Orientador: José Antônio Perrella Balestieri / Abstract: Direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines aim at reducing specific fuel consumption and achieving the strict emission standards in state of the art internal combustion engines. Therefore, in this work the goal is to develop code for simulations of the internal flow in DISI engines, as well as the phenomenon of fuel spray injection into the combustion chamber using a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach for representing the multiphase flow, and Large-eddy Simulations (LES) for modeling the turbulence of the continuum medium by means of the open-source CFD library OpenFOAM. In order to validate the obtained results and the developed models, experimental data from the Darmstadt optical engine, and the non-reactive “Spray G” gasoline injection case, along with the reactive “Spray A” case from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) will be employed. Finally, a novel open-source solver will be proposed to simulate the Darmstadt optical engine in motored and fired operation under stratified mixture condition, using data compiled by the Darmstadt Engine Workshop (DEW) for validation. Moreover, a deep learning framework is presented to train an artificial neural network (ANN) with the engine LES data generated in this work, in order to make predictions of the small scale turbulence behavior. / Resumo: Motores de ignição a centelha com injeção direta (direct injection spark ignition engines, DISI engines) visam reduzir o consumo específico de combustível e respeitar os restritos níveis de emissão em motores de combustão interna de última geração. Assim, pretende-se com este trabalho desenvolver código para simulação do escoamento interno em motores DISI, assim como os fenômenos de injeção de combustível no interior da câmara de combustão utilizando uma abordagem Lagrangeana-Euleriana para representação do escoamento multifásico e Simulação de Grandes Escalas (Large-eddy simulation, LES) para a modelagem da turbulência no meio contínuo, por intermédio da biblioteca CFD de código aberto OpenFOAM. De modo a validar os resultados e os modelos desenvolvidos, dados experimentais serão utilizados, obtidos do motor óptico de Darmstadt, e do caso de teste de injeção de gasolina não-reativo “Spray G”, juntamente com o caso reativo “Spray A” da Rede de Combustão em Motores (Engine Combustion Network, ECN). Enfim, um novo código aberto será proposto para simular o motor óptico de Darmstadt em condições de escoamento a frio (sem combustão) e com combustão em condição de mistura estratificada, usando dados compilados pelo Workshop do Motor de Darmstadt (Darmstadt Engine Workshop, DEW) para validação. Além disso, uma abordagem de aprendizado profundo (deep learning) será apresentada para treinar uma rede neural artificial (artificial neural network, ANN) com dados de simulação LES de moto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

A three-dimensional, parallel, finite volume solver which uses Roe&#039 / s upwind flux differencing scheme for spatial and Runge-Kutta explicit multistage time stepping scheme for temporal discretization on unstructured meshes is developed for the unsteady solution of external viscous flow around rotating bodies. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the aerodynamic dynamic stability derivative coefficients for rotating missile configurations. Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation is adapted to the solver for the simulation of the rotation of the body. Eigenvalues of the Euler equations in ALE form has been derived. Body rotation is simply performed by rotating the entire computational domain including the body of the projectile by means of rotation matrices. Spalart-Allmaras one-euqation turbulence model is implemented to the solver. The solver developed is first verified in 3-D for inviscid flow over two missile configurations. Then inviscid flow over a rotating missile is tested. Viscous flux computation algorithms and Spalarat-Allmaras turbulence model implementation are validated in 2-D by performing calculations for viscous flow over flat plate, NACA0012 airfoil and NLR 7301 airfoil with trailing edge flap. The ALE formulation is validated in 2-D on a rapidly pitching NACA0012 airfoil. Afterwards three-dimensional validation studies for viscous, laminar and turbulent flow calculations are performed on 3-D flat plate problem. At last, as a validation test case, unsteady laminar and turbulent viscous flow calculations over a spinning M910 projectile configuration are performed. Results are qualitatively in agreement with the analytical solutions, experimental measurements and previous studies for steady and unsteady flow calculations.

