Background: Historically, US immigration policy, including border enforcement, has served to define national belonging and through this process, has constructed particular groups as undesirable or threatening to the nation. Such political-economic strategies contribute to oppression through gender, ethnic, and class discrimination and economic and political exclusion. This dissertation is based on three studies that collectivity explored these issues as structural determinants of health (SDH) and forms of structural and everyday violence. Objectives: These studies aimed to (1) examine the relations between immigration related mistreatment and practices of ethno-racial profiling by immigration officials on health of Mexican immigrants of the Arizona border (2) contextualize the structural and everyday violence of such institutional practices through mistreatment narratives and (3) evaluate the impact of an intensive Border Health Service Learning Institute (BHSLI) on public health students' ability to locate such forms of violence and identify the role of public health advocacy. Methods: Study one and two are a secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data drawn from a random household sample of 299 Mexican-origin farmworkers. Study three is a qualitative analysis of 25 BHSLI student reflection journals from 2010-2012. Results: Farmworkers were US permanent residents and citizens, employed in US agriculture for 20 years. Approximately 25% reported immigration related mistreatment, more than 50% were personally victimized and 75% of mistreatment episodes occurred in a community location while residents engaged in routine activities. Immigration mistreatment was associated with a 2.3-increased risk for stress in adjusted models (OR 2.3, CI 1.2, 4.1). After a week at the US-Mexico border, BHSLI students articulated aspects of immigration and economic policy impacting health. Students framed economic and immigration policies as health policy and found the role of public health to convene stakeholders toward multi-institutional policy solutions. Conclusion: Immigration related mistreatment and ethno-racial profiling are historically embedded at institutional and individual levels and reproduce inequality overtime. Such institutional practices of discrimination are SDH and forms of structural and everyday violence. Academic public health programs, engaged in service learning strengthen students' abilities to learn and act on such SDH and contribute to campus-community engagement on related ethno-racial health disparities.

Darbo objektas – Sūduvos regiono muziejų etnokultūrinė veikla. Pristatomi didieji savivaldybių muziejai: Marijampolės kraštotyros muziejus (Marijampolė), Vilkaviškio (Paežeriai) ir Zanavykų (Girėnai) krašto muziejai, 3 privatūs ir 19 visuomeninių muziejų, esančių Sūduvoje. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti minėtų Sūduvos regione esančių muziejų edukacinę, etnokultūrinę veiklą, ją palyginti ir apibendrinti. Darbo tema aktuali tuo, kad visapusis žmogaus ugdymas privalo apimti visas žmogiškojo gyvenimo sritis, neišskiriant ir vienos svarbiausių – savo šaknų, papročių bei tradicijų išsaugojimo ir puoselėjimo. Šių dienų vaikai ir jaunimas nė neįsivaizduoja, kaip galima ne pirkti, o patiems išsiausti audeklą, nusivyti virvę, nusipinti pintinę, išsikepti duoną. Tėvai yra prigimtiniai ir nepakeičiami savo vaikų lavinimo veiksniai, šeimos užduotis – puoselėti etnokultūrinį mikroklimatą, perduoti tradicijų bei papročių paveldą. Todėl ir mokytojai, ir muziejininkai stengiasi padėti šeimai populiarinti ir išsaugoti etnokultūrinį palikimą. Darbą sudaro trys dalys: Įvadas, Bendroji Sūduvos krašto muziejų charakteristika bei Etnokultūrinės edukacinės veiklos organizavimas. Pirmoje darbo dalyje siekiama atskleisti muziejaus kaip mokslo įstaigos specifiškumą, aptariamos Sūduvos muziejų etnokultūrinio tyrimo prielaidos. Antroje darbo dalyje pateikiama bendra Sūduvos krašto muziejų charakteristika, pristatomi didieji savivaldybių muziejai.Trečioje darbo dalyje kalbama apie edukacijos muziejuje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of this work is ethnocultural activity in the museums of Sūduva. The largest museums of the local administration are talked: The ethnography museum in Marijampolė, the museums in Vilkaviškis (Paežeriai) and Zanavykai (Girėnai), 3 private and 19 public museums that are in Sūduva. Purpose of this work is to analyse the educational, ethno-cultural activity in the mentioned museums, compare and summarize it. Theme of this work is actual because of that the upbringing of the human being must include all spheres of human life, not excluding one of the most important one – maintaining and cherishing your customs, traditions. Nowadays children, youth cannot even imagine how not to buy, but to weave the cloth, bake the bread and etc. by themselves. That is why teachers and people who work in the museums try to help the family to popularize and to maintain the ethno-cultural heritage of the past. The work contains three parts. In the first one author seeks to reveal the peculiarity of the museum as the institution of science, the ethno-cultural premises of the research of Sūduva museums are talked. In the second part of the work the general characteristics of Sūduva museums is presented. In the third part of the work the peculiarity of education in the museums, the experience of preparing the displays are analyzed. Mostly the educational programs, the methods of preparing it are analyzed in this work. The methods of this work are interview, descriptive, statistic and... [to full text]

