O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o cotidiano dos agregados sociais da Praça da Alfândega localizada no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande Sul. Foram investigados a partir deste espaço os aspectos relacionais, identitários, as expressões subjetivas e estéticas, as fronteiras de convivências assim como as territorializações empreendidas pelos indivíduos que compõem estes agregados sociais no espaço da Praça da Alfândega. Além disso, esta dissertação tem como intuito discutir as questões pertinentes sobre a função do espaço público, cidadania e dos aspectos sobre as formas de sociabilidade e de insociabilidade nas metrópoles contemporâneas. Pode se dizer que a Praça da Alfândega, nesse mosaico de representações sociais, territórios justapostos e signos compreendem um importante lócus de análise do espaço urbano, motivo pelo fato que ela se apresenta para as formas sociais, denominado de agregados sociais um espaço dicotômico da sobrevivência material e da convivência social. Por esse motivo, o estudo do cotidiano dos agregados sociais presentes no espaço da Praça da Alfândega constituem também uma investigação sobre os fenômenos urbanos contemporâneos e suas múltiplas e emergentes práticas sociais se apresentam nos estilos de vida, das formas simbólicas e nos usos dos espaços nas grandes metrópoles. / This paper aims to study the social aggregations’ every day life from Praça da Alfândega, located in the center of Porto Alegre city in Rio Grande Sul. The aspects of relationship and identity, the subjective and esthetic expressions, the borders of acquaintance as well as the territories settled by people who compounded these social groups in the space of Praça da Alfândega were investigated. Besides, this paper also aims to discuss relevant questions about the function of public space, citizenship and aspects about the forms of sociability and unsociability in modern metropolis. It is possible to affirm that Praça da Alfândega, on this mosaic of social representation adjacent territories and symbols form an important locus of analysis about urban space. For this reason, it becomes a dichotomic space both of material survival and of social acquaintance for the social forms, called social aggregations. Because of this reason, the study of the social aggregations’ every day life settled in Praça da Alfândega constitutes also an investigation about recent urban phenomena and their several and emergent social practices according to ways of life, symbolical forms, and settlement in big cities.

Esta dissertação contempla uma proposta de metodologia para implantação de Plano Para Cada Peça e introdução do sistema de abastecimento por kits. Contemplados em dois artigos, onde respectivamente no primeiro foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta para captura de dados, um método de como estruturá-los, como organizá-los em um banco de dados e interpretá-los de acordo com as características do produto e produtivas para definição do método de abastecimento. No segundo artigo, foi proposta uma metodologia de introdução do processo de abastecimento por kits, onde de acordo com as características do produto e do processo produtivo, foram definidos: os layouts das áreas de separação e sequenciamento de peças, a quantidade de entradas de abastecimento, a quantidade de peças necessárias em cada kit, a disposição das peças e layout dos kits, o processo de separação de peças e montagem dos kits, assim como os carros de movimentação e abastecimento na linha. / This dissertation includes a methodology proposal for deploying Plan For Every Part and implement the kit line feeding. Conceived respectively in two articles, on the first one was developed a tool for data capture, a method of how to structure, arrange in a database and interpret it according to product and production characteristics for setting the supply method. The second article presents a method to introduce the process by kits supply, which according to the product characteristics and the production process were defined: the parts picking and sequencing area layouts, the amount of supply inputs, the required quantity of parts in each kit, the layout and parts arrangement of kits, the picking process and kits assembly, as well as the handling and supply cars to the assembly line.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o cotidiano dos agregados sociais da Praça da Alfândega localizada no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande Sul. Foram investigados a partir deste espaço os aspectos relacionais, identitários, as expressões subjetivas e estéticas, as fronteiras de convivências assim como as territorializações empreendidas pelos indivíduos que compõem estes agregados sociais no espaço da Praça da Alfândega. Além disso, esta dissertação tem como intuito discutir as questões pertinentes sobre a função do espaço público, cidadania e dos aspectos sobre as formas de sociabilidade e de insociabilidade nas metrópoles contemporâneas. Pode se dizer que a Praça da Alfândega, nesse mosaico de representações sociais, territórios justapostos e signos compreendem um importante lócus de análise do espaço urbano, motivo pelo fato que ela se apresenta para as formas sociais, denominado de agregados sociais um espaço dicotômico da sobrevivência material e da convivência social. Por esse motivo, o estudo do cotidiano dos agregados sociais presentes no espaço da Praça da Alfândega constituem também uma investigação sobre os fenômenos urbanos contemporâneos e suas múltiplas e emergentes práticas sociais se apresentam nos estilos de