The aim of this study is to simulate the unsteady flow around rotating or oscillating airfoils. This will help to understand the rotor aerodynamics, which is essential in turbines and propellers. In this study, a pre-existing Euler solver with finite volume method that is developed in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Middle East Technical University (METU) is improved. This structured pre-existing code was developed for 2-D internal flows with Lax-Wendroff scheme. The improvement consist of firstly, the generalization of the code to external flow / secondly, implementation of first order Roe&rsquo / s flux splitting scheme and lastly, the implementation of rotation with the help of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method. For the verification of steady and unsteady results of the code, the experimental and computational results from literature are utilized. For steady conditions, subsonic and transonic cases are investigated with different angle of attacks. For the verification of unsteady results of the code, oscillating airfoil case is used. The flow is assumed as inviscid, unsteady, adiabatic and two dimensional. The gravity is neglected and the air is taken as ideal gas. The developed code is run on computers housed in METU Mechanical Engineering Department Computational Fluid Dynamics High Performance Computing (CFD-HPC) Laboratory.

L’évolution des polluants dans l’atmosphère dépend de phénomènes variés, tels que les émissions, la météorologie, la turbulence ou les transformations physico-chimiques, qui ont des échelles caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles très diverses. Il est très difficile, par conséquent, de représenter l’ensemble de ces échelles dans un modèle de qualité de l’air. Les modèles eulériens de chimie-transport, couramment utilisés, ont une résolution bien supérieure à la taille des plus petites échelles. Cette thèse propose une revue des processus physiques mal représentés par les modèles de qualité de l’air, et de la variabilité sous-maille qui en résulte. Parmi les méthodes possibles permettant de mieux prendre en compte les différentes échelles , deux approches ont été développées : le couplage entre un modèle local et un modèle eulérien, ainsi qu’une approche statistique de réduction d’échelle. (1) Couplage de modèles : l’une des principales causes de la variabilité sous-maille réside dans les émissions, qu’il s’agisse des émissions ponctuelles ou du trafic routier. En particulier, la taille caractéristique d’un panache émis par une cheminée très inférieure à l’échelle spatiale bien résolue par les modèles eulériens. Une première approche étudiée dans la thèse est un traitement sous maille des émissions ponctuelles, en couplant un modèle gaussien à bouffées pour l’échelle locale à un modèle eulérien (couplage appelé panache sous-maille). L’impact de ce traitement est évalué sur des cas de traceurs à l’échelle continentale (ETEX-I et Tchernobyl) ainsi que sur un cas de photochimie à l’échelle de la région parisienne. Différents aspects sont étudiés, notamment l’incertitude due aux paramétrisations du modèle local, ainsi que l’influence de la résolution du maillage eulérien. (2) Réduction d’échelle statistique : une seconde approche est présentée, basée sur des méthodes statistiques de réduction d’échelle. Il s’agit de corriger l’erreur de représentativité du modèle aux stations de mesures. En effet, l’échelle de représentativité d’une station de mesure est souvent inférieure à l’échelle traitée par le modèle (échelle d’une maille), et les concentrations à la station sont donc mal représentées par le modèle. En pratique, il s’agit d’utiliser des relations statistiques entre les concentrations dans les mailles du modèle et les concentrations aux stations de mesure, afin d’améliorer les prévisions aux stations. L’utilisation d’un ensemble de modèles permet de prendre en compte l’incertitude inhérente aux paramétrisations des modèles. Avec cet ensemble, différentes techniques sont utilisées, de la régression simple à la décomposition en composantes principales, ainsi qu’une technique nouvelle appelée « composantes principales ajustées ». Les résultats sont présentés pour l’ozone à l’échelle européenne, et analysés notamment en fonction du type de station concerné (rural, urbain ou périurbain) / The evolution of atmospheric pollutants depends on various processes which