This thesis identifies and analyzes the legal barriers faced by ethno-racial psychiatric consumer/survivors in Ontario, through an analysis of the Consent and Capacity Board (CCB). I employ interdisciplinary research to test the hypothesis that factors such as race, ethnicity, culture, poverty and social exclusion are not fully addressed by the CCB. To critique the CCB, I developed a theoretical framework using the grounded theory approach, in combination with tenets of disability theory, critical race theory and intersectionality. I used the theoretical framework to analyze qualitative research involving twenty interviews of stakeholders including lawyers, psychiatrists, CCB adjudicators, mental health service providers and ethno-racial psychiatric consumer/survivors. The analysis revealed the procedural, systemic/structural and discretionary barriers within the CCB’s pre-hearing, hearing and post-hearing process. Barriers were the result of cultural misunderstandings, misdiagnosis, complex familial relationships, culturally inappropriate care, institutional racism, poverty, discrimination and the CCB’s “color blind approach.” I conclude with prioritized recommendations.

This thesis identifies and analyzes the legal barriers faced by ethno-racial psychiatric consumer/survivors in Ontario, through an analysis of the Consent and Capacity Board (CCB). I employ interdisciplinary research to test the hypothesis that factors such as race, ethnicity, culture, poverty and social exclusion are not fully addressed by the CCB. To critique the CCB, I developed a theoretical framework using the grounded theory approach, in combination with tenets of disability theory, critical race theory and intersectionality. I used the theoretical framework to analyze qualitative research involving twenty interviews of stakeholders including lawyers, psychiatrists, CCB adjudicators, mental health service providers and ethno-racial psychiatric consumer/survivors. The analysis revealed the procedural, systemic/structural and discretionary barriers within the CCB’s pre-hearing, hearing and post-hearing process. Barriers were the result of cultural misunderstandings, misdiagnosis, complex familial relationships, culturally inappropriate care, institutional racism, poverty, discrimination and the CCB’s “color blind approach.” I conclude with prioritized recommendations.

Varieties of German are spoken all over the world, some of which have been maintained for prolonged periods of time. As a result, these transplanted varieties often show traces of the ongoing language contact as specific to their particular context. This thesis explores one such transplanted German language variety – Springbok- German – as spoken by a small subset of German Lutherans in South Africa. Specifically, this study takes as its focus eight rural German communities across two South African provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, which were founded in the second half of the 19th century. The study employs a broadly ethnographic approach and integrates participant observation with interviews and (limited) questionnaire data. On the one hand, it addresses issues of language maintenance and shift, and on the other, presents findings from an analysis of grammatical features, that is morphosyntactic and syntactic features, of this particular German language variety. The thesis explores the domains where speakers continue to make use of German, by discussing practices at home, within the church and community, and at school. It also briefly considers German media consumption. The findings reveal that the home and the church/community constitute the strongholds of German language maintenance, although intermarriage is having an increasing impact on these patterns. Changes in the demographics of the communities, e.g. out-migration of younger speakers and barely any in-migration, are also shown to be detrimental to the continued survival of German in this region. Conceptualising these communities as ethnoreligious ones where (Luther) German functions as a ‘sacred variety’ (cf. Fishman, 2006a) helps to account for the prolonged maintenance patterns as exhibited by the communities. The study explores how the communities are shaped by their German Lutheranism and a 19th century understanding of Volkstum, and how this resulted in an insistence on preserving the German language and culture at all costs. This is still transparent today. This study also seeks to provide new insights into the structure of Springbok- German, and, for this purpose, explores a number of (morpho)syntactic features, including case marking, possessive constructions, word order, and infinitive complements. Although the overall findings indicate that Springbok-German is (still) relatively conservative, there are clear indications of emerging structural changes. While reduction in the case system, for example, is not as advanced as in other transplanted German varieties, the accusative/dative distinction is becoming increasingly blurred. Changes are also apparent in possessive constructions and word order. In this context, the study considers the fundamental question of the role language contact plays in such situations, i.e. whether the respective changes can plausibly be attributed to contact with Afrikaans and/or English, or whether they are best seen as the result of language-internal tendencies. The conclusion follows that it is difficult to ascertain the precise role of external influence vs. internal developments. The developments in Springbok-German are best seen as resulting from a combination of both, shaped furthermore by the social conditions as prevalent in this particular language contact setting.