vida, das formas simbólicas e nos usos dos espaços nas grandes metrópoles. / This paper aims to study the social aggregations’ every day life from Praça da Alfândega, located in the center of Porto Alegre city in Rio Grande Sul. The aspects of relationship and identity, the subjective and esthetic expressions, the borders of acquaintance as well as the territories settled by people who compounded these social groups in the space of Praça da Alfândega were investigated. Besides, this paper also aims to discuss relevant questions about the function of public space, citizenship and aspects about the forms of sociability and unsociability in modern metropolis. It is possible to affirm that Praça da Alfândega, on this mosaic of social representation adjacent territories and symbols form an important locus of analysis about urban space. For this reason, it becomes a dichotomic space both of material survival and of social acquaintance for the social forms, called social aggregations. Because of this reason, the study of the social aggregations’ every day life settled in Praça da Alfândega constitutes also an investigation about recent urban phenomena and their several and emergent social practices according to ways of life, symbolical forms, and settlement in big cities.

Esta dissertação contempla uma proposta de metodologia para implantação de Plano Para Cada Peça e introdução do sistema de abastecimento por kits. Contemplados em dois artigos, onde respectivamente no primeiro foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta para captura de dados, um método de como estruturá-los, como organizá-los em um banco de dados e interpretá-los de acordo com as características do produto e produtivas para definição do método de abastecimento. No segundo artigo, foi proposta uma metodologia de introdução do processo de abastecimento por kits, onde de acordo com as características do produto e do processo produtivo, foram definidos: os layouts das áreas de separação e sequenciamento de peças, a quantidade de entradas de abastecimento, a quantidade de peças necessárias em cada kit, a disposição das peças e layout dos kits, o processo de separação de peças e montagem dos kits, assim como os carros de movimentação e abastecimento na linha. / This dissertation includes a methodology proposal for deploying Plan For Every Part and implement the kit line feeding. Conceived respectively in two articles, on the first one was developed a tool for data capture, a method of how to structure, arrange in a database and interpret it according to product and production characteristics for setting the supply method. The second article presents a method to introduce the process by kits supply, which according to the product characteristics and the production process were defined: the parts picking and sequencing area layouts, the amount of supply inputs, the required quantity of parts in each kit, the layout and parts arrangement of kits, the picking process and kits assembly, as well as the handling and supply cars to the assembly line.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o cotidiano dos agregados sociais da Praça da Alfândega localizada no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande Sul. Foram investigados a partir deste espaço os aspectos relacionais, identitários, as expressões subjetivas e estéticas, as fronteiras de convivências assim como as territorializações empreendidas pelos indivíduos que compõem estes agregados sociais no espaço da Praça da Alfândega. Além disso, esta dissertação tem como intuito discutir as questões pertinentes sobre a função do espaço público, cidadania e dos aspectos sobre as formas de sociabilidade e de insociabilidade nas metrópoles contemporâneas. Pode se dizer que a Praça da Alfândega, nesse mosaico de representações sociais, territórios justapostos e signos compreendem um importante lócus de análise do espaço urbano, motivo pelo fato que ela se apresenta para as formas sociais, denominado de agregados sociais um espaço dicotômico da sobrevivência material e da convivência social. Por esse motivo, o estudo do cotidiano dos agregados sociais presentes no espaço da Praça da Alfândega constituem também uma investigação sobre os fenômenos urbanos contemporâneos e suas múltiplas e emergentes práticas sociais se apresentam nos estilos de vida, das formas simbólicas e nos usos dos espaços nas grandes metrópoles. / This paper aims to study the social aggregations’ every day life from Praça da Alfândega, located in the center of Porto Alegre city in Rio Grande Sul. The aspects of relationship and identity, the subjective and esthetic expressions, the borders of acquaintance as well as the territories settled by people who compounded these social groups in the space of Praça da Alfândega were investigated. Besides, this paper also aims to discuss relevant questions about the function of public space, citizenship and aspects about the forms of sociability and unsociability in modern metropolis. It is possible to affirm that Praça da Alfândega, on this mosaic of social representation adjacent territories and symbols form an important locus of analysis about urban space. For this reason, it becomes a dichotomic space both of material survival and of social acquaintance for the social forms, called social aggregations. Because of this reason, the study of the social aggregations’ every day life settled in Praça da Alfândega constitutes also an investigation about recent urban phenomena and their several and emergent social practices according to ways of life, symbolical forms, and settlement in big cities.

