O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a função que teve a Imprensa Negra como instrumento de reinvindicação de direitos e combate à exclusão sócio-político-econômica do negro em São Paulo, numa época de urbanização e crescimento industrial acelerados.Em decorrência das origens dessa exclusão, pretende-se relembrar o papel das Irmandades, Associações e primeiros jornais como focos iniciais de resistência à mesma. No entanto, o período escolhido para a pesquisa é aquele compreendido entre os anos de 1915 e 1937, quando, a par do interesse de congregar os negros através da educação e de outros meios, a Imprensa começa a reinvindicar os direitos que os mesmos deveriam ter como cidadãos integrantes da sociedade paulista e, por extensão, brasileira. A implantação do Estado Novo em 1937 determina o fechamento dos partidos políticos, associações e jornais a eles ligados, razão pela qual a historiografia considera a data como a de decadência dos jornais negros e, portanto, de suas reinvindicações. Tentaremos mostrar, entretanto, como as disputas ideológicas e por poder entre as lideranças, mudando o perfil de atuação dos periódicos, foram decisivos para a decadência do caráter reinvindicatório dos mesmos, tendo se iniciado bem antes do golpe de Getúlio Vargas. / The aim of this master thesis is to show the role of Black Press as instrument of rights claiming and the struggle against social, political e economical exclusion of Brazilian black people in São Paulo in a time of fast urbanization and industrial growth. Considering the origins of that social exclusion, this paper intends to remember the role of Brotherhoods, Associations and former black journals as the initial process for fighting that exclusion. Nevertheless the chosen period for this research is between 1915 and 1937, when, besides the interest in congregating the blacks through education and other means, the Black Press starts claiming the rights that people should have as integrated citizens in São Paulo society and, as a consequence, in Brazilian society. The implementation of Estado Novo in 1937 determines the political parties shut down as well as the associations and journals associated to them, being this event the main reason the Historiography considers that year as the highlight of black journals decadence, so do their claims. However, we will try to demonstrate how the ideological disputes and struggle for power among the leaders, by the acting profile of journals, were crucial for the decadence of journals claiming approach, getting started quite before the Getúlio Vargas coup.

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels develop from existing vessels. Angiogenesis is important in a number of conditions such as embryogenesis, wound healing and cancer. It has been modelled phenomenologically at the macroscale, using the well-known 'snail-trail' approach in which trailing endothelial cells follow the paths of other, leading endothelial cells. In this thesis, we systematically determine the collective behaviour of endothelial cells from their behaviour at the cell-level during corneal angiogenesis. We formulate an agent-based model, based on the snail-trail process, to describe the behaviour of individual cells. We incorporate cell motility through biased random walks, and include processes which produce (branching) and annihilate (anastomosis) cells to represent sprout and loop formation. We use the transition probabilities associated with the discrete model and a mean-field approximation to systematically derive a system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) of population behaviour that impose physically realistic density restrictions, and are structurally different from existing snail-trail models. We use this framework to evaluate the validity of a classical snail-trail model and elucidate implicit assumptions. We then extend our framework to explicitly account for cell volume. This generates non-linear PDE models which vary in complexity depending on the extent of volume exclusion incorporated on the microscale. By comparing discrete and continuum models, we assess the extent to which continuum models, including the classical snail-trail model, account for single and multi-species exclusion processes. We also distinguish macroscale exclusion effects introduced by each cell species. Finally, we compare the predictive power of different continuum models. In summary, we develop a microscale to macroscale framework for angiogenesis based on the snail-trail process, which provides a systematic way of deriving population behaviour from individual cell behaviour and can be extended to account for more realistic and/or detailed cell interactions.