O cenário desta pesquisa envolveu a educação para as relações étnico raciais a partir da análise do discurso dos usuários de uma rede social, tomando como referencial as postagens de usuários do Facebook e a discussão do preconceito que se materializa em rede e se propaga nos espaços informais e formais de educação. Sua relevância se dá na medida em que instigou o estudo e a construção de estratégias educativas voltadas para os desafios da escola no contexto contemporâneo. Objetivamos investigar de que forma o preconceito materializado por meio da linguagem, numa rede social, pode ser trabalhado nos contextos informais e formais de educação, observando-se a importância de utilizar-se um recurso digital na identificação de frases e textos verbais e não verbais, cujo cunho pejorativo, inferiorize a pessoa, estigmatizando-a. A pesquisa realizada tomou como suporte os estudos de linguagem, tendo como referencial os pressupostos de M. Bakhtin, no que diz respeito aos conceitos de dialogismo e polifonia. No que concerne ao preconceito, nossa pesquisa terá como suporte os estudos de P. Bourdieu, K. Munanga, L. Sansone; C. Furtado, A. Guimarães. O trabalho proposto teve como aporte a pesquisa qualitativa, com base no pressuposto dialógico da pesquisa formação. Para tanto, a metodologia CIVITAS, do grupo de pesquisa LELIC/PPGIE/UFRGS, articulou nesta tese, o diálogo entre a educação básica e o ensino superior, com base nos sujeitos que atuam nesses segmentos da educação. Assim, com base no projeto CIVITAS, em articulação com o Projeto de Vidas/UFMA a pesquisa teve como sujeitos um grupo de estudantes da Educação Básica dos oitavo e nono anos do Ensino Fundamental e de universitários de um curso de licenciatura, registrando os sentidos atribuídos, por escolares e universitários, sobre uma seleção de postagens do Facebook que evidenciam o discurso de preconceito racial. Utilizou como base metodológica a identificação de vocábulos, frases e imagens de cunho pejorativo, fazendo associações entre palavras, frases e imagens. Nesse sentido, tais questões foram discutidas com base nos estudos de linguagem e da educação para a promoção das relações étnico raciais, compondo-se assim, um estudo acerca de como a educação formal e informal pode a partir das redes sociais discutir temas atuais e pertinentes a serem trabalhados na escola, tendo como referencial a Lei n. 11.645/08. Verificou-se que a escola deve considerar em seu currículo, de forma interdisciplinar e contextualizada com as novas tecnologias, a educação para as relações étnico raciais, no contexto de diferentes áreas de conhecimento, entre elas a Língua Portuguesa e os estudos dos gêneros digitais, enquanto proposta para se se refletir acerca das desigualdades advindas da cor/raça dos alunos. / The scenario of this research involved education or ethno-racial relations based on discourse analysis of users from a social network, setting as the benchmark, Facebook user posts and the discussion on prejudice which materializes online and spreads over informal and formal educational space. Its relevance is to the extent that it instigated study and construction of educational strategies designed for the challenges of modern day schooling. Our object is to investigate the way in which prejudice materialized through language, on a social network, can be worked in informal and formal educational contexts, noting the importance of using a digital feature to identify phrasal and verbal & non-verbal texts, whose pejorative nature, degrades and stigmatizes the person. The research was supported by language studies based on assumptions from M. Bakhtin, concerning concepts of dialogism and polyphony. Regarding prejudice, our research will be supported by studies from P. Bourdieu, K. Munanga, L. Sansone; C. Furtado, A. Guimarães. The research proposed had the contribution of qualitative research based on dialogic assumption of training research. Therefore, CIVITAS methodology CIVITAS, from the LELIC/PPGIE/UFRGS research group articulated in this thesis, dialog between basic and higher education based on subjects which act in these educational segments. Thus, based on the CIVITAS Project, articulation with Projeto de Vidas/UFMA, the subjects were a group of students from Basic Education from eighth and ninth grade in Middle School and college students from a teaching course registering the feelings attributed by school and college students about a selection of Facebook posts that show a discourse of racial prejudice. The methodological base was identification of words, phrases and images of a pejorative nature. In this sense, such questions were discussed based on language studies to promote ethno-racial relations, making up a study about how formal and informal education can, based on social networks, discuss current and pertinent themes to be worked in school as per Law 11.645/08. It was verified that schools should consider in their curriculum, interdisciplinary and contextualized matter with new technologies and education for ethno-racial relations in the context of different knowledge areas, among them Portuguese and digital genres as a proposal to reflect on inequalities stemming from students’ color/race.

