The United States education system has experienced an evolution of school accountability systems that has led to changes and variation in state school grading systems. This study shows that the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015, a recent reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965, provides greater autonomy to individual states in evaluating and reporting school accountability than in preceding years and provides opportunities for states to implement a more holistic or well-rounded approach to school grading. ESSA policy and this study encourages states to choose to evaluate schools more holistically by implementing a wider and more balanced range of indicators that are used to formulate publicly reported school grades. Many issues and historical events, both in the nation and in Utah, are shared to show their influence on the evolution of school accountability. The relevant components of ESSA are explored. An historical overview of school accountability, standardized testing, school grading, and public educational reporting in the state of Utah is included. Scholarly perspectives about school accountability and reporting systems are also presented. This descriptive study incorporates archival research through a review of grades K-8 school grading systems. The school report card systems and indicators are collected and compared from two sequential time periods: first, the time period after NCLB and before ESSA plans were approved is referred, and second, the current time period, based off of data from currently implemented state ESSA plans. Data from all 50 states and Washington D.C. are analyzed and contrasted with Utah's data. Special focus is placed on the indicators that are not dictated by the federal government but those which are chosen by the state that promote a more holistic measure of accountability. The results from this study show that while a more holistic approach to school grading across the states has resulted from ESSA implementation, Utah's ESSA plan and school grading system, along with the other 49 states and Washington D.C., do not currently reflect an adequate holistic measure of school accountability. State Legislators and State School Board Members will find this study to be enlightening as they create more holistic school grading systems.

Traditional weight loss interventions based on the principle “eat less, move more” often lead to weight regain in the long-term. The Health-At-Every-Size® (HAES®) is an alternative intervention that focuses on self-acceptance, intuitive eating, and physical activity for overall well-being. However, evidence on the effectiveness of HAES® in terms of weight loss remains sparse and the existing systematic reviews did not compare the short-term versus long-term effects. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of HAES® on short- and long-term weight loss in people with obesity and overweight. Five scientific databases were searched and 11 papers met the inclusion criteria. These studies were conducted in Canada, United States, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, only with female participants, and in a group-setting. Six out of ten studies with short-term follow-ups (<1y) and four out of seven studies with long-term follow-ups (>1y) reported significant weight reductions in the HAES®-group compared to the pre-intervention baseline. There were no consistent weight reduction effects when HAES® was compared to control groups (waiting list, social support, or traditional dieting). Interestingly, some studies found significant benefits of HAES® on health-outcomes, eating behaviors, or psychological functioning. In conclusion, there is only modest evidence that HAES® facilitates weight loss short-term or long-term. However, there are behavioral and psychological benefits of HAES®, which suggests that combining this method with traditional weight loss interventions could result in optimal outcomes.

This project focuses on persistent gaps in philosophies of the body: the enduring mindbody divide in accounts of phenomenology, the unfulfilled promises of representing and inhabiting the body in online and virtual spaces, and the difference between health as quantified in medical discourse versus health as lived experience. These tensions are brought to light through the electronic food journal genre where the difficulty in capturing pre-noetic, outsideconsciousness aspects of experience and embodied health are thrown into relief against circulating cultural discourses surrounding health, body size, self-surveillance, and self-care. The electronic food journal genre serves as a space for users to situate themselves and their daily practices in relation to medicalization, public policy, and the conflation of health and body size. These journals form artifacts reflecting life writing practices in digital spaces that model compliant self-surveillance as well as transgressive self-care. The journals instantiate the mind-body-technology interactivity of extended cognition, but also point toward a rupture in the feedback loops that promise to integrate pre-noetic aspects of being and experience. By exploring the tensions inherent in these online food journaling spaces, this project concludes by offering a PEERS heuristic/heuretic for assessing theories and technologies of embodiment and health for their ability to access what resides in the "remainder" of current embodiment philosophy and to identify the aspects of lived experience left unattended in USDA health policy, food journaling interfaces, and embodiment philosophy. The PEERS model can be used to evaluate existing technologies for their capacity to map true mind-body-technology interactivity and to build new theory that accounts for a fuller, more nuanced approach to understanding embodied reality and embodied health.

This study conducted a cross-sectional study amongst students at the University of Central Florida (UCF) that assessed degree of belief in Health at Every Size (HAES) and an accompanying Trust in Doctors to see if there was a significant relationship between the two variables. The HAES survey was constructed specifically for the use in this research and was constructed in a 0-10-point Likert scale in order to establish a gradient of belief in HAES. To identify degree of trust in doctors, a pre-established item-bank was drawn from and coupled with the piloted survey. The sample size included 400 UCF students which was gathered using digital surveys, which allowed for swift gathering of data. The data collected indicated a significant association between the varying levels of trust in doctors and the performance on the HAES spectrum. We found that while trust increased, scores on the HAES spectrum decreased. Thus, we were able to reject the null hypothesis and assume the relationship to be significant. Further testing heralded there to be no significant difference between STEM majors and non-STEM majors when assessing for both trust in doctors and belief in HAES. This study serves as groundwork for future assessment of belief in HAES as the movement evolves or devolves. Further, this survey fills a gap in the literature that assesses perception of HAES and trust in doctors as it pertains to young adults (18-24-years old).

