understand the terms and conditions of insurance service. / kemi987@yahoo.co.uk, +46760825772

The study aimed to investigate and critically analyze claims management, an ethical issue in insurance companies in Nigeria, to find out if these insurance companies recognize it to be an ethical issue and also to find out how they handle insured’s claims. A qualitative research method was used in carrying out this study; data was sourced through interviews and by secondary data using literatures from books, journals, articles, and electronic websites. The researchers used purposive sampling to select some top insurance companies in Nigeria; in these insurance companies basically personnel working in the claims department were interviewed, also sales agents from two of these insurance companies were interviewed. Data was sourced from two insurance broking firms in Nigeria by interviewing their top personnel, and also some of the insuring public with and without insurance policies was interviewed. The analytical strategy adopted in this research work was to rely on theoretical propositions. This study made use of Jones (1991) moral intensity model. Based on the analysis of data collected during the interview, the study revealed that insurance personnel in claims administration who take decision on insured’ claims in Nigeria recognize that there is a moral dilemma in their act and they discharge this responsibility professionally and ethically sticking to the rules of the business. Also the characteristics that constitute moral intensity model; proximity, social context, probability of effect, concentration of effect and magnitude of consequence offered by Jones (1991) influence the moral decision making process and moral behavior of claims personnel in Nigeria insurance companies. But due to some challenges faced by these personnel in discharging their duty and some lapses from their side and the insured’s there have always been complaint on claims. However they acknowledge that no one is perfect therefore they are open to getting feedbacks from their clients on the way they feel about their claims which they look into and make necessary amendments where needed. This study concluded with proposition for future researchers to look into how the challenges encountered by personnel managing insured’s’ claims in insurance companies in Nigeria can be dealt with and to find out how insurance companies in Nigeria can gain the awareness of the insuring public and make them understand the terms and conditions of insurance service.

The thesis is dealing with ethical aspects of the end of human existence. The first part of this work is focused on the issues of dying and death, especially in the understanding and development of death at the time. The process of dying, along with changes in the history of death brings with it certain ethical and moral issues that are further specified. Subsequently the thesis covers palliative care and its ethical principles. The final section presents an ethical problem and dilemmatic situations that workers in hospice facility may confront. It focuses on ethical decisions and actions of workers.

This piece of work is concerned with the ethical issues of the new social phenome-non which is environmentalism considered to be. In the introductory part there is a summary done about the elemental ways how to look at the human being and it is fur-thermore compared with the environmentalistic point of view. On that is looked from many different perspectives ? scientific, political and religious one. These perspectives confirmed the direct and visible application of the environmentalistic thoughts within current society at first in the theoretical level and then within the next part of this work also in the practical level. Under the terms of the quantitative research in the field of the social work the three set theories have also been confirmed. Direct links between the environmentalistic influence, social work and the application the environmentalistic ideas to the direct work with the clients were confirmed.

Les anomalies morphologiques sévères ou congénitales sont l'une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité infantile. Certaines de ces pathologies diagnostiquées en anténatal sont difficilement compatibles avec une survie postnatale. Il arrive que des femmes choisissent, malgré tout, de poursuivre la grossesse et les soins palliatifs périnatals apparaissent comme une des réponses à apporter. Ils constituent à l’échelle internationale un nouveau domaine de pratique clinique avec des dilemmes décisionnels. Il importe d’identifier les déterminants qui influencent les modes de résolutions de ces tensions éthiques. Notre travail explore les perceptions et les pratiques des professionnels susceptibles de faire sens à une demande de poursuite de grossesse en intégrant dans leur démarche l’incertitude inhérente à la période postnatale. Cette réflexion vise à questionner la normativité effective dans la pratique de l’interruption médicale de grossesse notamment, face aux dilemmes et divergences qui alimentent les prises de décisions et les pratiques professionnelles autour des soins palliatifs néonatals. Notre recherche s’articule autour de trois axes : premièrement, étude qualitative, des perceptions d’experts de la périnatalité vis-à-vis des pathologies fœtales létales et des soins palliatifs périnatals : représentations, opinions et pratiques professionnelles ; ensuite, enquête, à l’échelle nationale, de la démarche palliative périnatale à partir des perceptions et des pratiques professionnelles ; et en dernier lieu, approche éthique de la démarche palliative à partir du diagnostic d'anomalies fœtales létales et des pratiques professionnelles en médecine périnatale. / Severe or congenital morphologic anomalies are one of the main causes of infantile morbidity and mortality. Some of these antenatally diagnosed pathologies are difficult to get compatible with postnatal survival. In this context, some women choose to continue with pregnancy. Subsequently, perinatal palliative care seems to be a constructive answer to offer in such situations. It constitutes, at international level, a new clinical practice where decision dilemmas exist (prognostic uncertainty, prolonged survival, and attachment to the infant). It might be necessary to identify the factors that can affect the way of dealing with these ethical tensions. Without any national data, our work explores the perceptions and professional practices susceptible to influence parental request for continuing with pregnancy, despite the uncertainty corresponding to the postnatal condition of a newborn with lethal pathology. This thinking aims to question and debate the normativity that is to be effective especially in medical termination of pregnancy, confronting the dilemmas and divergences that affect decision taking and professional practice in neonatal palliative care.Our research revolves around three perspectives: Firstly, and at a local level, qualitative study of expertise perceptions of perinatality regarding lethal fetal pathologies and perinatal care: representations, opinions and professional practices; secondly,and at a national level, investigation of initiatives taken in perinatal care based on perceptions and professional practices; thirdly,ethical approach to the medical care as inspired by these lethal fetal pathologies and professional practices in perinatal medicine.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad tidigare forskning har kommit fram till vad gäller möjligheter och begränsningar i arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation i förhållande till kommunikation mellan barn och pedagoger och barns delaktighet. Syftet var även att synliggöra vilka etiska dilemman som uppstår, kopplat till barns delaktighet och kommunikationen mellan barn och pedagoger. För att besvara vårt syfte och frågeställningar har vi valt att göra en systematisk litteraturstudie som innebär att vi på ett systematiskt sätt har sökt efter vetenskapliga artiklar och avhandlingar inom vårt valda forskningsområde pedagogisk dokumentation och därefter genomfört en tematisk analys. Vårt resultat visar att pedagogisk dokumentation är ett mångfacetterat och komplext verktyg som kan tolkas på olika sätt beroende på pedagogernas förhållningssätt och perspektiv de utgår från. Pedagogisk dokumentation är ett verktyg som ska möjliggöra både för barns delaktighet och för kommunikation mellan barn och pedagog men vårt resultat visar dock att den kommunikation som sker mellan pedagoger och barn är målorienterad och strategisk, vilket i sin tur påverkar barns möjligheter att vara delaktiga. Trots att arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation som ska utgå från barns intressen och där de är delaktiga i processen så sker inte detta i praktiken. Den kommunikation som uppstår mellan barn och pedagoger begränsar barnen då pedagogerna förhåller sig till ramarna inom det Reggio Emilia-inspirerade arbetssättet.