Despite of a well-established welfare state in Sweden, socio-economic and residential segregation is increasing rapidly. This has for instance been related to the neo-liberalisation of the welfare state and housing system. One institutional tool for reducing systematic inequality is the housing allowance, which specifically targets low-income households with children as well as young households without children. However, recent studies show how these groups are becoming ever more excluded, despite of the financial aid. The aim of this thesis is thus to contribute with a situated understanding of the practical accomplishment of Swedish socio-economic marginalisation in relation to housing allowance and the welfare state. This is achieved by examining naturally occurring accounts socio-economic marginalisation in 366 audio recorded phone calls to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency about housing allowance, out of which I specifically focus on accounts made by single mothers. In order to make sense of the data, I apply and introduce an ethno-intersectional approach. This entails the synthesis of the applied ethnomethodological methods Conversation Analysis, Discursive Psychology and Membership Categorisation Analysis with intersectionality as one analytical device. The results demonstrate how single-mothers intersect financial troubles, single-motherhood and ill health while expressing situated marginalisation as part of doing legitimacy work. The study also sheds light on how the application of welfare policies could partake in the systematic (re)production of structural inequalities. At large, the introduction of the ethno-intersectional approach is grounded on the theoretical interest of encouraging further action-oriented and situated explorations of the ways in which categories of inequality such as class, ethnicity and gender operate in conjunction and contribute to the generation, reinforcement or alteration of structural intersections of socio-economic marginalisation and privilege.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada na Terra Indígena Araçá, especificamente na comunidade Guariba, analisando as potencialidades etnodesenvolvimentistas a partir do buriti e seus subprodutos que poderão ocupar lugar no mercado de Boa Vista ou simplesmente tornar um produto do consumo diário das comunidades e povos indígenas a fim de suprirem-se suas carências alimentar e nutricional, partindo-se de uma abordagem econômico-antropológica. O estudo voltado à utilização dos buritizais na referida comunidade, pode integrar informações ecológicas e socioeconômicas, dada a importante função desempenhada por esse ecossistema frente às demandas das populações indígenas. O trabalho foi realizado na Comunidade Guariba, Terra Indígena Araçá, município de Amajari, Estado de Roraima, seguindo um plantio de buriti iniciado anteriormente pelos alunos da Escola Estadual Indígena Manoel Horácio e teve como objetivos: Apoiar a conservação e manejo sustentável do buriti nas comunidades indígenas do lavrado de Roraima, com o intuito de intensificar o uso desta espécie como um valioso recurso natural disponível às populações indígenas, inclusive como uma alternativa econômica; Avaliar a importância econômica e cultural atual do buriti como uma possibilidade de etnodesenvolvimento para as comunidades indígenas; Desenvolver atividades educativas sobre a importância da diversidade biológica existente no ecossistema constituído pelos buritizais, como um princípio de conservação da biodiversidade e valorização cultural; Realizar oficinas, atividades de educação ambiental, troca de experiências e apoiar a confecção de materiais didáticos pedagógicos (cartilhas, folders) de modo a contribuir para o fortalecimento das iniciativas de gestão ambiental comunitária do buriti. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisação, o que implicou na participação efetiva dos membros da Comunidade Indígena Guariba, na região do Amajari, na Terra Indígena Araçá, estabelecendo um diálogo intercultural entre a academia e a comunidade indígena. Foram realizadas análises relacionadas às questões ambientais e oficinas onde se esclareceu todo o processo de utilização do buriti pela comunidade, as etapas de colheita dos frutos e palhas, o processamento da polpa dos frutos, os subprodutos da polpa e cascas, artesanato e utensílios de fibra e palhas, propriedades nutritivas e medicinais, o uso comunitário e comercialização, durante um ano, período de acompanhamento da floração à colheita. A partir destas informações foi possível buscar mecanismos que pudessem ajudar a fortalecer a economia das comunidades, ao mesmo tempo em que se garanta a qualidade de vida das pessoas e do meio ambiente. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa valorizou os conhecimentos indígenas e os ampliou no âmbito da comunidade e no âmbito científico. / This presents work is the results of research conducted on Indigenous Land Araçá specifically Guariba is the community, analyzing the potential ethnodevelopmental from buriti, its by-products that would take a place on the market in Boa Vista, or simply make a product of daily consumption communities and indigenous peoples in order to meet their food and nutritional needs, starting from an economic-anthropological approach. The study focused on the use of community buritizais above information can integrate ecological and socio-economic, given the important role played by this ecosystem facing the demands of indigenous peoples. Work was be performed in the Community Guariba Araçá Indigenous Land, municipality of Amajari, Roraima State, following a work already started planting buriti by students of the State School Indigenous Manoel Horácio and aimed to support the conservation and sustainable management of buriti indigenous communities in the plowed Roraima, in order to intensify the use of this species as a valuable natural resource available to indigenous peoples, even as an economic alternative, evaluate the economic and cultural current buriti ethnodevelopment as a possibility for the communities indigenous; Develop educational activities about the importance of biological diversity in the ecosystem made up buritizais, as a principle of conservation of biodiversity and cultural appreciation; Conduct workshops, environmental education activities, exchange experiences and support the preparation of teaching learning materials (booklets, folders) to contribute to the strengthening of environmental management initiatives buriti Community. The methodology used during the research was action research, which implies the effective participation of the participants, establishing an intercultural dialogue between academy and the indigenous community. Analyses related environmental issues and workshops where they explained the whole process of using the buriti community, steps harvest fruit and straw, processing of fruit pulp by-products from pulp and peel, fiber crafts and utensils and straw, nutritional and medicinal properties, community use and marketing. From this information it was possible to find mechanisms that can help strengthen the economy of the communities, while it guarantees the quality of life and the environment. The dialogue between academy, community school and the community will value indigenous knowledge and expand this knowledge within the community and the scientific.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6013.pdf: 2466123 bytes, checksum: 57d9e9815b01ae4e8c1bce6851cfafae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In view of the conflicts deriving from land titling policies in Remaining Quilombola Communities in the Ribeira Valley, this work sought to understand how the use of cartography as the management technology by the State enables the meeting of two perspectives: one that walks with souls, shapes and reshapes the territory throughout the seasons, rituals and processions; and another that prepares genograms and guarantees land rights. The political and analytical centrality assumed by cartography in the field of public policies intended for quilombola communities (as evidenced by the multiplication and dissemination of geolocation devices) has offered a powerful field of research. Based on technical tools concerning these processes (planimetric survey maps, sketches of land use and occupation, descriptive specifications and anthropological reports), the ethnographic description sought to outline how this meeting of spatial perception technologies and techniques takes place and is stabilized in documents. However, with ethno mapping becoming more and more common, it seems appropriate to ask the following: can these two distinct ways of getting to know and weaving the world, from the more complex ethnomapping experience and the set of assumptions involved in this practice, create a dialogue and work together in a way that does not result in a relationship of subordination, forms of domination or power asymmetries? / Tendo em vista os conflitos decorrentes de políticas de regularização fundiária em Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombos do Vale do Ribeira, este trabalho buscou apreender como o uso de cartografias enquanto tecnologia de gestão pelo Estado possibilita o encontro entre duas razões: uma que anda com as almas, desenha e redesenha o território ao longo das estações, rituais e procissões; outra que mapeia, elabora genogramas e garante direitos territoriais. A centralidade política e analítica que a cartografia assume dentro do campo das políticas públicas destinadas às populações quilombolas (evidenciada pela multiplicação e difusão de dispositivos tecnológicos de geolocalização) ofereceu um campo potente de investigação. Com base em peças técnicas referentes a estes processos (mapas de levantamento planimétrico, croquis de uso e ocupação, memoriais descritivos e relatórios antropológicos), a descrição etnográfica buscou delinear de que maneira esse encontro entre tecnologias e técnicas sensíveis de percepção espacial toma forma e é estabilizado nos documentos. No entanto, diante da experiência cada vez mais frequente do etnomapeamento, parece ser pertinente a seguinte reflexão: estes modos distintos de conhecer e tecer o mundo podem, a partir da experiência complexa de etnomapeamento e o conjunto de pressupostos implicados nesta prática, estabelecer um diálogo e trabalho conjunto que não impliquem uma relação de subordinação, formas de dominação ou assimetrias de poder?