Forskning om välmående utifrån hedoniskt och eudaimoniskt perspektiv har bidragit med teorier om välmående. Dock har få fenomenologiska studier gjorts i ämnet. Positiv psykologi vill stärka den psykiska hälsan hos individer, så också denna studie som undersökt de gemensamma komponenterna i människors upplevelse av att må bra. Sextio kvinnor, 30 män, 18 år och äldre från fem delar av världen skrev berättelser, svarade på kvalitativ online enkät eller intervjuades. Berättelserna analyserades inspirerat av strukturell fenomenologisk metod med kvantitativa inslag som resulterade i fyra teman (a) interaktion, (b) rörelse, (c) återhämtning, (d) yttre och inre balans. Dessa gav en holistisk bild av att må bra med återhämtning och delar ur yttre och inre balans som nya inslag från existerande välmåendemodeller. Resultatet kan ge insikter om välmående, användbart inom arbeten med människor. Vidare kan resultatet prövas och bidra till ett självrapporteringsformulär om en individs välmående ur ett helhetsperspektiv.

A Ética Nicomaqueia tem como tema central a felicidade (eudaimonia). No entanto, há um problema, pelo menos aparente, em relação a como a eudaimonia é caracterizada principalmente no livro I e no livro X da EN. A partir do que é desenvolvido no primeiro livro e nos livros centrais da EN, podemos entender que a felicidade contém boas ações, isto é, ações de acordo com as virtudes de caráter. No entanto, no livro X, a felicidade é identificada com a contemplação, ou seja, o exercício da virtude teórica, e as ações moralmente virtuosas acabam ficando em uma posição inferior. Surge, então, o problema de determinar se a felicidade é um ou mais bens e como combiná-los. Esse problema foi apontado por W. F. R. Hardie no artigo “O bem final na ética de Aristóteles” e, a partir de sua publicação, iniciou-se uma discussão a respeito de a eudaimonia ser um fim inclusivo ou um fim dominante. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a noção de eudaimonia na EN a partir da discussão mencionada acima. Para isso, analiso as passagens e os conceitos importantes para avaliar os argumentos apresentados e as interpretações sustentadas pelos comentadores inseridos nessa discussão. Ao longo do trabalho, mostro que a identificação da eudaimonia com a atividade teórica virtuosa não é incompatível com o exercício das virtudes morais e que ambos fazem parte da eudaimonia. / The central theme of the Nicomachean Ethics is happiness (eudaimonia). However there is a problem, at least apparent, regarding the characterization of eudaimonia, particulary in books I and X of the NE. Based on what is developed in the first and central books of NE we can understand that happiness contains good actions, that is, actions in accordance with character virtues. In book X, however, happiness is identified with contemplation, that is, the exercise of theorethical virtue, and morally virtuous actions ends up occupying a lower position. What follows is the emergence of the problem of determining whether happiness is one or more goods and how to combine them. This problem was pointed out by W. F. R. Hardie in the paper “The final good in Aristotle's Ethics”, and since its publication, it started a discussion about eudaimonia being an inclusive or a dominant end. The aim of this work is to study the idea of eudaimonia in the NE based on the discussion mentioned above. To achieve that, I analyze important passages and concepts to assess the arguments presented and the interpretations sustained by critics involved in the discussion. In this study, I show that the identification of eudaimonia with theorethical activity is not inconsistent with the exercise of moral virtues, and that both are part of eudaimonia.