The informal economy represents a large segment of the economic activities in emerging economies but still remains a puzzling phenomenon. In particular, research emphasising the organising processes of firms within the informal economy is scant. Weak formal institutions, conflicting institutional centres and large levels of economic inequality contribute to the development of informal entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Yet, an understanding of the links between institutional incongruence and economic exclusion as facilitating mechanisms of informal entrepreneurship remains limited. Furthermore, it is unknown how hybrid organisations, combining institutional logics, emerge and function within the informal economy. Despite a large number of empirical and theoretical studies, there is a lack of understanding about the interplay between the institutional dynamics and the creation of informal institutions developed by informal entrepreneurs. To enhance the understanding of informal entrepreneurship, this PhD thesis explores how institutional entrepreneurs embedded in the informal economy respond to economic inequality. This grounded theory study, based on interviews and participant observations conducted at La Salada, South America's largest black market, conceptualises how institutional entrepreneurs exploit the illegitimacy of formal labour institutions to generate institutional change. This qualitative study has followed a constructivist grounded theory design based on simultaneous data collection and analysis and making systematic comparisons throughout inquiry. In line with grounded theory guidelines, the researcher identified emerging first-order categories and looked-for relations between them, in order to move to a higher level of theoretical abstraction with the aim of generating new theory. The researcher conducted 75 in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and made use of archival documents. The thesis is organised as three empirical studies which can be read independently, but together constitute an in-depth study of institutional entrepreneurship in the informal economy. The thesis's theoretical contributions to the field are as follows. The first study reveals the conditions that generated institutional change in the apparel value chain in response to prevailing conditions that were leading to increasing economic inequality. It presents a model that focuses on three social mechanisms which allow institutional entrepreneurs to build new institutions that were inclusive for large segments of society excluded by the formal sector. The second study explores the emergence of new forms of hybrid organisation in the informal economy. Particularly, it focuses on how informal entrepreneurs organisationally respond to institutional complexity by identifying two types of logic - community and market - and a meta-mechanism that facilitates the interaction between the two logics, named normalisation of deviant organisational practices. The study highlights the two key generative mechanisms of the logics at play and suggests that actors embedded in the informal economy are able to dynamically adapt to two types of logic. It also emphasises how informal entrepreneurs exploit institutional arbitrage, which refers to the circumstances where entrepreneurs are provided with opportunities to exploit differences between two dimensions of the institutional environment, formality and informality. The third study explores how various types of actors and organisations such as social movements or hybrid organisations are able to develop alternative institutional arrangements to overcome the liabilities of emerging economies' institutions in an informal context. The study reveals that informal entrepreneurs entering a polycentric system are able to establish norms and rules of interaction, to exploit brokerage opportunities and multivocality between contradictory networks, and through robust action, generate proto-institutional outcomes. Collectively, these three essays reveal novel knowledge about the organisational mechanisms behind informal economic activities, constituting a theoretical bridge between the fields of institutional theory, inequality and governance and providing fundamental insights for the development of new management theories.

This thesis explores intersecting processes of inclusion and exclusion among Palestinians in Tel Aviv, a city considered to be essentially Jewish-Israeli. It looks at Palestinians from diverse backgrounds and statuses who engage with the city in search of employment, higher education, political activism, or an urban lifestyle. Although this self-consciously liberal city creates social and economic openings, unequal power relations and conflict prevail over urban civility and citizenship. The Palestinians face a paradox: the deeper their inclusion into Tel Aviv’s political economy, the stronger their estrangement and the more serious their dilemmas. Because their urban inclusion is limited, mobility and constant adaptation become obligatory and eventually disempowering. As they oscillate between conflicting desires and senses of solidarity or identification, the Palestinians in Tel Aviv struggle with intersecting forms of cultural and political power. They seek individual opportunities within a political system they oppose, demand recognition of their identity and history but also seek urban anonymity as unmarked individuals. Their balancing acts resemble acrobats: they walk a tightrope between contradictory worlds, unable to reconcile both into a stable balance and simultaneously prevented from ever fully arriving at the other end. They live in exile ‘at home’.