Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maria Betania Ribeiro Goncalves 1.pdf: 2195788 bytes, checksum: c301f06b956c11af8c0cb564bfa9ce1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Hunting and use of wildlife resources are ancient practices and social, cultural and ecological. In particular in the Brasileiro Northeast, these activities has an important role, since animals play an important socioeconomic role in the region by providing meat and other products to local families and has obvious environmental implications. In this context, research etnozoológicas, the establishment of strategies for wildlife conservation and maintenance of local cultural practices, are undoubtedly of great importance. The objective of this research was to document and characterize the biological and ecological context in which it gives the use of wildlife resources in the municipalities of the São João do Cariri and Cabaceiras, semiarid region of Paraíba. Therefore, we conducted 37 interviews with local hunters, distributed in 24 men and 13 women. The average age of respondents was 51.21 years. The data collected enabled the creation of a list represented by 81 animals, distributed in birds (49), reptiles (19) and mammals (13). All described species were distributed in the categories of use: Food (51%), Estimation (38%), control (25%), Medical (18%), Craft (6%), Ritualistic (4%). The hunting techniques mentioned by respondents were: Shotgun, hook, hunt chase with the use of dog and gun, traps, sangra, Wait, Fojo, Quixó, Assaprão, imitation, Facheado, Visgo, Tracking, Cage for Armadillo, loop to capture small birds and Arataca. Some species have seasonal importance, especially migratory birds in the rainy and mammals and reptiles in times of drought. The interviewees showed concern facing the preservation of local fauna. It is concluded that research activities that register are important because they allow hunting guide jobs under the most exploited species, focused on environmental education in line with human needs and protection of these resources. / A caça e a utilização dos recursos faunísticos são práticas antigas e de importância social, cultural e ecológica. Em especial no Nordeste Brasileiro, estas atividades tem papel relevante, uma vez que animais desempenham importante papel socioeconômico na região, por fornecer carne e outros produtos às famílias locais e tem evidentes implicações ambientais. Nesse contexto, pesquisas etnozoológicas para o estabelecimento de estratégias de conservação da fauna e manutenção das práticas culturais locais, são sem dúvidas de grande importância. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi documentar e caracterizar o contexto biológico e ecológico em que se dá a utilização dos recursos faunísticos nos municípios de São João do Cariri e Cabaceiras, semiárido paraibano. Para tanto foram realizadas 37 entrevistas com caçadores locais, distribuídas em 24 homens e 13 mulheres. A média de idade dos entrevistados foi de 51,21 anos. Os dados colhidos possibilitaram a elaboração de uma listagem representada por 81 animais caçados, distribuídos em aves (49), répteis (19) e mamíferos (13). As espécies catalogadas foram distribuídas nas categorias de uso: Alimentação (51%), Estimação (38%), Controle (25%), Medicinal (18%), Artesanal (6%), Ritualística (4%). As técnicas de caça mencionadas pelos entrevistados foram as seguintes: Espingarda, Anzol, caça de perseguição com uso de cachorro e espingarda, Arapucas, Sangra, Espera, Fojo, Quixó, Assaprão, Arremedo, Facheado, Visgo, Rastreamento, Gaiola pra tatu, laço para capturar aves de pequeno porte e arataca. Algumas espécies possuem importância sazonal, destacando as aves migratórias em épocas de chuvas e mamíferos e répteis em épocas de seca. Os entrevistados revelaram estar preocupados frente à conservação da fauna local. Conclui-se que pesquisas que registrem atividades cinegéticas são importantes porque possibilitam guiar trabalhos sob as espécies mais exploradas, voltadas para a educação ambiental em consonância com as necessidades humanas e proteção a esses recursos.