occur at multiple characteristic scales, such as emissions, meteorology, turbulence, chemical transformation and deposition. Representing all the time and spatial scales in an air quality model is, therefore, very difficult. Chemical-transport Eulerian models, which are generally used, have a typical resolution much coarser than the finest scales.. Thus, many processes are not well described by these models, which results in subgrid-scale variability. This thesis proposes a review of subgrid-scale processes and associated uncertainty, as well as two multiscale methods aimed at reducing this uncertainty : (1) coupling an Eulerian model with a local-scale Gaussian model, and (2)using statistical downscaling methods. (1) Model coupling : one aof the main subgrid-scale processes is emissions, especially point emissions (industry) and traffic. In particular, the characteristic spatial scale of a plume emitted by a chimmey is much smaller than the typical Eulerian grid resolution. The coupling method, called plume-in-grid model, uses a Gaussian puff model to better represent point emissions at local scale, coupled to an Eulerain model. The impact of this subgrid-scale treatment of emissions is evaluated at continental scale for passive tracers (ETEX-I et Tchernobyl), as well as for photochemistry at regional scale (Paris region). Several issues are addressed, especially the uncertainty due to local-scale parameterizations and the influence of the Eulerian grid resolution. (2) Statistical downscaling : this method aims at compensating the representativity error made by the model when forecasting concentrations at particular measurement stations. The representativity scale of these stations is, indeed, typically smaller than the Eulerian cell size, and concentrations at stations depend on many subgrid-scale phenomena (micrometeorology, topography…). Thus, using statistical relationships between the larg-scale variable (model output) and local-scale variable (concentrations observed at stations) allows to significantly reduce the forecast error. In addition, using ensemble simulations allows to better take into account the model error due to physical parameterizations. With this ensemble, several downscaling methods are implemented : simple and multiple linear regression, with or without preprocessing. The preprocessing methods include a classical principal component analysis, as well as another method called “principal fitted component”. Results are presented at European scale, for ozone peaks, and analyzed for several types of stations (rural, urban or periurban)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5476.pdf: 893744 bytes, checksum: e444c4faa79c02073abeef63581d7ed5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In this work we present some applications of graph theory in problems involving polynomial identities for the algebra Mn (K). A brief presentation of PI-theory and some concepts of graph theory, such as the definition of Eulerian graphs, which are the basic elements of this work, were presented to make the text self- contained. We show two different proofs of the Amitsur-Levitzki theorem, the proof of Razmyslov and other due to Swan's theorem - an important result on Eulerian graphs. Finally, a similar result of the Amitsur-Levitzki's theorem for skew-symmetric matrices is proved using elements of graph theory. We emphasize that the understanding of the technique makes it possible to simplify many results and has been an important tool in the study of PI-algebras. / Neste trabalho apresentamos algumas aplicações de Teoria de Grafos em problemas envolvendo identidades polinomiais para a álgebra das matrizes Mn (K). Uma breve apresentação de PI-teoria e de alguns on eitos de Teoria de Grafos, como a de_- nição de grafos eulerianos, que são os elementos básicos desta abordagem, foram apresentadas para tornar o texto auto contido. São explicitadas duas demonstrações distintas do Teorema de Amitsur-Levitzki, a de Razmyslov e uma de corrente do Teorema de Swan - um resultado importante a respeito de grafos eulerianos. Por _m, um resultado semelhante ao Teorema de Amitsur-Levitzki para matrizes antis- simétricas é demonstrado utilizando elementos de Teoria de Grafos. Ressaltamos que o entendimento da técnica utilizada torna possível a simplificação de diversos resultados e tem se mostrado uma importante ferramenta no estudo de PI-álgebras.

