Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 364-379) and index.

Law / LL.M.

From time to time there comes to a stirring up of a society-wide discussion on bioethical issues ? abortion, prenatal diagnosis, assisted reproduction and euthanasia in the Czech Republic. This social discussion is largely influenced by media which present to us interesting news or a story, but it is necessary to realize that these topics have a much broader scope and potential impacts than it is served up to us by media. A wide range of debaters as well as professional and lay public regularly express to bioethical issues relating to the beginning and the end of life. For a fruitful discussion it is necessary to clearly define and specify concepts, because often there is a misguided discussion without any expected results. In the past there was no need to deal with such issues very much, because the order was in hands of Nature. Not completely healthy individuals failed to conceive a child, an unwanted foetus was carried to term and its sex was a surprise for parents and finally, people died naturally according to their age or after a lost match with a disease. For many people Nature, for others some Higher Order. Of course, an incredible scientific development enabled such miracles of which we would have not dreamt hundred years ago yet. We have gained many rights, freedom and democracy as well as a wide-ranging choice. Today we can decide whether to become pregnant and in the same way we can decide that we get rid of the full womb from different reasons. Using diagnostic methods we can determine what a child we carry bellow the heart, but with the help of the same technique it can become uncomfortable for us. We can be treated and live even a century and in many places we can lawfully decide that our life has no meaning and we can finish it. The aim of the diploma thesis is to map readers´ awareness of bioethical issues using a secondary analysis of printed documents from three chosen Czech dailies in 2000 ? 2010 years. To track what triggered a debate among the readers, who discussed and what stance adopted the readers on the issue. The secondary objective was also the mapping of all proponents´ and opponents´ arguments of selected topics and comparing the results with the professional literature. The research shows that the public debate was always sparked by an event presented by the media, to which subsequently responded readers from all areas. According to the research results the public awareness of bioethical issues has been formed mostly by experts directly involved in bioethical dilemmas or carrying out such a profession, in which bioethics greatly interferes. Readers of diverse composition participated in the discussion and the most represented group was a group of experts and a group of lay debaters.

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of death and dying. The paper tries to compare the obtained findings from research conducted in their own home for elderly Welfare Centre Netolice and social assistance Vodnany and results from the literature. The aim of the study was to determine how workers home for the elderly perceive death and dying.

Os avanços científicos na área médica favorecem cada vez mais a preservação e a manutenção da vida humana por meios artificiais. Nesse sentido, destaca-se a importância do preparo do profissional da área da saúde para vivenciar situações que envolvem temas polêmicos como a eutanásia. Julga-se relevante também que estes profissionais embasem suas escolhas e ações em conhecimentos que vão para além do tecnocientífico, uma vez que a interdisciplinaridade proporciona um cuidado cada vez mais qualificado. A conjugação de áreas distintas, como a da saúde com o conhecimento filosófico, oferece a possibilidade de refletir de maneira mais profunda acerca de temas que até então eram abordados apenas no campo tecnocientífico. Assim, objetiva-se analisar a eutanásia voluntária sob a perspectiva e os princípios da ética utilitarista, a fim de fornecer aos profissionais da área da saúde uma abordagem da eutanásia para além do campo tecnocientífico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter analítico-descritivo. Explicita-se conceitos relevantes como os tipos de eutanásia e questões como liberdade e autonomia humanas, sempre analisando tais conceitos sob a ótica utilitarista. Com a presente pesquisa tem-se como finalidade, por meio da interdisciplinaridade, contribuir para o aprimoramento dos profissionais da área da saúde, uma vez que acredita-se que quanto mais qualificado for tal profissional, melhor será o cuidado oferecido pelo mesmo ao ser enfermo, especialmente àquele que vivencia o processo de morte. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2014-09-26T14:17:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Merlim Fachini.pdf: 764493 bytes, checksum: f834eef01d0560d0b911795e293a006b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T14:17:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Merlim Fachini.pdf: 764493 bytes, checksum: f834eef01d0560d0b911795e293a006b (MD5) / The scientific advances in the medical field increasingly favor the preservation and maintenance of human life by artificial means. In this sense, we highlight the importance of the preparation of the healthcare professional to experience situations involving controversial issues such as euthanasia. It is believed that these professionals also support their choices and actions in knowledge that goes beyond the Techno-scientific field, since the interdisciplinary approach provides an increasingly qualified care. The combination of different fields, such as health with philosophical knowledge, offers the possibility to reflect more deeply on topics that were previously covered only in the technoscientific field. This way, the objetive of this work is to analyze voluntary euthanasia from the perspective and principles of utilitarian ethics, in order to provide the healthcare professionals with an approach that goes beyond the technoscientific field. It is a literature research of descriptive-analytical character. It clarifies relevant concepts such as euthanasia and human freedom and autonomy, always analyzing these concepts from an utilitarian perspective. The present work has the purpose of contributing to the improvement of healthcare professionals through an interdisciplinary approach, since it is believed that the more qualified a professional is, the better the care provided by the same will be, especially if the patient is going through the dying process.

