Inner-state conflicts arising from cultural, ethnic, linguistic and other differences started appearing after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Kazakhstan, being one of the main recipients of the Slavic diaspora in Soviet times encountered the problems of interethnic distrust and alienation after 1991. Despite the fact the Kazakhstani government had announced as its main priority the construction of a civic nation and of the feeling of belonging to one state, it strongly supported Kazakh self-consciousness, which led to several consequences, one of which was intensive emigration of the Slavic population. It has resulted in demographic, socio- economic and interethnic tensions. Despite the fact these were studied to some extent, no comprehensive approach has been taken to analyze these issues. Therefore, this research paper aims to answer the question of how the Kazakhstani nation- building policy influenced the relations between Kazakhs and Russians. Given that the instilling of the national idea can be achieved through many institutions this research focuses on the historical narratives in school and university textbooks; administrative regulations and legislative systems, and their implications for each ethnic group; plus their implementation in the symbolic realm of the cities, which...

In multicultural societies like Canada where cultural diversity always exist, ethnic groups strive to preserve their cultural heritage and not become assimilated by the mainstream culture. Today, ethnic groups such as the Hellenic Community of Ottawa seek innovative means to sustain cultural elements such as ethnic language, religious beliefs, and social, cultural and leisure pursuits. This phenomenological study presents the perspectives of recent administrators of the Hellenic School of Ottawa toward language and cultural maintenance. The results of this study indicate that the Hellenic School of Ottawa is vital and effective for maintaining the Hellenic culture and language beyond the 3rd and 4th generation, as it includes the instruction of Greek language and familiarization with Greek culture. The results also indicate that students of the language school: (1) Are provided with an opportunity to learn Greek which may not be received at home, (2) learn to appreciate their ethnic heritage through language oriented leisure activities, (3) make friendships with those of same ethnic cultural heritage, (4) learn to have a deeper appreciation of multiculturalism and its place in Canadian society, and (5) develop confidence to speak their ethnic language. This study also provides suggestions for the enhancement of the operation of the HSO, such as addition of more Greek-content leisure activities, organization of trips to Greece, and expansion of the instructional time.

Socio-economic processes have long underlined the value of language and ethno-linguistic categories in Canada. The Quiet Revolution, widely considered to be one such process, has resulted in the production of Quebec's English-speaking minority. Although recent studies pertaining to Quebec's English-speaking minority have largely focused on the construction of identity, little research has explored the perceived value of language. While Quebec City’s English-speaking minority is increasingly bilingual, figures suggest that its youth continues to migrate. Through a critical perspective, this thesis explores how Quebec City’s English-speaking minority is navigating the uneven distribution and rising value of bilingualism. Using a qualitative approach, I conducted 15 interviews with participants who attended an English-language high school in Quebec City. Results revealed that participants mobilized ethnic and economic language ideologies as a means to negotiate the value of their linguistic practices and that these language ideologies structured mobility and enabled participants to reposition themselves within a new linguistic market.

This thesis deals with the current issue of refugees on the background of the Syrian civil war and its consequences for stability in the region. With regard to the fact that the crisis in Syria is felt throughout the entire Middle East region, the aim of this work is to map the impact of the conflict on neighboring countries of Syria. Based on the hypothesis, the effects of civil war and refugee phenomenon destabilize the whole region; therefore, my research question concerns political and social implications of the Syrian crisis in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. The work also reveals the vulnerability of these countries, which find themselves in a dangerous situation resulting from the Syrian events. In terms of methodology, this work uses a variety of methods. My research relies especially on the methods of research, description, comparison, analysis and synthesis, historical method and interview method as well. Based on these methods, I will answer the research question through a wide range of impacts, covering security, political, social, ethnic, and economic issues of the analyzed countries.

L’élargissement de l’Union Européenne à vingt-sept états membres, les flux commerciaux constants et la migration des peuples ont engendré une forte diversité ethnique et culturelle au sein de cet espace géographique. La diversité ethnoculturelle croissante se répercute sur les différents systèmes de santé qui sont confrontés au défi de s’adapter à la diversité des prestataires de services médicaux et de leur personnel, ainsi qu’à la diversité des usagers des services médicaux. Nos travaux ont comme point de départ le multiculturalisme apparu en Irlande dans les années 1990 et le processus suivi pour mettre en place une stratégie d’ensemble, ou « Whole Organisation Approach » (WOA), qui sert de cadre aux hôpitaux afin de répondre au mieux à la diversité de leur personnel et à la diversité ethnoculturelle de leurs usagers. Le système de santé en République d’Irlande est intéressant, car il a tenté de planifier et de mettre en œuvre des services de soins et de soutiens qui tiennent compte des besoins spécifiques des minorités ethniques présentes dans un état nouvellement multiculturel. Nos travaux analysent l’étendue de la mise en œuvre de la WOA pour la gestion de la diversité ethnoculturelle dans six hôpitaux en Irlande grâce à la recherche qualitative et identifient les facteurs qui favorisent et freinent la bonne mise en œuvre des trois volets de la stratégie adoptée par l’Irlande qui sont la déclinaison organisationnelle des valeurs de l’organisation, l’environnement de travail et les éléments de service nécessaires à la formation interculturelle. / Europe in the 21st century is a continent of cultural and ethnic diversity. Recent enlargement of the European Union to 27 states, constant flows of free trade and the migration of people have resulted in an increasingly diverse Europe. National health systems face the challenge of accommodating the cultural diversity of healthcare providers and service users. The Irish health system is an example of a national health system which has attempted to implement adequate planning and delivery of care and support services, encompassing the needs of minority ethnic communities (MECs) in a new and rapidly changing multicultural Ireland.This research focuses on the challenges of recent multiculturalism in Ireland and describes the Irish health sector’s process in the construction of the Whole Organisation Approach (WOA) as the framework for Irish hospitals to respond to the management of diversity and the provision of culturally sensitive healthcare service delivery to members of MECs.The aim of the research is to investigate how six hospitals have implemented the Whole Organisation Approach as recommended in the Irish Health Services Executive’s National Intercultural Health Strategy 2007-2012. Research findings indicate to what extent the Irish strategy has been implemented in each hospital and outline factors that promote and impede successful implementation at a hospital level and analyses how each of the three strands, i.e. organisational ethos, workplace environment and service elements necessary to support intercultural training, of the WOA have been implemented across the 6 hospitals.