La simulation des écoulements diphasiques rencontrés dans les moteurs à combustion interne (MCI) est de grande importance pour la prédiction de la performance des moteurs et des émissions polluantes. L’injection directe du carburant liquide à l’intérieur de la chambre de combustion génère loin de l’injecteur un brouillard de gouttes polydisperses, communément appelé spray. Du point de vue de la modélisation, l’émergence des méthodes Eulériennes pour la description du spray est considérée prometteuse par la communauté scientifique. De plus, la prise en compte de la distribution en taille des gouttes par les approches Eulériennes, de manière peu coûteuse en temps de calcul, n’est plus considérée comme un verrou depuis le développement de la méthode Eulerian Multi Size Moment (EMSM). Afin d’envisager la simulation de configurations réalistes de MCI, ce travail de thèse propose de modéliser les interactions turbulentes two-way entre le spray polydisperse évaporant et la phase gazeuse environnante par la méthode EMSM. Dans le contexte du formalisme Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) dédiée au traitement du maillage mobile, les termes sources présents dans le modèle diphasique sont traités séparément des autres contributions. Le système d’équations est fermé à l’aide d’une technique de reconstruction par maximisation d’entropie (ME), originellement introduite pour EMSM. Une nouvelle stratégie de résolution a été développée pour garantir la stabilité numérique aux échelles de temps très rapides introduites par les transferts de masse, quantité de mouvement et énergie, tout en respectant la condition de réalisabilité associée à la préservation de l’espace des moments d’ordre ´élevé. A l’aide des simulations académiques, la stabilité et la précision de la méthode ont été étudiées aussi bien pour des lois d’évaporation constantes que dépendantes du temps. Tous ces développements ont été intégrés dans le code industriel IFP-C3D dédié aux écoulements compressibles et réactifs. Dans le contexte de la simulation en 2-D de l’injection directe, les résultats se sont avérés très encourageants comme en témoignent les comparaisons qualitatives et quantitatives de la méthode Eulerienne à la simulation Lagrangienne de référence des gouttes. De plus, les simulations en 3-D effectuées dans une configuration typique de chambre de combustion et des conditions d’injection réalistes ont donné lieu à des résultats qualitativement très satisfaisants. Afin de prendre en compte la modélisation de la turbulence, une extension moyennée, au sens de Reynolds, des équations du modèle diphasique two-way est dérivée, un soin particulier étant apporté aux fermetures des corrélations turbulentes. La répartition de l’énergie dans le spray ainsi que les interactions turbulentes entre les phases ont été étudiées dans des cas tests homogènes. Ces derniers donnent un aperçu intéressant sur la physique sous-jacente dans les MCI. Cette nouvelle approche RANS diphasique est maintenant prête à être employée pour les simulations d’application de MCI. / The ability to simulate two-phase flows is of crucial importance for the prediction of internal combustion engine (ICE) performance and pollutant emissions. The direct injection of the liquid fuel inside the combustion chamber generates a cloud of polydisperse droplets, called spray, far downstream of the injector. From the modeling point of view, the emergence of Eulerian techniques for the spray description is considered promising by the scientific community. Moreover, the bottleneck issue for Eulerian methods of capturing the droplet size distribution with a reasonable computational cost, has been successfully tackled through the development of Eulerian Multi Size Moment (EMSM) method. Towards realistic ICE applications, the present PhD work addresses the modeling of two-way turbulent interactions between the polydisperse spray and its surrounding gas-phase through EMSM method. Following to the moving mesh formalism ArbitraryLagrangian Eulerian (ALE), the source terms arising in the two-phase model have been treated separately from other contributions. The equation system is closed through the maximum entropy (ME) reconstruction technique originally introduced for EMSM. A new resolution strategy is developed in order to guarantee the numerical stability under veryfast time scales related to mass, momentum and energy transfers, while preserving the realizability condition associated to the set of high order moments. From the academic point of view, both the accuracy and the stability have been deeply investigated under both constant and time dependent evaporation laws. All these developments have beenintegrated in the industrial software IFP-C3D dedicated to compressible reactive flows. In the context of 2-D injection simulations, very encouraging quantitative and qualitative results have been obtained as compared to the reference Lagrangian simulation of droplets. Moreover, simulations conducted under a typical 3-D configuration of a combustion chamber and realistic injection conditions have given rise to fruitful achievements. Within the framework of industrial turbulence modeling, a Reynolds averaged (RA) extension of the two-way coupling equations is derived, providing appropriate closures for turbulent correlations. The correct energy partitions inside the spray and turbulent interactions between phases have been demonstrated through homogeneous test-cases. The latter cases gave also some significant insights on underlying physics in ICE. This new RA approach is now ready for ICE application simulations.