Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-13T18:46:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 empreendedorismo_internacional.pdf: 17153130 bytes, checksum: a5a490df4c6fa52ac21f75db9357b8ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-13T18:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 empreendedorismo_internacional.pdf: 17153130 bytes, checksum: a5a490df4c6fa52ac21f75db9357b8ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar os aspectos que caracterizam a inserção de steak houses de origem brasileira nos Estados Unidos. A análise se dá na ótica dos estudos sobre empreendedorismo internacional, especialmente aquele com características étnicas, uma vez que os mesmos podem ser explicativos para a inserção internacional de alguns empreendimentos. De forma complementar, considera-se os estudos sobre o ambiente de experiência que abordam os efeitos do ambiente durante as experiências interativas de serviços. Entende-se que esses estudos podem também ser explicativos para o entendimento de uma tendência sociocultural voltada à aceitação de produtos e serviços que propiciam uma percepção de identidade cultural ou étnica. Como método de investigação, realiza-se um estudo de caso do tipo exploratório e descritivo de uma steak house de origem brasileira e que atua nos Estados Unidos. A análise dos dados sugere que, a internacionalização em foco da steak house, está associada ao espírito empreendedor dos fundadores e à utilização de recursos adquiridos por meio da experiência combinados com um modelo inovador de serviço. . A análise do caso não revela características reconhecidas pela literatura como predominantes em economias étnicas, como redes sociais étnicas, redes comunitárias e de apoio na inserção e manutenção do empreendimento. Os dados sugerem que a criação de um ambiente que expressa uma tradição cultural pode ser explicativo para a inserção internacional da empresa. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the features of the insertion of steak houses of Brazilian origin in the United States. The analysis takes the viewpoint of international studies on entrepreneurship, especially those with ethnic characteristics, since they may account for the insertion of some international ventures. As a complement, it is considered the studies on the environment of experience that deal with the effects of environment during the interactive experiences of services. It is understood that such studies may also be explaining to the understanding of a sociocultural trend focused on the acceptance of products and services that provide a sense of cultural or ethnic identity. As a method of investigation, there will be an exploratory and descriptive case study of a steak house of Brazilian origin and which operates in the United States. Data analysis suggests that the internationalization of the steak house in focus, is associated with the entrepreneurial spirit of the founders and the use of resources acquired through experience combined with innovative service model. The analysis of the case does not reveal features recognized by the literature as prevalent in ethnic economies, ethnic and social networks, community networks and support in the insertion and maintenance of the enterprise. The data suggest that creating an environment that expresses a cultural tradition can be explanatory for the international integration of the company.

Matěj Hora horamat@gmail.com Stránka 1 z 3 Abstrakt: Práce přispívá do současného stavu poznání na poli výzkumu etnického podnikání a etnických restaurací. Pomocí etnografického přístupu a kombinace terénního výzkumu a opakovaných rozhovorů tato práce blíže zkoumá turecké kuchaře v pražských restauracích. Přesto, že turecká menšina není v České republice početná, restaurací nabízejících turecká jídla je zde mnoho. Nejprve je tedy analyzován prostor, ve kterém se výzkumník pohybuje, poté je rozdělen na dva hlavní typy restauračních zařízení. Hlavní identifikovaní aktéři jsou zasazeni do v sítě vztahů a tyto vztahy s tureckými kuchaři jsou následně interpretovány. Těchto významných vztahů je v práci identifikováno celkem šest. Vztahy s tureckými dodavateli, s rodinou a tureckými zákazníky, jsou označeny jako vztahy intraetnické. Vztahy s ostatními dodavateli, českými zákazníky, netureckými muslimskými zákazníky a ostatními prodejci, jsou potom označeny jako vztahy interetnické. Zachycené vztahy jsou vzájemně propojeny pomocí jídla a procesů s ním spojených. Pomocí důvěrně známých chutí, receptů a ingrediencí se kuchaři vztahují k domovu a skrze jejich nabídku, a to zejména domácími jídly, se prezentují českým zákazníkům. Prostřednictvím jídla nabízeného českým zákazníkům vnímají Čechy jako konzervativní,...

Immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship is a subject that has received increased attention in recent years. Many immigrants or people with ethnic backgrounds different from the majority population run their own businesses, in Sweden as well as in most countries and contexts in the world. However, ambitious research shows that there are great differences in business activity, behaviour and performance between different ethnic groups. Besides, it is easy to argue that differences also occur at the individual level. Thus, a person is not predetermined just because he/she belongs to a definable ethnic group. Another important question is the fact that the industrial setting and the context of the individual firm also affect the activity of the firm and the entrepreneur. E.g. in high tech environments, innovative competences may be of greater importance compared to business activity in the restaurant or retail sectors, where one could imitate already successful concepts. In this dissertation immigrant as well as ethnic enterprises (where ethnic entrepreneurs are those who have clear ethnic involvement in terms of accessing and utilising different forms of ethnic resources) in different industries are studied. The work hypothesis, or rather assumption, is that the industry of the individual business plays an important role for the access to and utilisation of different forms of resources (organisational, financial, cultural, social, human, ethnic). Further, the industry of a business is also assumed to have an effect on the access to and utilisation of ethnic resources and the own ethnicity as a resource. The purpose of this study is to through a number of case studies explore the influence of ethnic background for immigrant businesses in different industries. The focus is on how ethnic involvement, thus ethnic resources, and identity as immigrant and/or ethnic business influence firms in their resource bases and resource acquisition efforts. That is, if the objective ethnic background is important for the firms in their resource acquisition efforts. Since I want to study individual firms in an open and complex way I use a qualitative methodology with a multi-method approach, including ethnographic elements, direct observations, participant observations and interviews. This way, the possibility exists to grasp individual personal and firm characteristics that pay attention to the complexity and variation of immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship, an issue that tends to be forgotten in broad descriptions of the subject. The Kista district hereby provides an interesting example with its high technology context, mixed with a considerable amount of immigrants living in the area. The exploratory study of seven businesses shows that there are important differences between firms in different industries. However, apart from type of firm and kind of venture opportunity exploited, the action mode of the individual(s) involved and the degree of confirmation and legitimacy the businesses have experienced influence and affect the importance of ethnic background for these firms. / <p>QC 20161026</p>

Istanbul est une métropole anatolienne. Destination préférentielle, depuis le début des années 1950, des flux migratoires internes à la Turquie, la ville est devenue comme une maquette démographique de la Turquie au sein de laquelle chaque groupe et chaque habitant exprime ses propres pratiques, manières de vivre, spatialités et traits culturels. Dans ce contexte, l’analyse de la population originaire du département oriental de Gaziantep et de ses pratiques alimentaires montre comment des groupes immigrés instrumentalisent l’alimentation comme moyen d’inclusion dans un très vaste ensemble urbain, à la fois comme outil identitaire et comme mode d’action sur le fonctionnement métropolitain. Originaires d’un département dont la réputation est associée à sa cuisine, les Gaziantepli se construisent, à Istanbul, une identité qui valorise des pratiques alimentaires héritées, des réseaux spéciaux d’approvisionnement, un entrepreneuriat commercial autour de la cuisine, et l’organisation d’événements valorisant la nourriture régionale. Les significations accordées au séjour stambouliote, ainsi que la nature des systèmes de référence utilisés apparaissent comme des facteurs clés de différenciation et, par rétroaction, se traduisent dans les pratiques alimentaires et urbaines des citadins immigrés. En outre, par leurs manières d’utiliser la référence alimentaire comme outil d’urbanité, ceux-ci contribuent à la recomposition urbaine par une redéfinition des citadinités, une complexification des marquages sociaux dans des quartiers en restructuration, la création d’une offre commerciale et culturelle spécifique. Ce rôle d’acteurs urbains repose sur le statut ambivalent des immigrés gaziantepli à Istanbul, entre partage d’une nationalité commune et distance inhérente à une condition immigrée. / Istanbul is an Anatolian metropolis. Since the beginning of the 1950s, the city has become a preferential destination for the internal migratory flows in Turkey. Hence, Istanbul has become to some extent a demographic miniature copy of Turkey, where each group and inhabitant expresses its own practices, ways of life, spatialities and cultural characteristics. It is in such a context that the food practices of the population from the territorial unit of Gaziantep (East of Turkey) are analysed. Through their food pratices we show how an internal immigrant group uses food as a way to include itself within a huge urban space, but also as an identity tool and a way to leave its mark in the functioning of the metropolis. Coming from a region which reputation is linked to its cuisine, the Gaziantepli people build in Istanbul their own identity through inherited food practices, special supply networks, food retailers entrepreneurship and the organization of special events. The very fact of living in Istanbul and the meanings attributed to that, and the system of identity references the Gaziantepli people use in Istanbul are key factors of differentiation. They influence their urban practices and food choices as immigrant city-dwellers. Moreover, thanks to their ways of using food as a tool of urban integration, they contribute to the growing complexity of the metropolis and its urban dynamics, restructuring districts and creating a specific commercial and cultural supply. This role of urban actors does not erase Gaziantepli immigrants’ ambivalent status: they share a common Turkish citizenship but are still tied to their immigrant condition in Istanbul.