This dissertation deals with the economic aspect of culture and focuses on the patterns of renewable natural resources utilisation among the people living in the Matutuine District of Southern Mozambique. The study also focuses on the demography, history and socio-political organisation of the area. Against this background the study emphasises the importance of the fact that these aspects will have to be taken into account if the establishment of the planned Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area in the same region is to be in any way successful. This area has no conservation status at present but has been earmarked to become part of the Lumbobo Transfrontier Conservation Area. This will mean that the entire area, or a substantial part thereof, will have to be proclaimed as a protected area. In Southern Africa the establishment of conservation areas have often been coupled with the removal of people from such areas. People removed from land declared as nature conservation areas were often denied access to resources they previously utilised to survive. The research findings indicate that the local people who live in the Matutuine District of Mozambique are extremely dependent on the natural environment for their everyday survival. The vast majority of people are concentrated in small villages where they practise subsistence agriculture. Due to nutrient poor soils and other factors, the local people are not able to produce enough foodstuffs to fulfil their survival needs. Although most people own small stock, the absolute minority of people own cattle. This is largely, although not solely attributable to the turbulent history of the area, especially the effects of the Mozambican Civil War. The poverty of the people in the area increases their dependence on natural resources. Local people supplement their diets by fish, caught in the lakes and rivers in the area, and wild fruits. Due to the effects of the Civil War, most fauna in the area have been depleted but people still hunt wild animals, especially small game, for food. The local people are thus extremely dependent on the resource base of the area earmarked to become part of the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area. With the information presented in this study it is possible for the planners of the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area to devise a strategy that will not impair the livelihoods of the local people who live in the area, but instead accommodate their socio-economic needs in the planning process and in the eventual establishment of the Lubobo Transfrontier Conservation Area. / Dissertation (MA (Anthropology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Anthropology and Archaeology / Unrestricted

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-03-29T22:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o M?nica Abreu.pdf: 4010420 bytes, checksum: 63c86e91c0fbaae67a82069259b9b62b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T22:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o M?nica Abreu.pdf: 4010420 bytes, checksum: 63c86e91c0fbaae67a82069259b9b62b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / The cities have become rich sites in different life forms, harboring a biodiversity hardly noticeable by people. The phenomenon of adaptation of wild animal populations colonizing the urban environment is named sinurbization. The sinurbization process is evident in the case of possums (Didelphis). These animals adapt easily to urban field and can be seen in the streets or on trees. This work aimed to highlight the phenomenon of sinurbization related to Didelphis, its occurrences and relations with people, in urban ecosystem of Feira de Santana (BA). The research was eminently qualitative being the relevant data analysed by means of quantification parsimonious represented only by descriptive statistics, graphic depictions and tables. Sampling was performed by non-probabilistic method, in part by resorting to the accidental sample type. 50 interviews were conducted, 32 semi-structure and 18 visually stimulated (it was displayed a photographic kit contains 10 photos for visual stimuli) with people living in the urban area of the city for more than three years. The road maps of interviews involved questions related to: geographical distribution and frequency of observation of animals, aspects of general biology, attitudes and beliefs of people front the possums. Were also conducted photographic records of traces found and direct sightings of animals, as well as a visual ethnography. Data were analyzed and systematized from the union model of multiple skills. Of the 41 existing neighborhoods in urban area, were verified occurrences of Didelphis in 23. In relation to the feelings of the participants, predominated the biophobia (46%), what was also demonstrated in the aggressive attitudes (56%) of respondents. The beliefs about the possums in the locality showed up to be discreet. The residents also showed knowledge about the morphology, reproduction, ethology and chronobiology of Didelphis. The use of possums in folk medicine was also cited by