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-28T12:41:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Priscila de Brito.pdf: 1439366 bytes, checksum: 6c39b441ca6cf64e146c11f1a5822457 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T12:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Priscila de Brito.pdf: 1439366 bytes, checksum: 6c39b441ca6cf64e146c11f1a5822457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / This presentation provides an introduction to graph theory, making the connection between some of its concepts and the and characterization of Regular Polyhedra. Special emphasis will be given to the study of Eulerian graphs, Euler's Formula, Graphs and Planar Graphs Platonic. Finally, a proposed instructional sequence that focuses on introducing the concept of the graph elementary school students, making connections with the regular polyhedra is presented. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma introdução à Teoria dos Grafos, fazendo a ligação entre alguns dos seus conceitos e a caracterização dos Poliedros Regulares. Será dada uma ênfase especial ao estudo dos Grafos Eulerianos, da Fórmula de Euler, dos Grafos Planares e dos Grafos Platônicos. Por fim, será apresentada uma proposta de sequência didática que tem como foco introduzir o conceito de grafo a alunos do ensino básico, fazendo ligações com os Poliedros Regulares.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis has been garnering attention from researchers due to its wide range of applications. Medical researchers have always been interested in Heart Rate (HR) and HRV analysis, but nowadays, investigators from variety of other fields are also probing the subject. For instance, variation in HR and HRV is connected to emotional arousal. Therefore, knowledge from the fields of affective computing and psychology, can be employed to devise machines that understand the emotional states of humans. Recent advancements in non-contact HR and HRV measurement techniques will likely further boost interest in emotional estimation through . Such measurement methods involve the extraction of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal from the human's face through a camera. The latest approaches apply Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on the color channels of video recordings to extract a PPG signal. Other investigated methods rely on Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) to detect subtle changes in skin color associated with PPG. The effectiveness of the EVM in HR estimation has well been established. However, to the best of our knowledge, EVM has not been successfully employed to extract HRV feature from a video of a human face. In contrast, ICA based methods have been successfully used for HRV analysis. As we demonstrate in this thesis, these two approaches for HRV feature extraction are highly sensitive to noise. Hence, when we evaluated them in indoor settings, we obtained mean absolute error in the range of 0.012 and 28.4. Therefore, in this thesis, we present two approaches to minimize the error rate when estimating physiological measurements from recorded facial videos using a standard camera. In our first approach which is based on the EVM method, we succeeded in extracting HRV measurements but we could not get rid of high frequency noise, which resulted in a high error percentage for the result of the High frequency (HF) component. Our second proposed approach solved this issue by applying ICA on the red, green and blue (RGB) colors channels and we were able to achieve lower error rates and less noisy signal as compared to previous related works. This was done by using a Buterworth filter with the subject's specific HR range as its Cut-Off. The methods were tested with 12 subjects from the DISCOVER lab at the University of Ottawa, using artificial lights as the only source of illumination. This made it a challenge for us because artificial light produces HF signals which can interfere with the PPG signal. The final results show that our proposed ICA based method has a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.006, 0.005, 0.34, 0.57 and 0.419 for the mean HR, mean RR, LF, HF and LF/HF respectively. This approach also shows that these physiological parameters are highly correlated with the results taken from the electrocardiography (ECG).