Esta dissertação contempla uma proposta de metodologia para implantação de Plano Para Cada Peça e introdução do sistema de abastecimento por kits. Contemplados em dois artigos, onde respectivamente no primeiro foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta para captura de dados, um método de como estruturá-los, como organizá-los em um banco de dados e interpretá-los de acordo com as características do produto e produtivas para definição do método de abastecimento. No segundo artigo, foi proposta uma metodologia de introdução do processo de abastecimento por kits, onde de acordo com as características do produto e do processo produtivo, foram definidos: os layouts das áreas de separação e sequenciamento de peças, a quantidade de entradas de abastecimento, a quantidade de peças necessárias em cada kit, a disposição das peças e layout dos kits, o processo de separação de peças e montagem dos kits, assim como os carros de movimentação e abastecimento na linha. / This dissertation includes a methodology proposal for deploying Plan For Every Part and implement the kit line feeding. Conceived respectively in two articles, on the first one was developed a tool for data capture, a method of how to structure, arrange in a database and interpret it according to product and production characteristics for setting the supply method. The second article presents a method to introduce the process by kits supply, which according to the product characteristics and the production process were defined: the parts picking and sequencing area layouts, the amount of supply inputs, the required quantity of parts in each kit, the layout and parts arrangement of kits, the picking process and kits assembly, as well as the handling and supply cars to the assembly line.

The purpose of this study was to determine if teachers and administrators hold differing beliefs about grade retention. School districts in Northeast Tennessee participated in this study. Participants in eight school districts took an online survey designed to collect data on beliefs about grade retention. The survey consisted of two sections. Section A inquired about beliefs about grade retention. Section B collected demographic information and also included an openended response question. Respondents were also asked to choose a factor that has the strongest influence on their belief. Responses from 205 surveys were analyzed and informed the results of this study. A quantitative study was conducted to determine if significant differences about grade retention existed between teachers and principals. Overall belief scores were measured to determine if teachers and administrators favor grade retention as an effective intervention strategy. Independent variables in this study included: type of system, grade level, years of experience, and type of degree. Factors that had the strongest influence on beliefs about grade retention included: other people’s opinions, principal’s opinion, research, experience with a retained student, or other. Respondents choosing other were asked to explain their answer. 3 Findings from the study indicated that there is not a significant difference in beliefs about grade retention between teachers and administrators in a city school system versus a county school system. Additional analysis did not show significant differences in beliefs about grade retention between teachers in grades kindergarten through fourth grade (K-4) versus teachers in grades fifth through eighth (5-8). A teacher’s or administrator’s number of years of experience did not indicate significant differences in beliefs about grade retention. The type of degree held by teachers and administrators did reveal a significant difference in beliefs about grade retention between the two degree types (graduate or bachelor’s). Results from this test indicated that teachers with a graduate degree significantly favor retention over teachers who hold a bachelor’s degree. Additionally, an overall belief score for all respondents was calculated for significance. Overall belief scores showed that, in spite of the research showing retention as a negative practice, both teachers and principals are significantly in favor of grade retention as an effective intervention strategy.