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Public libraries are a free community resource available to families in communities across the United States. The Every Child Ready to Read Program (ECRR) is currently the only known research-based early literacy parent initiative available for public libraries to use. This current study presents the findings of a case study that included both librarian and parent interviews to explore how one suburban library utilized the ECRR program. Building upon current ECRR research, the study explores how librarians and parents utilized library storytimes. The key findings of the study include the discovery that the two librarians differed substantially in their implementation of the ECRR program, with one librarian being more willing to offer instruction to parents while the other librarian not directly wanting this as her role. One possible reason for this difference involves the different educational background and specific job duties of each librarian. In regards to parents, the study found that parents utilized library storytimes largely for social reasons for both themselves and their child. Furthermore, new mothers and Spanish-speaking mothers showed a special appreciation for storytimes, in that both attended storytimes for personal guidance. In light of parent-school trust literature, the library in the current study appeared as a place to establish and maintain trusting partnerships with parents. Implications of ECRR are discussed, as well as recommendations for further research / Literacy & Learners

Övervikt och obesitet ökar världen över vilket leder till att sjuksköterskan regelbundet kommer möta dem som patienter i sitt omvårdnadsarbete. Personer med övervikt och obesitet upplever ofta fördomar från både samhället och sjukvården vilket kan leda till stigmatisering och skuldkänslor. Forskning visar på att den viktnedgångmetod som används av sjukvården inte fungerar för alla och att metabolism påverkades av att öka och minska mycket i vikt. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om Health At Every Size kunde användas som ett alternativt förhållningssätt vid omvårdnad av personer med övervikt och obesitet för att fokusera på vilka små och hållbara livsstilsförändringar patienten är kapabel att utföra istället för att sätta mål som patienten inte kan uppnå. Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie som genomfördes med en induktiv ansats. Resultatet identifierade fyra teman, effekter på ätande, effekter på måendet, effekter på kroppen och mötet med vården. HAES-metoden ledde till att personer med övervikt och obesitet fick förbättrad kroppsbild och ökade deras upplevelse av hälsa och gjorde mer hälsosamma val i sin kost och motion. Deltagare gick inte ner i vikt men de gick inte heller upp i vikt. Mer kvalitativ forskning krävdes inom området för att kunna göra en bättre bedömning om personernas uppfattning av HAES-metoden och forskning under längre tid krävdes för att kunna se långsiktiga slutresultat. / Overweight and obesity are on the rise worldwide which means that nurses will regularly encounter larger patients in their caring work. People with overweight or obesity often experience prejudice from both society and medical staff, which can lead to stigmatisation and feelings of guilt. Research shows that the weight loss methods endorsed by medical professionals does not work for everyone and that metabolism rates were effected by radical changes in weight. The aim of the review was to illustrate Health At Every Size (HAES) as an alternative approach when caring for patients with overweight or obesity in order bring focus to all the gradual lifestyle changes that the patient can do rather than setting unrealistic goals.  The method uses was a general literature study with an inductive approach. The result identified four themes, effects on eating, effects on general wellbeing, effects on the body and meeting healthcare. Use of the HAES-model led to that people with overweight and obesity generally had a positive effect on body image, felt a greater sense of wellbeing, developed better eating habits and felt less threatened by physical exercise. The method did not lead to any weight loss but neither did participants gain weight. The majority of articles found used a quantitative approach and more qualitative research is needed on the subject in order to gain a better understanding of patients’ experiences of the approach and the field in all requires more longitudal research in order to better see the long term effects.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was first passed in 1965 and has since been reauthorized several times, including as No Child Left Behind in 2001 and the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015. The ESEA seeks to address the needs of low-income students; however, decades of reform efforts and government reports documenting inequality have done little to close gaps in educational resources or outcomes for marginalized groups. Accountability systems based on standardized testing are seen by policymakers on the Left and Right as the best way to improve education for marginalized groups, improve students’ economic preparedness, hold schools accountable for the funds they spend, and maintain an objective meritocracy. This paper argues that testing is a flawed tool to achieve the goal of education equality as accountability systems rely on flawed assumptions influenced by conservative and neoliberal economic ideologies.