A presente dissertação investiga o problema da eutanásia. A tecnologia biomédica avançou nestas últimas duas décadas de forma notável, no bom e no mau sentido. É graças a esta tecnologia que muitos e muitos doentes têm sido salvos de suas enfermidades transitórias, porém, de outro lado, estas mesmas medidas, escravizam milhares de vidas a serem vividas sem qualquer perspectiva de cura ou melhora, somente prolongando a vida e o sofrimento de pacientes terminais. Nesse contexto, buscou-se trazer para conhecimento de toda comunidade científica, bem como dos estudantes de direito e afins, as teorias de direito do notório autor Ronald Dworkin, para possibilitar, num primeiro momento, demonstrar como este vê e entende o Direito e para, após, apresentar sua visão acerca do instituto da eutanásia. Por fim, expor a proposta de Dworkin em face de pedidos de eutanásia, bem como trazê-la para a realidade brasileira, verificando a possibilidade de sua implementação face à legislação vigente. Ressalta-se que se espera com este trabalho proporcionar mais uma fonte de conhecimento, para instigar a reflexão acerca da eutanásia em nossa sociedade, uma vez que é realmente necessária já que a morte é um processo vital pelo qual todos nós passaremos. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-10-08T12:28:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Joseane Cauduro.pdf: 1220139 bytes, checksum: 4210a2e963d84ecccddc938941629399 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-08T12:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Joseane Cauduro.pdf: 1220139 bytes, checksum: 4210a2e963d84ecccddc938941629399 (MD5) / The present dissertation deals with the euthanasia’s problem. The biomedical technology advanced to much in these last two decades, in the good one and bad one way. Is is thanks to this new technology that many sick people have been safe of its disease. However, in the another way, this same technology has been slaving thousand of lives, to live without any cure’s perspective or health’s improves, only prolonging those lifes and those suffering. In this context, it tries to bring to the scientific community and for all students, the Law’s Theories of Ronald Dworkin, a very famous author, to make possible to show how he sees and undestands Law. And then, presents his vision concerning the euthanasia institute. After that, it displays the Dworkin’s proposal in face of euthanasia order, as wel as brings his proposal for the brazilian reality, verifying the possibility of it is implementation face the current Law. It is expects with this work to provide plus a new source of knowledge to instigate the reflection concerning the euthanasia in our society. The reflection is very important because deaths is part of ours lifes.