Sammanfattning Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra hur elever formulerar geometriska resonemang med utgångspunkt i vardagliga och vetenskapliga begrepp. Studiens syfte motiveras genom de svårigheter eleverna upplever på grund av detta fenomen. Utifrån studiens syfte har forskningsfrågan formulerats på följande vis: Hur formulerar elever geometriska resonemang med utgångspunkt i vardagliga och vetenskapliga begrepp? 15 elever från två årskurs femmor deltog i studien. Metoden som vi har valt i denna kvalitativa studie är tematisk analys. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av Duvals (1995) teori om visualisering och kognitiva modell. I resultatet framgår det att elever som formulerar geometriska resonemang med enbart vardagliga begrepp och inte vetenskapliga begrepp begränsar sina möjligheter till att utveckla sina geometriska resonemang. Dessa elever tenderar även att ha större svårigheter att använda vetenskapliga begrepp för att beskriva deras geometriska konstruktioner. / Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore how do students formulate geometric reasoning based on every day and scientific concepts. The purpose of the study is motivated by the difficulties students experience due to this phenomenon. Based on the purpose of the study, the research question has been formulated as follows: How do students formulate geometric reasoning based on every day and scientific concepts? 15 students from two fifth graders participated in the study. The method we have chosen in this qualitative study is thematic analysis. The results were analyzed using Duval's (1995) theory of visualization and cognitive model. The results show that students who formulate geometric reasoning using only every day concepts and not scientific concepts limit their opportunities to develop their geometric reasoning. These students also tend to have greater difficulty using scientific concepts to describe their geometric constructions.

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Tiered intervention models have evolved in the last two decades as growing research emphasizes shifting from single-focused tiered systems such as Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support (PBIS) and Response to Intervention (RtI) to the integrated Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) framework. In 2015, federal leaders included the general term multi-tiered systems of support in the reauthorization of the Every Student Succeeds Act. However, little is known about how states interpreted this inclusion into their plans or selected the integrated MTSS framework as a highly effective practice. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive case study was to conduct a comprehensive review of all 52 state departments of education's ESSA Consolidated State Plans to determine the level of inclusion of MTSS in state policy. Specifically, the study identified the inclusion of MTSS as an evidence-based intervention that state educational agencies use to support school divisions in implementing to improve school conditions for learning, improve educators' skills, and provide effective transitions for students. The study examined the degree to which state leaders included technical assistance in implementing MTSS for schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement. Data collection consisted of downloading approved ESSA plans from state departments of education websites and reviewing each plan using an identical process. Data were categorized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The analysis found inconsistency and variability in the tiered systems states selected to include in their state ESSA plan. Most states have not fully shifted from using single-focus tiered systems to the integrated MTSS framework. / Doctor of Education / Tiered intervention models have evolved in the last two decades as growing research emphasizes shifting from tiered systems focused on behavior or academics to an integrated framework called Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS). In 2015, federal leaders included the general term multi-tiered systems of support in the reauthorization of the Every Student Succeeds Act. However, little is known about how states interpreted this inclusion into their plans or included the integrated MTSS framework as an effective practice supported by state leaders. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive case study was to conduct a comprehensive review of all 52 state departments of education's ESSA Consolidated State Plans to determine the level of inclusion of MTSS in state policy. Specifically, the study identified the inclusion of MTSS as an effective practice that state educational agencies use to support divisions in implementing to improve school conditions for learning, improve educators' skills, and provide effective transitions for students. The study examined the degree to which state leaders included targeted support in implementing MTSS for consistently underperforming schools as defined by the state. Data collection consisted of downloading approved ESSA plans from state departments of education websites and reviewing each plan using an identical process. Data were categorized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The analysis found inconsistency and variability in the tiered systems states selected to include in their state ESSA plan. Most states have not fully shifted from using single-focus tiered systems to the integrated MTSS framework.