A Ética Nicomaqueia tem como tema central a felicidade (eudaimonia). No entanto, há um problema, pelo menos aparente, em relação a como a eudaimonia é caracterizada principalmente no livro I e no livro X da EN. A partir do que é desenvolvido no primeiro livro e nos livros centrais da EN, podemos entender que a felicidade contém boas ações, isto é, ações de acordo com as virtudes de caráter. No entanto, no livro X, a felicidade é identificada com a contemplação, ou seja, o exercício da virtude teórica, e as ações moralmente virtuosas acabam ficando em uma posição inferior. Surge, então, o problema de determinar se a felicidade é um ou mais bens e como combiná-los. Esse problema foi apontado por W. F. R. Hardie no artigo “O bem final na ética de Aristóteles” e, a partir de sua publicação, iniciou-se uma discussão a respeito de a eudaimonia ser um fim inclusivo ou um fim dominante. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a noção de eudaimonia na EN a partir da discussão mencionada acima. Para isso, analiso as passagens e os conceitos importantes para avaliar os argumentos apresentados e as interpretações sustentadas pelos comentadores inseridos nessa discussão. Ao longo do trabalho, mostro que a identificação da eudaimonia com a atividade teórica virtuosa não é incompatível com o exercício das virtudes morais e que ambos fazem parte da eudaimonia. / The central theme of the Nicomachean Ethics is happiness (eudaimonia). However there is a problem, at least apparent, regarding the characterization of eudaimonia, particulary in books I and X of the NE. Based on what is developed in the first and central books of NE we can understand that happiness contains good actions, that is, actions in accordance with character virtues. In book X, however, happiness is identified with contemplation, that is, the exercise of theorethical virtue, and morally virtuous actions ends up occupying a lower position. What follows is the emergence of the problem of determining whether happiness is one or more goods and how to combine them. This problem was pointed out by W. F. R. Hardie in the paper “The final good in Aristotle's Ethics”, and since its publication, it started a discussion about eudaimonia being an inclusive or a dominant end. The aim of this work is to study the idea of eudaimonia in the NE based on the discussion mentioned above. To achieve that, I analyze important passages and concepts to assess the arguments presented and the interpretations sustained by critics involved in the discussion. In this study, I show that the identification of eudaimonia with theorethical activity is not inconsistent with the exercise of moral virtues, and that both are part of eudaimonia.

Previous research has looked at how two dominant approaches to pursuing the good life – eudaimonia (pursuit of growth, excellence, authenticity) and hedonia (pursuit of pleasure, comfort) relate to benefits for the self. This thesis looked beyond personal well-being and investigated how eudaimonic and hedonic orientations relate to benefits beyond the self and broader scope of concern. Manuscript 1 assessed the link between eudaimonic and hedonic orientations and self-reported and observational prosocial behaviour, self-focused and other focused values, as well as time perspectives and abstract thinking. Manuscript 2 explored the association between eudaimonic and hedonic orientations and hindering social behaviours, and helping under various circumstances. Next, Manuscript 3 examined reasons for engaging in prosocial behaviours, including self-focused and other-focused motives. Lastly, Manuscript 4 went beyond self-report measures by studying the distinction between eudaimonic and hedonic orientations on reactions to pictures depicting human/animal/nature happiness/health and suffering/degradation based on self-report affect and empathy, facial expressions, and psychophysiological measures (skin conductance and heart rate). Manuscript 1 showed that eudaimonic orientation related to a broader focus, including scope of concern (i.e., a wider variety of prosocial behaviours, prosocial values), a balanced time perspective (present and future focus) and abstract mindset (i.e., high-level construal), while hedonic orientation tended to be more narrowly focused on the self and present moment. Manuscript 2 revealed that eudaimonic orientation related positively to helping under abstract and costly situations, and negatively with hindering social behaviours; hedonic orientation was related to negative impacts beyond the self. Manuscript 3 showed that eudaimonic orientation was a balance of helping to benefit both the self and others, while hedonic orientation was primarily related to helping for personal benefits. Manuscript 4 showed that eudaimonic orientation related to greater self-report joy and suffering beyond the self (relative to hedonia), while findings for facial expressions and psychophysiological responses were inconclusive. This research provides a unique contribution to the well-being literature by investigating the impacts that eudaimonic and hedonic orientations have on society using a comprehensive array of self-report questionnaires and a novel picture paradigm. Limitations of the present research include that most studies were based on self-report which can produce social desirability bias, and that the studies were correlational which limits casual inferences about the findings. Future research would benefit from experimental studies assessing the link between eudaimonia and hedonia and broad scope of concern.