O presente trabalho se dedica ao estudo do mobiliário presente nas casas dos povoados de Minas Gerais no século XVIII e início do XIX, entendendo-o como um dos principais elementos para a compreensão da dinâmica dos interiores residenciais e também tomando-o como parte integrante de uma complexa rede de relações, dadas as suas implicações na história social e da \"cultura material\". Deste modo, busca-se analisar os móveis, para além das classificações e descrições estilísticas, com o intuito de aprofundar o entendimento de seus usos e funções e em relação aos ambientes nos quais estes se inseriam, procurando-se também abordar questões relativas às características recorrentes ou particularidades tidas como de produção mineira. Para se cumprir tal objetivo, recorreu-se não apenas à bibliografia de referência mas também a textos coevos e fontes primárias disponíveis em diversos acervos e museus. Do cruzamento de tais informações se buscou estabelecer um diálogo vivo que permite lançar luz sobre importantes mudanças concernentes à vida privada no contexto da América portuguesa no decorrer dos Setecentos e princípio dos Oitocentos, assim como sobre a importância do reconhecimento das especificidades desenvolvidas no ambiente de produção artística e moveleira mineira e de seus condicionantes, questões que apontam ainda outras possibilidades de estudos acerca do móvel em uso na região mineira no século XVIII e início do XIX. / The current work is dedicated to the study of the furniture in the houses of Minas Gerais\' Villages in the 18th and early 19th centuries; understanding it as one of the main elements in the comprehension of the residential interior\'s dynamic. It has also been taken as a part of a complex net of relations, given its implications in the social and \"material culture\" history. Therefore, this study\'s aim is to analyze the furniture beyond the classifications and stylistic descriptions, with the intention of deepening the understanding of its uses and functions in relation to the environment in which the pieces were inserted; as well as approaching matters related to the recurrent characteristics or peculiarities seen as a Minas Gerais\' production. To fulfill such goal, in addition to reference bibliography, coeval texts and primary sources, which are available in several collections and museums, were consulted. By interweaving such information, it was sought to establish a living dialogue which allows light to be shed on important changes regarding the private life in the Portuguese-America\'s context throughout the 700\'s and early 800\'s, as well as on the importance of recognizing the specificities developed in the artistic and furniture production environment in Minas Gerais; issues that point out even more possibilities of study concerning the furniture used in the Eighteenth and early Nineteenth century in the studied region.

O presente trabalho se dedica ao estudo do mobiliário presente nas casas dos povoados de Minas Gerais no século XVIII e início do XIX, entendendo-o como um dos principais elementos para a compreensão da dinâmica dos interiores residenciais e também tomando-o como parte integrante de uma complexa rede de relações, dadas as suas implicações na história social e da \"cultura material\". Deste modo, busca-se analisar os móveis, para além das classificações e descrições estilísticas, com o intuito de aprofundar o entendimento de seus usos e funções e em relação aos ambientes nos quais estes se inseriam, procurando-se também abordar questões relativas às características recorrentes ou particularidades tidas como de produção mineira. Para se cumprir tal objetivo, recorreu-se não apenas à bibliografia de referência mas também a textos coevos e fontes primárias disponíveis em diversos acervos e museus. Do cruzamento de tais informações se buscou estabelecer um diálogo vivo que permite lançar luz sobre importantes mudanças concernentes à vida privada no contexto da América portuguesa no decorrer dos Setecentos e princípio dos Oitocentos, assim como sobre a importância do reconhecimento das especificidades desenvolvidas no ambiente de produção artística e moveleira mineira e de seus condicionantes, questões que apontam ainda outras possibilidades de estudos acerca do móvel em uso na região mineira no século XVIII e início do XIX. / The current work is dedicated to the study of the furniture in the houses of Minas Gerais\' Villages in the 18th and early 19th centuries; understanding it as one of the main elements in the comprehension of the residential interior\'s dynamic. It has also been taken as a part of a complex net of relations, given its implications in the social and \"material culture\" history. Therefore, this study\'s aim is to analyze the furniture beyond the classifications and stylistic descriptions, with the intention of deepening the understanding of its uses and functions in relation to the environment in which the pieces were inserted; as well as approaching matters related to the recurrent characteristics or peculiarities seen as a Minas Gerais\' production. To fulfill such goal, in addition to reference bibliography, coeval texts and primary sources, which are available in several collections and museums, were consulted. By interweaving such information, it was sought to establish a living dialogue which allows light to be shed on important changes regarding the private life in the Portuguese-America\'s context throughout the 700\'s and early 800\'s, as well as on the importance of recognizing the specificities developed in the artistic and furniture production environment in Minas Gerais; issues that point out even more possibilities of study concerning the furniture used in the Eighteenth and early Nineteenth century in the studied region.