Dentre as diversas questões éticas vivenciadas por pacientes terminais destacam-se a eutanásia e a distanásia, ambas consideradas imorais pelo personalismo ontológico proposto por Elio Sgreccia. O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar se o pensamento de Sgreccia pode ser justificado racionalmente de forma objetiva e se possui critérios de necessidade e universalidade. O método utilizado foi a análise dos próprios textos do autor e de suas fontes, tendo como técnica de abordagem a revisão histórica da ética médica desde o tempo de Hipócrates e a comparação do personalismo ontológico com as principais éticas dando ênfase aos conceitos de vida, pessoa, saúde, doença e corpo humano. Apresenta-se o personalismo ontologicamente fundamentado, com os princípios de defesa da vida, liberdade-responsabilidade, totalidade e subsidiariedade, comparando-o ao principialismo, com seus princípios de autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça. Descreve-se a proposta de Sgreccia para a solução de dilemas com o uso dos princípios secundários do mal menor e do duplo efeito, bem como a necessidade de hierarquização dos princípios primários. Destaca-se a hierarquia do benefício sobre a autonomia, demonstrando o valor intrínseco e inalienável da vida, bem como a subordinação da liberdade a esse valor. Conclui-se que, segundo o autor, os principais dilemas éticos do fim da vida em pacientes terminais são decorrentes de uma não uniformidade de termos, sendo a confusão entre eutanásia passiva e distanásia a principal. O esclarecimento ocorre com a aplicação dos conceitos iniciais que o autor busca na fonte aristotélico-tomista, bem como uma compreensão de autonomia semelhante à proposta por Kant e da morte não mais como um evento, mas como um processo que se inicia com a doença terminal. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-06-27T16:38:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Franco Scariot.pdf: 1853889 bytes, checksum: a7f6e9903b14737aeb71a0224798ea1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T16:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Franco Scariot.pdf: 1853889 bytes, checksum: a7f6e9903b14737aeb71a0224798ea1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Among the many ethical issues experienced by terminal patients, both euthanasia and dysthanasia stand out as being considered immoral by the ontological personalism proposed by Elio Sgreccia. The aim of this paper is to verify if Sgreccia’s theory can be rationally justified in an objective way and if it has necessity and universality criteria. The method used was the analysis of the author's own texts and sources, taking the historical review of medical ethics since Hippocrates as an approach technique, as well as comparing the ontological personalism with the main ethical theories, emphasizing the concepts of life, person, health, disease and the human body. The study presents the ontologically based personalism with the principles of protection of life, freedom-responsibility, totality and subsidiarity, in a comparison with the principlism and its principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice. Sgreccia’s theory is reported as a solution to dilemmas when using its secondary principles of less harm and double effect, and also presents the need to create a hierarchy system for its primary principles. The hierarchy of benefit stands out from autonomy, thus demonstrating the intrinsic and inalienable value of life, as well as the subordination of freedom to that value. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that, according to the author, the main ethical dilemmas concerning the end of life in terminal patients are due to the lack of standard expressions, especially between passive euthanasia and dysthanasia. The elucidation is given when applying the initial concepts which the author collects in the Aristotelian-Thomistic source, as well as in an understanding of autonomy similar to that proposed by Kant, and of death not as an event but as a process which starts with terminal illness.

This thesis works at the discussion on euthanasia in Czech daily press since 1996. The goal of this thesis is summarizing the discussion on euthanasia in selected Czech daily newspapers, classification and sorting out the opinions in the daily press, comparison of opinions in comparison with professional literature. Apart from that, the other goal is to find out the social context in which way the discussion on euthanasia is presented in daily newspapers.

Human rights and human dignity as assumption of euthanasiaThis article has a philosophical approach to provide us interesting thoughts in order to understand the euthanasia. To that end, initially it analyzes death connotations in the society in which we live followed by a broad reflection around death’s problem and human dignity in the capitalist society. Next, a rigorous analysis on human’s dignity idea in order to link its content with euthanasia reflection as well as with the end of life care is presented; reaching to critical conclusions of existing medical and legal regulations. Finally, some allegations and suggestions of analyzed issues are submitted. / El artículo parte de un enfoque filosófico para brindarnos interesantes reflexiones para la compresión de la eutanasia. Para ello, inicialmente analiza las connotaciones que tiene la muerte dentro de la sociedad en la que vivimos para luego presentar una reflexión amplia alrededor del problema de la muerte y la dignidad humana en la sociedad capitalista. Seguidamente, se analiza rigurosamente el concepto de dignidad humana con la finalidad de relacionar su contenido con la reflexión sobre la eutanasia y con el cuidado de la muerte, arribando a conclusiones críticas de las regulaciones médicas y legales existentes. Finalmente, se presentan algunas reflexiones y sugerencias sobre los temas analizados