Motivations for entertainment consumption are complex, involving moods, wants, anticipations, and several other factors. Typically, attempts at a theoretical understanding of motivations for media selection have centered on enjoyment, or hedonic, pleasure-seeking motivations. Recently eudaimonic, or truth-seeking, motivations have also been given much attention. Most investigations into hedonic and eudaimonic motivations for media consumption have conceptualized these motivations as traits, rather than as states. Recent research has used survey methods to determine that those with hedonic motivations tend to seek out entertainment that is hedonic in nature and feel more fun affect while watching, while those with eudaimonic motivations for consuming entertainment tend to seek out media that is eudaimonic and nature and experience more meaningful affect during viewing. This experiment successfully manipulated hedonic and eudaimonic states using clips with either hedonic or eudemonic tone from three different television shows, with hedonic or eudaimonic tone in clips significantly affecting participants\' reports of hedonic and eudaimonic states as well as meaningful and fun affect. The effects of clips with hedonic or eudaimonic tone on these responses were not moderated by typical hedonic and eudaimonic trait preferences. The experiment also examined the effect that clips with hedonic or eudaimonic tone might have on subsequent program selection by allowing participants to rank hedonic or eudaimonic clips for subsequent viewing. The hedonic or eudaimonic tone of the clips only predicted participants\' subsequent  preference for eudaimonic or hedonic clips in the case of one of the three shows in the study; this effect on subsequent clip preference was found with the show that generally elicted the strongest responses from viewers in other study measures. Implications for our understanding of television consumption motivations are discussed. / Master of Arts

Participation in sport has well-documented physical, psychological and social benefits that can lead to positive youth development (c.f., Eime, Young, Harvey, Charity, & Payne, 2013; Hebert, Møller, Andersen, & Wedderkopp, 2015; Vandell, Larson, Mahoney, & Watts, 2015) as well as youths’ thriving (Zarrett & Lerner, 2008). However, evidence continues to demonstrate that the number of sport participants in Canada and Japan continues to decline (Canadian Heritage, 2013, Statistics Canada, 2019; Nippon Junior High School Physical Culture Association, 2017). Such trends indicate the importance of understanding the psychological factors and the mechanisms of the relationships which may be important in determining how to keep young people in sport and optimally functioning. As thriving has been a popular topic in psychology research for two decades (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), recent evidence suggests that the concept of thriving is a positive predictor of desired outcomes such as retention, well-being, and performance (e.g., Porath, Spreitzer, Gibson, & Garnett, 2012; Ren, Yunlu, Shaffer, & Fodchuk, 2015). Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000, 2017), a well-cited tenet explaining human motivation and function, has concomitantly been utilized to explain the relationship between motivational factors and thriving (Ryan & Deci, 2017; Spreitzer & Porath, 2014). Since motivation is a key element for sport continuation and positive functioning (Roberts, 2012), the current dissertation focused on the investigation of the psychological mechanism underlying youth athletes’ thriving by examining self-determination theory. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to examine the psychological mechanism underlying thriving within a youth sport context. To do so, the current dissertation involved three different studies. Study 1 investigated the mechanism underlying youth athletes’ thriving with specific consideration regarding personal predictable factors and the consequences. Study 2 tested the buffering effect of mental toughness on the negative indirect relationships between basic psychological need thwarting and important outcomes for youth athletes’ positive functioning (intention to continue, subjective well-being in sport, and goal progress) through thriving. Study 3 examined how personal and social factors are related to thriving, in turn associating with important outcome variables of interest. In Study 1, the results revealed that basic psychological need satisfaction are positively associated with intention to continue in sport, subjective well-being in sport, and goal progress through thriving. Furthermore, both hedonic and eudaimonic motives were indirectly related to thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction. Lastly, hedonic and eudaimonic motives were positively related to intention to continue in sport, subjective well-being in sport, and goal progress through basic psychological need satisfaction and thriving. The findings from study 1 contribute to nurturing the body of literature in the self-determination theory by presenting a comprehensive model to enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thriving within the youth sport context. In addition, hedonic and eudaimonic motives have been rarely applied to the sport context and the youth participants in particular. As motives are more broadly defined than the reasons for behaviors (Cambridge University, 2001), the present study indicated that youth athletes’ motivational orientations (e.g., hedonic seeking or eudaimonic seeking for their sport participation) would have important meanings in their sport participation to increase the experience and thriving and positive functioning. In Study 2, the results demonstrated significant moderating effects of mental toughness on the indirect associations between basic psychological need thwarting and the outcomes through thriving. In other words, the negative impacts of basic psychological need thwarting on important outcomes were weakest for those participants who showed high mental toughness and strongest for the individuals with low mental toughness. The results demonstrated novel findings in that the mediating role of thriving between a motivational factor and outcome variables were moderated by the degree of mental toughness. Lastly, in Study 3, the results demonstrated that the social factors (i.e., autonomy supportiveness of both coaches and parents) were positively related to thriving and intrinsic regulation three months later through increased basic psychological need satisfaction. Additionally, hedonic motives did not predict thriving while eudaimonic motives indirectly predicted thriving and intrinsic regulation through basic psychological need satisfaction. Eudaimonic motives, but not hedonic motives, positively predicted intrinsic motivation three months later through basic psychological need satisfaction. Although previous research demonstrated significant relationships with high degrees of self-determined motivation regulation (e.g., intrinsic regulation) and both hedonic and eudaimonic experience (i.e., Waterman et al., 2008), our research demonstrated only eudaimonic motives were positively related to intrinsic regulation. Furthermore, the study found that hedonic motives did not indirectly predict thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction while eudaimonic motives predicted thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction. Since both social factors were significantly associated with intrinsic regulation and thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction, hedonic motives were not an important predictor of the enhancement in youth athletes’ intrinsic regulation and thriving when comparing with another personal factor (eudaimonic motives) and the social factors (i.e., autonomy supportiveness of coaches and parents). Overall, this thesis provides a greater theoretical understanding of the comprehensive mechanism underlying thriving within a youth sport context by using a theory of motivation. As the dissertation examined both personal and social factors affecting youth thriving, the results provide insight into the ways in which youth can thrive and thus, implications are also drawn for important stakeholders in sport.