Les moteurs diesel sont largement utilisés pour la propulsion automobile, grâce à leur rendement élevé. Les émissions polluantes les plus importantes des moteurs diesel sont les NOx et les particules (en combustion Dieselconventionnelle). Il est difficile de réduire et contrôler ces émissions parce que la diminution d’un polluant entraine l’augmentation de l’autre. Une voie est la combustion Diesel LTC (Combustion à basse température) qui peut réduireces deux polluants, mais d’autres polluants apparaissent alors, comme CO et HC. Une façon d’arriver à desconditions LTC est l’utilisation de l’injection multiple (pilote/main, split injection, etc.). La caractérisation de cesinjections multiples est particulièrement complexe, en raison des interactions entre les différentes injections.Cette thèse a pour but de réaliser un modèle 1D de spray qui peut simuler l’injection multiple et la combustioncorrespondante dans un moteur diesel de type automobile, suite à la thèse de G. Ma soutenue au LHEEA en 2013,qui a développé un modèle de combustion basé sur le modèle de spray 1D eulérien de Musculus et Kattke (sprayinerte). Une comparaison de ce modèle avec un modèle lagrangien (Hiroyasu, Poetsch), qui a un traitement pseudo2D pour le spray de carburant, est menée pour évaluer les différences entre les approches et déterminer l’approche lamieux adaptée aux cas envisagés.L’interaction du spray avec une paroi, essentielle pour modéliser les conditions dans un moteur automobile faitégalement l’objet d’une étude bibliographique et de premières tentatives de modélisation. Une modélisation pseudo-2D pour le modèle Eulérien est faite pour améliorer le calcul du dégagement de chaleur et de délai d’inflammation. Lavalidation de ces différentes évolutions est faite en confrontant les résultats du modèle avec des résultatsexpérimentaux obtenus sur la base de données de l’ECN (Engine Combustion Network), mais aussi avec des relevéseffectués par des autres auteurs. Des développements spécifiques sont également introduits pour traiter le casd’injection multiple et l’injection dans une chambre de combustion à géométrie variable (le système piston-cylindre). / Diesel engines are largely used in automotive propulsion due to their elevated efficiency. The most important pollutant emissions of diesel engines are NOx and particulate matter (in the case of conventional Diesel combustion). It is difficult to reduce and control these emissions because reducing one pollutant emission increases the other one. One way to try to achieve reduction in both pollutant emissions is called LTC (Low Temperature Combustion), which can reduce these two pollutants, but other pollutant emissions appear, as CO and HC. One way to achieve LTC conditions is using multiple injections (pilot/main, split injection, etc.). Modeling these injections is particularly complex, mainly due to their interactions.The objective of this thesis is to make a 1D spray model that can simulate multiple injections and the correspondingcombustion in an automobile diesel engine, continuing the work of G. Ma in his thesis defended at LHEEA in 2013,which developed a combustion model based in the 1D Eulerian spray of Musculus and Kattke (inert spray). Acomparison is made of this model and a Lagrangian model (Hiroyasu, Poetsch), which has a pseudo-2D treatment ofthe fuel spray, to evaluate the differences between the approaches and determine the best one suited for the foreseencases.The spray-wall interaction, essential to model the conditions inside an automotive engine, is subject to a bibliographyreview and coarse modeling. A pseudo-2D modeling for the Eulerian model is made, to improve the heat release rateand ignition delay calculation. The validation of these different evolutions is made by comparing the model results withexperimental results obtained from the ECN (Engine Combustion Network) data base, and also with data obtainedfrom the TSM test engines. Specific developments are also introduced to treat the multiple injection case and injectionin a variable geometry combustion chamber (the piston-cylinder system).