respondents. On the aspects of the diet of these animals, the category "birds" was the most cited by respondents. A visual ethnography demonstrated the fact that people feed on possums. On this basis, it is possible to say that a process of sinurbization of the possum (Didelphis) in the urban environment of Feira de Santana is doable and urban dwellers of this town have knowledge about the animal which largely corresponds to the scientific literature. / As cidades tornaram-se locais ricos em diferentes formas de vidas, abrigando uma biodiversidade dificilmente percept?vel pelas pessoas. O fen?meno de adapta??o das popula??es de animais silvestres colonizando o meio urbano ? denominado sinurbiza??o. O processo de sinurbiza??o ? evidente no caso dos sarigu?s (Didelphis). Estes animais se adaptam facilmente ?s ?reas urbanas e podem ser vistos em ruas ou sobre ?rvores. Este trabalho objetivou evidenciar o fen?meno de sinurbiza??o relacionada aos Didelphis, suas ocorr?ncias e rela??es com as pessoas, no ecossistema urbano de Feira de Santana (BA). A pesquisa foi eminentemente qualitativa, sendo os dados relevantes analisados por meio de quantifica??o parcimoniosa representadas apenas por estat?stica descritiva, representa??es gr?ficas e tabelas. A amostragem foi realizada por m?todo n?o-probabil?stico, em parte recorrendo-se ao tipo amostral acidental. Foram realizadas 50 entrevistas, 32 semi-estruturadas e 18 visualmente estimuladas (foi exibido um kit fotogr?fico contendo 10 fotos para estimulo visual) com pessoas que habitam a ?rea urbana do munic?pio h? mais de tr?s anos. Os roteiros de entrevistas envolveram perguntas relacionadas a: distribui??o geogr?fica e frequ?ncia de observa??o dos animais, aspectos da biologia geral, atitudes e cren?as das pessoas frente aos sarigu?s. Tamb?m foram realizados registros fotogr?ficos de vest?gios encontrados e de avistamentos diretos dos animais, bem como uma etnografia visual. Os dados foram sistematizados e analisados a partir do modelo de uni?o de diversas compet?ncias. Dos 41 bairros existentes na ?rea urbana, foram verificadas ocorr?ncias de Didelphis em 23. Em rela??o aos sentimentos dos participantes, predominou a biofobia (46%), o que ficou igualmente demonstrado nas atitudes agressivas (56%) dos entrevistados. As cren?as sobre os sarigu?s na localidade mostrou-se discreta. Os moradores tamb?m mostraram conhecimento sobre a morfologia, reprodu??o, cronobiologia e etologia dos Didelphis. O uso dos sarigu?s na medicina popular tamb?m foi citado pelos entrevistados. Sobre os aspectos da dieta desses animais, a categoria ?aves? foi a mais citada pelos entrevistados. A etnografia visual demonstrou o fato das pessoas alimentarem-se de sarigu?s. Com base nisso, ? possivel afirmar que o processo de sinurbiza??o do sarigu? (Didelphis) no ambiente urbano de Feira de Santana ? fact?vel e que os moradores urbanos desta localidade possuem conhecimentos sobre o animal que em grande parte corresponde a literatura cient?fica.

There is a considerable amount of unpublished source material on Kalapuyan ethnography. This consists primarily of manuscript field notes from three linguistically trained scholars: Albert S. Gatschet, who collected Kalapuyan linguistic and ethnographic data during a visit to Grand Ronde Reservation in 1877, Leo J. Frachtenberg, who worked with a number of Kalapuyan informants from 1913 to 1915, and Melville Jacobs, who worked with the last surviving speakers of Kalapuyan languages during a number of sessions between 1928 and 1936. Data from these three authorities, plus other available data, reveal many details about aboriginal Kalapuyan life (“aboriginal” here referring to the period from around first White contact until removal to the reservation). Any attempt to reconstruct ethnographic descriptions of the aboriginal Kalapuyans should fully utilize these available data. I intend this thesis as a beginning effort toward that end. It seemed to me that the ethnographic notes scattered through the Gatschet manuscripts, representing as they do the knowledge of informants who had reached adulthood under pre-reservation conditions, would prove particularly interesting in terms of ethnographic reconstruction. Thus, I selected the Tualatin Kalapuyans, the subject of Gatschet’s main effort, as my own focus. In view of the quantity of data involved, I further restricted my scope to much less than an overall ethnographic description of the aboriginal Tualatin. I have concentrated upon two related aspects of that larger picture -- subsistence and ethnobiology. Under the former, I consider aboriginal habitat, general subsistence economy, territorial and seasonal availability of subsistence resources, seasonal cycles involved in harvest of resources, subsistence-related aspects of regional interrelationships such as trade, and specific subsistence-related activities and practices. Under ethnobiology, I consider native knowledge and uses of plant and animal resources. In Chapter IV, some additional ethnographic information unrelated to these two main areas is also presented concerning the identification and localization of Tualatin winter-village groups.