No description available.

This essay will research aspects of romantic love, as well as aspects of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. The purpose of the essay is to discuss if romantic love can be part of virtue ethics and eudaimonia. The philosopher Raja Halwani presents two concepts of romantic love that are relevant to the discussion. The concepts are romantic love 1 and romantic love 2. The first one is a new love, where the partners only want to be with each other. The second type of love is closer to companionship where the partners are familiar with each other and have been together for a long time. To contrast this, I will use Martin Hägglund’s theory concerning romantic love. In Hägglund’s theory love is built upon the care we feel for our partners. However, it is the fear that the loved one can be taken away from us that constitutes this care. In the end, one of the two concepts Raja Halwani were determined to be virtuous and part of eudaimonia. Hägglund’s theory was partly virtuous due to the care he deems that we feel for our loved ones. / Denna uppsats kommer att undersöka aspekter av romantisk kärlek, samt aspekter av Aristoteles Nichomachean Ethics. Uppsatsen syfte är att diskutera om romantisk kärlek kan vara en del av dygdetiken och eudaimonia. Filosofen Raja Halwani presenterar två olika typer av romantisk kärlek som är relevanta för diskussionen. Dessa två typer är romantic love 1 och romantic love 2. Den första är en typ av ny kärlek där personerna endast vill vara med varandra. Den andra typen av kärlek är närmare engelskans companionship. Här är partnerna väldigt nära varandra och har varit tillsammans under en lång tid. För att kontrastera detta så kommer jag använda Martin Hägglunds teori som har att göra med romantisk kärlek. Hägglunds teori bygger kärlek på omsorgen vi känner för våra älskade. Dock är det rädslan att våra älskade kan tas ifrån oss som utgör denna omsorg. Till slut klargjordes det att en av Halwanis typer av kärlek var dygdig och del av eudaimonia. Hägglunds teori var till viss del dygdig på grund av omsorgen han fastställer att vi känner för våra älskade.

No description available.

No description available.