Huvudämnet för denna studie är de svårigheter som etniska entreprenörer möter för att etablera sina företag, hur och i vilken utsträckning de drar nytta av sina sociala nätverk, användningen av informella system och konflikthantering. Urvalet av studien består av assyriska entreprenörer som är verksamma inom olika sektorer i Sverige. En detaljerad intervju genomfördes med 20 assyriska entreprenörer. Resultaten av studien visar om den viktiga roll som det privata sociala nätverk som assyriska entreprenörer spelar i etableringsprocessen av företagen och hur entreprenörerna hanterar sina företag. Syftet är undersöka vilka svårigheter assyriska företagare i Sverige har att hitta finansiellt kapital under etableringsfasen och vilka finansieringslösningar de har utvecklat. Tidigare forskning har visat att invandrarföretagare upplever diskriminering vid tillgång till kapital, vilket kan leda till att många företagare lägger ner sina företag. Därför fortsätter forskningen att undersöka problemet med invandrarföretagares tillgång till kapital.  Den här studien är inriktad på den teoretiska grunden för studier om entreprenörskap i småföretag. För det första uppmärksammas betydelsen av faktorer som finansiellt kapital, humankapital och socialt kapital som påverkar företagsstarten. För det andra visas genom en analys av befintliga teorier om etniskt entreprenörskap att det är nödvändigt att beakta teorier om mänskligt, socialt och kulturellt kapital tillsammans. För det tredje betonas att konflikter kan ha en betydande inverkan på företagets framgång. / The main topic of this study is the difficulties that ethnic entrepreneurs face in establishing their businesses, how and to what extent they benefit from their social networks, the use of informal systems, and conflict management. The study's sample consists of Assyrian entrepreneurs operating in different sectors in Sweden. A detailed interview was conducted with 20 Assyrian entrepreneurs. The results of the study show the important role that private social networks play in the establishment process of businesses for Assyrian entrepreneurs and how they manage their businesses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties that Assyrian entrepreneurs in Sweden face in finding financial capital during the establishment phase and what financing solutions they have developed. Previous research has shown that immigrant entrepreneurs experience discrimination in access to capital, which can lead to many entrepreneurs closing their businesses. Therefore, research continues to examine the problem of immigrant entrepreneurs' access to capital. This study focuses on the theoretical foundation of studies on entrepreneurship in small businesses. Firstly, the importance of factors such as financial capital, human capital, and social capital that affect business start-ups is highlighted. Secondly, an analysis of existing theories on ethnic entrepreneurship shows that it is necessary to consider theories of human, social, and cultural capital together. Thirdly, it is emphasized that conflicts can have a significant impact on the success of the business. / <p>QC 20230525</p>

Il presente elaborato esplora il potenziale contributo del concetto di capitale sociale al settore della microfinanza nei paesi industrializzati. Per capitale sociale si intende “la somma delle risorse attuali e potenziali rese accessibili da reti individuali o organizzative di relazioni personali”. La tesi è composta da tre articoli. Il primo, di natura teorica, analizza il settore della microfinanza nei paesi industrializzati mettendone in luce peculiarità e sfide, secondo lo schema teorico proposto da Prior e Argandona. Il capitale sociale dei clienti e è proposto come uno degli elementi chiave per la crescita del settore. Il secondo, quantitativo, tratta il tema dell’imprenditoria etnica, target privilegiato della microfinanza, analizzando su un campione di 60 imprenditori di diverse etnie la relazione tra capitale sociale, cultura del paese d’origine e attitudine dell’imprenditore a intraprendere pratiche di responsabilità sociale d’impresa. Il terzo infine, presenta il caso della Fondazione Welfare Ambrosiano, istituzione di microfinanza operante nel territorio di Milano. L’articolo sottolinea il ruolo fondamentale giocato dal capitale sociale dei membri della Fondazione per la nascita di partneship strategiche, mettendone in evidenza la migliore configurazione di capitale sociale per la nascita e il successo di un’organizzazione non profit. / The dissertation focuses on the concept of social capital, i.e. “the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit” (Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998). My dissertation is composed by three articles which explore the concept of social capital, seeking to provide answer to what its contribute within the microfinance sector.