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22300号 / 理博第4614号 / 新制||理||1662(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 幸島 司郎, 教授 伊谷 原一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Under what configuration of conditions do ethno-territorial conflicts escalate, and under what configurations of conditions is conflict avoided between a minority and the centre in multi- ethnic states? This dissertation employs qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in order to capture the causal patterns of conflict escalation and peace preservation. By simultaneously analysing the causes of conflict and the conditions of peace, this dissertation bridges a significant gap in the existing literature that assumes causal linearity and unifinality. The QCA analysis this dissertation conducts is grounded in empirical evidence from the South Caucasus where, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, three newly independent states emerged and grappled with the accommodation of ethnic-minorities and their evolving identities. The QCA analysis reveals that, contrary to the popular premise that regional autonomy is "an effective antidote" for ethno-territorial wars, autonomy in the South Caucasus was conducive to conflict and the lack of autonomy was conducive to peace. Nevertheless, this dissertation does not suggest that autonomy on its own can explain the complexity of inter-ethnic relations. Rather, it argues that there were multiple configurations of conditions that interacted to produce...

Workplace discrimination exists in the Swedish work environment. Minority groups (such as immigrants, persons from ethno-racial backgrounds different from the majority population, persons of non-normative sexual orientation, gender, or religious background) may experience discrimination or the fear of possible exposure to discrimination in the workplace. This presents an additional form of stress referred to as ‘minority stress’. Minority Stress is added stress to general stressors experienced by all people that is unique to minority groups. In the workplace, workplace discrimination is a psychosocial risk factor which could lead to minority stress. To address this risk, studies aimed at eliminating health and other disparities requires quality and methodologically sound research on racial/ethnic minorities, yet little guidelines are available. This thesis aims to bridge this gap and adopts ethno-racialization and participatory research frameworks to elicit the views and opinions of eight (8) ethno-racialized minorities in Sweden on how survey items investigating workplace discrimination in Sweden could be designed in a sensitive, non-stigmatizing manner that does not reinforce negative stereotypes. Study participants included five men and three women aged between 18 – 45 years old recruited through opportunistic, snowball sampling technique, with Swedish work experience between1 – 10 years, and working across academia, hospitality, communication, and health sectors. Participants responded to survey questionnaire and were interviewed on four key areas: Demographics; Ethno-racialization questions; Sample of various wordings on discrimination questions and Technology related questions regarding data collection, storage, and access.The result from this study show that “language” used in the wording of survey questions directed at ethno-racialized minorities is an important element if/how they respond and interpret questions. In this regard, using unclear and indirect language that is vague, ambiguous in survey questionnaire could lead to multiple interpretations and impact the validity of data collected. The study also found that ethno-racialized persons are not a homogenous group and as such, how they interpret and respond to survey questions indicate differences and reflect their individual preferences. The study concludes that survey items investigating workplace discrimination among ethno-racialized minorities should be designed using language that is direct and considers the varied opinions and perspectives of members of the group – that is, ethno-racialized minorities come from diverse backgrounds and their views are not homogenous.

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<p>Using a critical, feminist anti-oppressive framework approach this research study investigated the effects of restructuring on South Asian social workers in mainstream and ethno-specific agencies. This exploratory study examined the experiences of South Asian social workers and how restructuring has played a role in their practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants. The results indicated that the participants were concerned with 1) increase in bureaucracy and decrease of the social aspect of their work; 2) influence of the Eurocentric foundations of social work and its racist undertones, as well as its implications regarding cultural sensitivity; 3) exercising resistance as a result of the negative impacts of restructuring. The findings demonstrated that the social work profession needs to consider how restructuring uniquely impacts South Asian social workers and their practice. Mainstream and ethno-specific agencies need to consider how increasing bureaucracy and integrating culturally sensitive approaches can be inter-laced with racist undertones. More importantly, these agencies must evaluate how this will impact workers’ practices. Implications for culturally sensitive social work practice and the impacts of restructuring on South Asian social workers and service users are discussed.</p> / Master of Social Work (MSW)