The dissertation thesis deals with human aesthetic preference to other species and its anthropological and conservation aspect. The aesthetic preference to animal species has rarely been systematically studied before and quantitative analyses, especially on a fine taxonomic scale did not exist. On the other hand, it was known that attractive species often receive more support for their conservation. From these simple facts rose the idea to test human aesthetic preference to snake species (and consequently to species across major vertebrate taxa) and use this quantified preference to explain the conservation effort devoted to captive breeding worldwide (measured as size of zoo populations). We confirmed that the perceived attractiveness (preference and/or species' body size) succesfully predicts the size of zoo populations across mammal, bird and reptile taxa. On contrary, we found no effect of the IUCN listing of the species. To find out whether we work with Czech students' preference only or we may generalize to other populations, we carried out the same experiment to determine human preference to boas and pythons in eight cultures of five continents. Despite profound differences of the studied ethnics, we revealed a considerable agreement. Moreover, we found an agreement between pre-school...

A espécie Mazama bororo foi proposta em 1996 com base no cariótipo exclusivo (2n=32-34) encontrado em alguns animais de cativeiro. O presente estudo teve início em 1998, com os objetivos de confirmar a ocorrência da espécie na natureza, desenvolver metodologias de captura adequadas aos cervídeos de ambientes florestais e obter informações ecológicas básicas através da etnozoologia, do uso de armadilhas fotográficas e do monitoramento de animais marcados com rádio-colares. As pesquisas ocorreram em diferentes municípios e unidades de conservação públicas ou privadas ao longo da Serra de Paranapiacaba, região sul de São Paulo. As entrevistas realizadas com caçadores e palmiteiros da região indicaram a existência de 3 espécies de Mazama: M. americana, M. gouazoubira e M. bororo, além de fornecer informações gerais sobre sua ecologia, comportamento, dieta, reprodução e as técnicas de caça normalmente empregadas na região. Através das armadilhas fotográficas foi possível observar hábitos crepusculares e noturnos em M. bororo e detectar alguns padrões de utilização do habitat, possivelmente relacionados a estratégias anti-predatórias, reprodução e disponibilidade de recursos ao longo do ano. As diversas técnicas de captura empregadas apresentaram índices muito baixos de captura, a despeito do esforço relativamente alto investido nas tentativas. As técnicas de interceptação, utilizando armadilhas fixas ou desmontáveis foram as mais eficientes, resultando na captura de 4 animais. Foram estimadas áreas de uso para dois M. bororo (fêmeas) e um M. gouazoubira (macho) no interior e entorno do Parque Estadual Intervales (PEI), através da rádio-telemetria. As áreas de M. bororo foram consideravelmente menores e cobertas por vegetação nativa em bom estado de conservação enquanto que o M. gouazoubira ocupou áreas bastante antropizadas, indicando preferências de habitat distintas entre estas espécies. Evidências não comprovadas da existência de M. americana na região levantam questões relevantes acerca da conservação de M. bororo e apontam a extrema necessidade de estudos mais intensivos visando confirmar essa simpatria, determinar os nichos de cada espécie e principalmente definir a distribuição geográfica de M. bororo nos últimos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do país. / The species Mazama bororo was proposed in 1996 based on the unique karyotype (2n=32-34) found in some captive animals. The present study began in 1998 and intended to confirm the occurrence of this species in nature as well as to develop deer capture methods adequate in forest environments and to obtain basic ecological information using etnozoological approach, camera traps and radio-collared animals. For this purpose research was carried out several in municipalities and in public or private conservation units along the Paranapiacaba Ridge, southern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Interviews accomplished with hunters and heart of palm gatherers from this region indicated the existence of 3 Mazama's species: M. americana, M. gouazoubira and M. bororo. These interviews also supplied general information about the ecology, behavior, diet and reproduction of these deer species and the hunting techniques employed in the region. Camera traps allowed the observation of the twilight and nocturnal habits of M. bororo and of some patterns of habitat utilization, probably related to anti-predatory strategies, reproduction and resources availability along the year. In spite of the intense efforts, all techniques employed for capture in this study had a low capture index. The interception technique, using fixed or dismountable traps and resulting in the capture of 4 animals, was the most efficient. Home ranges of two M. bororo (females) and a M. gouazoubira (male) were estimated in the Intervales State Park (PEI) and it’s outskirts by radio-telemetry. The home ranges of M. bororo were considerably smaller and covered by well preserved native vegetation. M. gouazoubira many times occupied degraded areas, indicating distinct habitat preferences between these species. Not proven evidences of the existence of M. americana in the studied region rise important questions regarding M. bororo preservation; there is an urgent need for intensive studies to confirm this simpatry, to determine the niches of both species and to define the geographical distribution of Mazama bororo in the last Atlantic Rain Forest remainders of the Brazil.