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A dissertaÃÃo ora apresentada consubstancia um esforÃo de compreensÃo do universo dos habitantes das ruas em Fortaleza, ao longo de dois anos, implicando um processo de redefiniÃÃes do objeto, a partir das interpelaÃÃes do prÃprio campo. O trabalho circunscreve, como eixo investigativo, as trajetÃrias e percursos de pessoas que habitam as ruas, enfocando processos de desfiliaÃÃo e refiliaÃÃo, o habitus do ser âmorador de ruaâ, as exclusÃes e inclusÃes precÃrias, as discriminaÃÃes e preconceitos, as concepÃÃes e valores assumidos por esses personagens, particularmente, as concepÃÃes e atitudes face ao HIV/Aids. O foco de anÃlise terminou por incidir na construÃÃo dos processos identitÃrios em suas trajetÃrias e percursos. O adentrar nesse universo peculiar exigiu a construÃÃo de uma etnografia das ruas, vivenciada na PraÃa da GentilÃndia e quatro casas de acolhida, buscando acompanhar as rotas dos personagens constitutivos do campo investigativo. Este trabalho etnogrÃfico foi vivenciado de um lugar peculiar que possibilitou viver e sentir, na âprÃpria peleâ, a condiÃÃo do âmorador de ruaâ, ao ser confundido, no exercÃcio de pesquisa com os prÃprios sujeitos, cujo universo buscava compreender. O processo investigativo, processualmente construÃdo, exigiu movimentar aportes teÃricos com base em uma permanente pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, possibilitando ampliar e reconfigurar teorizaÃÃes, em coadunÃncia com as prÃprias configuraÃÃes empÃricas. Utilizou-se o conceito de desfiliaÃÃo social de Castel (1997), caracterizando o duplo desligamento do indivÃduo do mercado de trabalho e das relaÃÃes familiares e, a noÃÃo de estigma de Goffman (1988), que aparece como estratÃgia de classificaÃÃo dos indivÃduos nas interaÃÃes cotidianas atravÃs da diferenÃa, em relaÃÃo aos atributos considerados normais. A ideia de refugo humano de Bauman (2005), nomeando os seres excessivos e redundantes da modernidade a vivenciar situaÃÃes-limite e, a perspectiva desconstrutivista de identidades de Hall (2006) sÃo outros aportes teÃricos usados no trabalho. De fato, os habitantes das ruas vivenciam processos de exclusÃo e vulnerabilidade que perpassam a infÃncia, adolescÃncia e idade adulta, suas trajetÃrias revelam situaÃÃes de pobreza, destituiÃÃo de direitos e rupturas familiares. ComeÃam a trabalhar cedo para ajudar no sustento da casa, com experiÃncias no trabalho informal, no comÃrcio de bens ilÃcitos, no trÃfico de drogas, realizaÃÃo de assaltos e outras formas de economia urbana nas periferias da cidade. Em seu nomadismo urbano e experiÃncia de vida, desenvolvem formas e mecanismos de inclusÃo precÃrios, trabalho informal como catadores de resÃduos sÃlidos, flanelinhas, âbicosâ na construÃÃo civil, prÃtica de delitos, adesÃo a abrigos e casas de acolhida. / This dissertation supports an effort for the understanding of the universe populated by street dwellers in Fortaleza by means of a two-year research encompassing a process of redefinitions of the object from interpretations arising from the field. The work includes as its investigative axis the trajectories of people inhabiting the streets of Fortaleza focusing on processes of disaffiliation and new affiliation, the âhabitusâ that imprint the âstreet dwellerâ, precarious exclusions and inclusions, discriminations, prejudices, conceptions and values adopted by these characters inhabiting the streets and, especially, conceptions and attitudes in face of the HIV/AIDS. The main point of the analysis ended up focusing upon the construction of identity-based processes found at the trajectories of the streets dwellers. To enter this universe required the buildup of a âstreet ethnographyâ that was carried up in the Gentilandia Square and four Homes in a period of 18 months trying to follow the routes of constituting characters of the investigation field. The ethnographic work carried out from a special place allowed the researcher to feel the street dwellerâs condition on âhis very skinâ considering that he was in the course of the research confounded with those subjects whom he was trying to understand. The investigative process in the streets, clerically constructed, led the researcher to approach theoretical support based on a permanent biographical search which allowed amplifying and reconfiguring theorizations in accordance with his own empirical ideas. Castelâs (1997) concept of social de-affiliation was used here to characterize the individualâs double alienation from the labor market on the one hand and familyâs ties on the other, and Goffmanâs (1988) concept of stigma which becomes evident as a classification strategy for individuals within daily interactions, emphasizing difference in relation to features that have been considered normal. Baumanâs (2005) idea of human waste that nominates human beings, plagued by excesses and redundancies from the modern age, and who live at the brink of inescapable situations, and Hallâs (2006) deconstructivist perspective of identities are other theoretical approaches used by this work. Indeed, street dwellers, that experience processes of exclusion and are subjected to risks going from infancy up to adolescence and adult age, reveal through their lives poverty-ridden situations, negation of rights and family ruptures. They start working very early in life in order to help feed the family by doing odd jobs, trading illicit merchandise, trafficking drugs, perpetrating assaults, besides engaging in other urban economic activities in poor areas of the city. By their urban mobility and experience of life, they develop forms and mechanisms of precarious inclusions such as working as collectors of solid wastes, keeping guard of cars in the streets, taking temporary jobs in the construction of buildings and houses, practicing illicit acts and resorting to shelters and homes.