Ce travail porte sur le couplage des déformations d'une bulle avec son sillage et sa trajectoire dans plusieurs configurations. Un formalisme de type eulérien-lagrangien permet d'écrire le problème sur un domaine mouvant faiblement déformé par rapport à la configuration de référence. Grâce à cette approche, il est possible d'étudier dans un cadre linéaire le couplage entre les déformations d'une bulle et les effets hydrodynamiques. En appliquant ce formalisme, on peut dans un premier temps calculer l'écoulement de base autour de la bulle et sa géométrie d'équilibre, et dans un second temps développer une approche de stabilité globale prédisant les seuils d'instabilité et les propriétés des modes d'oscillation. Afin de développer cette méthode, des résultats sur les oscillations linéaires de bulles et de gouttes dans un fluide au repos et sans influence de la gravité sont tout d'abord présentés et comparés à des résultats théoriques existants. Puis, le principe du formalisme eulérien-lagrangien est illustré en prenant pour problème modèle l'équation de la chaleur formulée sur un domaine arbitrairement déformé. Ce principe est ensuite appliqué aux équations de Navier-Stokes, aboutissant à une version linéarisée autour d'un domaine de référence incluant de manière complète les couplages entre déformations de la géométrie et perturbations de l'écoulement. On met en oeuvre sur le système obtenu une méthode itérative de Newton donnant accès à l'état de base, c'est-à-dire à l'écoulement stationnaire autour de la bulle et à sa forme d'équilibre. Ce même système permet par la suite d'effectuer une analyse de stabilité globale de l'écoulement autour d'une bulle qui se déforme. L'algorithme développé est d'abord appliqué au cas d'une bulle piégée dans un écoulement d'étirement, permettant de décrire des formes d'équilibre dans des régimes stables et instables. Le cas de la bulle en ascension dans un fluide pur est ensuite abordé. Une étude paramétrique est conduite, couvrant une vaste gamme de liquides allant de l'eau pure à des huiles de silicone très visqueuses. Les états de base calculés par la méthode de Newton ainsi que les seuils d'instabilité des sillages sont en bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. Dans les cas des liquides très peu visqueux, notre approche décrit de manière plus précise les effets visqueux dans les couches limites et donne des résultats plus satisfaisants que les approches numériques existantes. Elle confirme par ailleurs que la déformation de la bulle joue un rôle mineur dans ces gammes de paramètres. Pour les liquides plus visqueux en revanche, on observe un couplage plus fort entre déformation et sillage. / This works deals with the coupling between time-dependent deformation, wake dynamics and path characteristics of a gas bubble in different configurations. An Eulerian-Lagrangian formalism is sought to formulate this problem in a moving domain having a small deformation compared to the reference configuration. This approach allows us to study the linear coupling between bubble deformations and hydrodynamic effects. This formalism makes it possible to first compute the base flow around a bubble and the corresponding steady shape, then to develop a global stability approach aimed at predicting the threshold of path instability and the properties of bubble oscillation modes. To develop this method, we first compute the linear oscillations of bubbles and drops in a quiescent fluid without gravity and compare them to existing theory. Then, the premise of the Eulerian-Lagrangian formalism is illustrated using a model equation, namely the heat equation written in an arbitrarily deformed domain. The same formalism is applied to the NavierStokes equations, yielding a linearized version of these equations in the neighbourhood of a reference domain, including the two-way coupling between shape deformations and perturbations of the base flow. With this system of equations at hand, we implement a Newton method that provides the steady state, i.e. the base flow around the bubble and its geometry. The same system allows us to carry out a global stability analysis of the flow past a deformable bubble. We first consider the situation where the bubble is trapped in a straining flow, for which we compute stable and unstable equilibrium shapes. We finally tackle the case of a buoyancy-driven bubble rising in a pure liquid. A parametric study is carried out over a wide range of liquids, from pure water to high-viscosity silicon oils. Steady states computed with the Newton method and instability thresholds are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. For low-viscosity fluids, our approach captures the viscous effects that take place in the boundary layer better than existing computational approaches, yielding predictions for the onset of path instability in better agreemnt with observations. Furthermore, it confirms that time-dependent bubble deformations play a minor part for such liquids. In contrast, a stronger coupling between shape and path instabilities is observed in high-viscosity fluids