My research examines the prehistoric subsistence of native peoples of the Willamette Valley, Oregon through an analysis of the regional zooarchaeological records, and then modeling regional diet breadth. Through this analysis, I challenge commonly held stereotypes that the indigenous people of the Willamette Valley were strictly root eaters, and the basis for this claim, that salmon were not part of Native subsistence. The results of my research indicate that given the incomplete nature of the ethnohistoric record, very little can be said about expected cultural behaviors, such as salmon consumption, that appear to be absent in the Willamette Valley. In addition, since the faunal assemblage is so small in the Willamette Valley, zooarchaeological data are simply inadequate for studying the relationship between prehistoric peoples and their animal resources. Finally, optimal foraging modeling suggests that salmon is one of the higher ranked resources available to the Native People of the Willamette Valley.

Submitted by FABIANA DA SILVA FRANÇA (fabiana21franca@gmail.com) on 2017-12-07T12:43:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotal.pdf: 10125630 bytes, checksum: 9955bce2bf9fcd0398c542e0011484bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T12:43:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotal.pdf: 10125630 bytes, checksum: 9955bce2bf9fcd0398c542e0011484bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study examined the dynamics linked to hunting, a way to experience and build niches. Accordingly, the participants in this study were the Kambiwá and Pippã, indigenous people of the backcountry of Pernambuco State. Nineteen individuals (7 Kambiwá and 12 Pippã) were interviewed; they cited 58 animals as game, including 25 mammals, 29 birds and 4 reptiles. If now, due to various factors, hunting becomes less common or some of these people stop hunting because this would be seen as a tradition. Because the hunting tradition is dynamic, it is resilient in an environment where deforestation, partly by non-indigenous people and often authorized by federal agencies, causes changes. With the loss of territory of the environment of the Pipipã and Kambiwá, the indigenous people struggle to maintain it, including the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBIO). The indigenous people in question know the boundaries of their territory (ancestor and claimed) and have extensive accounts of the ancestors associated with the Serra Negra. This is moreover a conservation unit, governed by specific agencies and managed by ICMBIO. In trying to understand such conflicts and talks by the parties, four employees of that municipality as well as the indigenous individuals were interviewed. Given this, one can understand the history of environments and processes of co-evolution of organisms, acting incisively in the construction of niches. In such movements, the actions of many subjects intertwine, alerting us to the need for integrative and collaborative approaches to minimize conflicts that are generated by perceptions viewed as antagonistic, considered opposing interests while showing similarities. / Este estudo abordou a dinâmica que está atrelada à atividade de caça, ao percebê-la como uma forma de experienciar e construir os nichos. Para tal, participaram deste trabalho os povos indígenas Kambiwá e Pipipã, localizados no sertão do Estado de Pernambuco, entrevistando-se 19 índios (7 do povo Kambiwá e 12 do povo Pipipã), que citaram 58 animais, sendo 25 mamíferos, 29 aves e 4 répteis. Se atualmente, por vários fatores, a caça torna-se menos frequente, nem por isto alguns indígenas deixam de realizá-la pois esta, segundo as percepções, seria uma tradição. Por ser dinâmica, a tradição da caça encontra processos de resignificação em um ambiente no qual o desmatamento por parte de nãoíndios, muitas vezes autorizada por órgãos federais, modifica e impõe alterações. A perda do território, do ambiente do povo Pipipã e Kambiwá, faz com que a luta dos indígenas pela manutenção deste se confronte, inclusive, com o Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBIO). Os povos indígenas em questão possuem limites de seu território (ancestral e reivindicado), além de extensas narrativas sobre os antepassados, associadas à Serra Negra. Esta, por sua vez, constitui-se em uma Unidade de Conservação, regida por dispositivos específicos e gerida pelo ICMBIO. Procurando compreender tais conflitos e os discursos proferidos pelas partes, foram entrevistados quatro funcionários da referida autarquia, além dos indígenas. Diante disto, compreende-se a historicidade dos ambientes e os processos de co-evolução dos organismos, atuando incisivamente na construção dos nichos. Em tais movimentos, as ações de diversos sujeitos se emaranham, nos alertando para a necessidade de abordagens integrativas e colaborativas, minimizando conflitos que são gerados por percepções postas como antagônicas, rotuladas como oposição de interesses enquanto guardam semelhanças.