O efeito de sete tratamentos, contendo β-glucano, um probiótico experimental, e um produto de exclusão competitiva assim como suas associações, foram avaliados frente a um desafio com Salmonella Typhimurium Nalr e na resposta imune, em frangos de corte. Dois experimentos foram realizados; o primeiro experimento apresentou seis tratamentos que consistiram de: a) produto de exclusão competitiva (EC); b) EC + probiótico experimental (LEB); c) EC + betaglucano (G); d) EC+LEB+G; e) controle negativo e f) controle positivo. O segundo experimento, foi delineado com nove tratamentos que consistiram em: a) EC; b) LEB; c) G; d) EC+LEB; e) EC+G; f) EC+LEB+G; g) LEB+G; h) controle negativo e i) controle positivo. Experimento 1: no dia 0 do experimento as aves foram tratadas com 0,1mL de EC por inoculação no inglúvio. No dia 1 do experimento as aves foram desafiadas com 107 CFU/mL de Salmonella Typhimurium (1796NR) Nalr. Durante o período de 1 ao 6 dia, as aves foram tratadas com o tratamento apropriado, e sacrificadas aos 7 dias de idade. Experimento 2: no dia 0 do experimento as aves foram tratadas com 0,1mL de EC por inoculação no inglúvio. Durante 28 dias as aves foram tratadas com o tratamento apropriado. Nos dias 1, 9, 16 e 23 do experimento as aves foram desafiadas com 107 UFC/mL de Salmonella Typhimurium (1796NR) Nalr, e sacrificadas uma semana após cada desafio. Nos dois experimentos, cecos, fígado e baço foram removidos assepticamente e examinados para Salmonellae; e foram colhidas amostras de soro e fluido intestinal, para se avaliar as concentrações de IgG e IgA totais. Os dados foram analisados por análise de variança de uma via, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan. Os tratamentos EC+LEB+G e LEB+G mostraram uma inibição significativa (p<0,05) de invasão dos órgãos por Salmonella Typhimurium (1796NR) Nalr, com altos níveis de proteção. No segundo experimento, a colonização cecal foi reduzida somente após a segunda semana de tratamento. Os níveis de IgG não foram significativos no soro ou fluido intestinal, mas a concentração de IgA foi significativamente (p<0,05) alta no soro e fluido intestinal, quando comparada com a do controle negativo. Estes resultados sugerem que os tratamentos associados usando produto de EC, probióticos e betaglucano são mais eficazes no controle de Salmonella, do que preparações individuais; estimulando a produção de IgA sistêmica e de mucosas. Outros estudos complementares são necessários para se determinar os mecanismos pelos quais as interações destas substâncias poderiam regular a resposta imune inata. / The effects of seven treatments, containing β-glucan, experimental probiotic, competitive exclusion products and their associations were evaluated, on a Salmonella Typhimurium Nalr challenge and assessment of the immune response, in broiler chickens. Two sets of trials were performed; the first trial was arranged with six treatments. Treatments in the first set consisted of a) commercial competitive exclusion (EC), b) EC + experimental probiotic (LEB), c) EC + betaglucan (G), d) EC+LEB+G, e) negative control, and e) positive control. The second one, was designed with nine treatments consisted of a) EC, b) LEB, c) G, d) EC+LEB, e) EC+G, f) EC+LEB+G, g) LEB +G, h) negative control, and i) positive control. Trial 1: on day 0 birds were administered 0,1mL of the EC treatment by oral gavage. On day 1, birds were challenged with 107CFU/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium (1796NR) Nalr. During 1 to 6 days, birds were administered of appropriate treatment, and were sacrificed at 7 days of age. Trial 2: on day 0 birds were administered 0,1mL of the EC treatment by oral gavage. During 28 days, birds were administered of appropriate treatment. On day 1, 9, 16 and 23 birds were challenged with 107CFU/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium (1796NR) Nalr, and were sacrificed one week after challenge. In two sets of trials, ceca, liver and spleen were aseptically removed and examined for salmonellae; and were taken serum and intestinal fluid samples, in order to evaluate total antibody concentrations of IgG and IgA. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, and means compared by Duncan′s test. Treatments EC+LEB+G and LEB+G resulted in a significant inhibition (p<0,05) in Salmonella Typhimurium (1796NR) Nalr organ invasion offering a higher level of protection. In the second set of trial, colonization was reduced after the second week of treatment. IgG was no significantly in serum and intestinal fluid samples, but IgA was found significantly (p<0,05) higher in serum and intestinal fluid samples, when compared to control ones. These results suggest that associated treatment using EC products, probiotics and betaglucans are more effective in Salmonella control, than individual preparations; stimulating the systemic and mucosal immune response mediated by IgA. Further research is necessary to determine the mechanisms by which the interaction of these substances could regulate avian innate immune response.