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeniseFT_DISSERT.pdf: 1310424 bytes, checksum: 17ccb9d111e545e28be32da0310c4d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The use of animals is a common activity but it can be really variable between human populations. This work analyzed the knowledge about useful animal species between human communities in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest considering the influence of socioeconomics and environmental factors on the species selection. Forty people were interviewed in Cara?bas community (Atlantic Forest) and thirty were interviewed in Barrocas community (Caatinga). A total of 193 animals were cited. The communities showed a low degree of similarity (20%) and the general diversity of mentioned species was significantly bigger in Cara?bas. Men cited a diversity of species greater than women for food category in Cara?bas and pet category in Cara?bas and Barrocas. Women cited greater species diversity for medicinal use in Cara?bas. In general, in both communities, the age group >60 years showed a greater knowledge than the others. The multiple regression analysis showed the age as the only socioeconomic factor which influenced significantly the knowledge about animals for the food category in both communities. Considering the richness of known species, there were differences only between gender for sum of uses and food category in Cara?bas and for the pet category in Barrocas with men showing a greater knowledge than women. The results showed that local environmental differences are fundamental at the species selection but they also showed that within communities there are other factors like gender and age that tend to influence the knowledge about species. It is important to consider cultural, economic, social and environmental factors to understand better the interactions between people and animals so that this information can be used to facilitate the implementation of conservation measures / O uso da fauna ? uma pr?tica comum, mas pode ser bastante vari?vel entre popula??es humanas. Este estudo analisou o conhecimento sobre as esp?cies de animais ?teis entre comunidades humanas na Caatinga e na Mata Atl?ntica, levando em considera??o a influ?ncia de fatores socioecon?micos e ambientais na sele??o das esp?cies. Quarenta pessoas foram entrevistadas na comunidade Cara?bas (Mata Atl?ntica) e trinta na comunidade Barrocas (Caatinga). Um total de 193 animais foi citado. As comunidades apresentaram um baixo grau de similaridade (20%) e a diversidade geral de esp?cies citadas foi significativamente maior em Cara?bas. Os homens mencionaram uma diversidade de esp?cies maior do que as mulheres para as categorias alimentar em Cara?bas e estima??o em Cara?bas e Barrocas. J? as mulheres citaram uma maior diversidade de esp?cies para o uso medicinal em Cara?bas. De maneira geral, nas duas comunidades, o grupo de idade >60 anos apresentou um conhecimento maior que os demais. A an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla mostrou que a idade foi o ?nico fator socioecon?mico que influenciou significativamente o conhecimento sobre os animais na categoria alimentar nas duas comunidades. Levando em considera??o a riqueza de esp?cies conhecidas, houve diferen?a apenas entre os g?neros para a categoria alimentar e para a soma dos usos em Cara?bas e para a categoria estima??o em Barrocas, com os homens apresentando um conhecimento mais representativo do que as mulheres. Os resultados mostraram que as diferen?as ambientais locais s?o fundamentais na sele??o das esp?cies, mas mostrou tamb?m que dentro das comunidades existem outros fatores como g?nero e a idade que tamb?m tendem a influenciar o conhecimento sobre as esp?cies. ? importante considerar fatores culturais, econ?micos, sociais e ambientais para melhor entender as intera??es existentes entre pessoas e animais, de forma que estas informa??es possam ser utilizadas para favorecer a implementa??o de medidas conservacionistas

A espécie Mazama bororo foi proposta em 1996 com base no cariótipo exclusivo (2n=32-34) encontrado em alguns animais de cativeiro. O presente estudo teve início em 1998, com os objetivos de confirmar a ocorrência da espécie na natureza, desenvolver metodologias de captura adequadas aos cervídeos de ambientes florestais e obter informações ecológicas básicas através da etnozoologia, do uso de armadilhas fotográficas e do monitoramento de animais marcados com rádio-colares. As pesquisas ocorreram em diferentes municípios e unidades de conservação públicas ou privadas ao longo da Serra de Paranapiacaba, região sul de São Paulo. As entrevistas realizadas com caçadores e palmiteiros da região indicaram a existência de 3 espécies de Mazama: M. americana, M. gouazoubira e M. bororo, além de fornecer informações gerais sobre sua ecologia, comportamento, dieta, reprodução e as técnicas de caça normalmente empregadas na região. Através das armadilhas fotográficas foi possível observar hábitos crepusculares e noturnos em M. bororo e detectar alguns padrões de utilização do habitat, possivelmente relacionados a estratégias anti-predatórias, reprodução e disponibilidade de recursos ao longo do ano. As diversas técnicas de captura empregadas apresentaram índices muito baixos de captura, a despeito do esforço relativamente alto investido nas tentativas. As técnicas de interceptação, utilizando armadilhas fixas ou desmontáveis foram as mais eficientes, resultando na captura de 4 animais. Foram estimadas áreas de uso para dois M. bororo (fêmeas) e um M. gouazoubira (macho) no interior e entorno do Parque Estadual Intervales (PEI), através da rádio-telemetria. As áreas de M. bororo foram consideravelmente menores e cobertas por vegetação nativa em bom estado de conservação enquanto que o M. gouazoubira ocupou áreas bastante antropizadas, indicando preferências de habitat distintas entre estas espécies. Evidências não comprovadas da existência de M. americana na região levantam questões relevantes acerca da conservação de M. bororo e apontam a extrema necessidade de estudos mais intensivos visando confirmar essa simpatria, determinar os nichos de cada espécie e principalmente definir a distribuição geográfica de M. bororo nos últimos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do país. / The species Mazama bororo was proposed in 1996 based on the unique karyotype (2n=32-34) found in some captive animals. The present study began in 1998 and intended to confirm the occurrence of this species in nature as well as to develop deer capture methods adequate in forest environments and to obtain basic ecological information using etnozoological approach, camera traps and radio-collared animals. For this purpose research was carried out several in municipalities and in public or private conservation units along the Paranapiacaba Ridge, southern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Interviews accomplished with hunters and heart of palm gatherers from this region indicated the existence of 3 Mazama's species: M. americana, M. gouazoubira and M. bororo. These interviews also supplied general information about the ecology, behavior, diet and reproduction of these deer species and the hunting techniques employed in the region. Camera traps allowed the observation of the twilight and nocturnal habits of M. bororo and of some patterns of habitat utilization, probably related to anti-predatory strategies, reproduction and resources availability along the year. In spite of the intense efforts, all techniques employed for capture in this study had a low capture index. The interception technique, using fixed or dismountable traps and resulting in the capture of 4 animals, was the most efficient. Home ranges of two M. bororo (females) and a M. gouazoubira (male) were estimated in the Intervales State Park (PEI) and it’s outskirts by radio-telemetry. The home ranges of M. bororo were considerably smaller and covered by well preserved native vegetation. M. gouazoubira many times occupied degraded areas, indicating distinct habitat preferences between these species. Not proven evidences of the existence of M. americana in the studied region rise important questions regarding M. bororo preservation; there is an urgent need for intensive studies to confirm this simpatry, to determine the niches of both species and to define the geographical distribution of Mazama bororo in the last Atlantic Rain Forest remainders of the Brazil.