A discussão sobre “inclusão social” ganha crescente relevância na nossa sociedade. Ela trata do respeito às diferenças, dos direitos e da participação igualitária dos cidadãos. A diversidade de pessoas que evoca essa premissa é imensa, decorrente de aspectos étnicos, sócio-econômicos, sexuais e ligados às necessidades especiais. No caso de crianças com necessidades especiais, particularmente daquelas com deficiências, a inclusão abarca sua participação na sociedade em geral e, especificamente, em instituições de educação regular (“inclusão escolar”). Porém, a despeito da criação de leis e regulamentações, os preconceitos, além da não observância de aspectos como capacitação de educadores e acessibilidade física, dificultam a concretização da inclusão. Considerando a relevância e complexidade do problema e, ainda, que esse processo é freqüentemente mediado por profissionais de saúde, traçou-se como meta estudar a inclusão de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral, com foco nesses profissionais. Indagou-se como eles concebem a e participam da inclusão dessas crianças. Foram investigados os vários profissionais que atendiam duas crianças de três anos, em seguimento em serviços de saúde da região de Ribeirão Preto - SP. O corpus para análise foi obtido por entrevistas semi-estruturadas (neurologista infantil, pediatra, médico de saúde da família, enfermeira, fisioterapeuta, fonoaudióloga, terapeuta ocupacional, psicóloga e assistente social), por visita domiciliar às crianças e famílias e por notas de campo. A coleta e análise foram feitas com base na Rede de Significações. As crianças pivôs - Davi e Letícia - têm comprometimentos decorrentes da Paralisia Cerebral. Porém, cada criança apresenta características distintas. Em Letícia os comprometimentos motores são mais evidentes no lado esquerdo, ela não tem comunicação verbal e usualmente rejeita contato interpessoal. Em Davi a limitação motora é mais evidenciada nos membros inferiores, além disso, ele comunica-se verbalmente e busca o outro. Cada família se organiza e participa no tratamento de maneira bem diversa. A família de Davi é bastante participativa e a de Letícia demonstra-se confusa, quanto ao quadro e tratamento da criança. Os profissionais que atendem às crianças atuam em contextos diversos (serviços públicos primário/secundário/terciário, além de serviços filantrópicos e universitários particulares). Constatou-se que cada contexto proporciona distintas oportunidades aos e práticas discursivas dos profissionais e das pessoas que neles são atendidas, estes aspectos influenciando a forma de atuação com relação à inclusão daquelas crianças. Predominantemente, o olhar destes profissionais é dirigido de maneira descontextualizada à criança individualmente. Porém, tanto as características das crianças, como a organização dos contextos familiares, revelaram-se importantes circunscritores das concepções, expectativas, relações e atuações dos profissionais. A articulação de todos aqueles elementos contribui para circunscrever, para os profissionais, o papel de competente/ impotente frente ao caso, participativo/não-participativo dos processos de inclusão. Ainda, explicita muitas vezes a sobreposição de exclusões, tendo os profissionais dificuldade em lidar com estas situações. Constatamos que o processo de inclusão social e escolar de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral não é algo naturalizado, e sim, a acontecer. E, finalmente, que o processo de inclusão se faz na dialética da inclusão/exclusão das crianças e suas famílias, abarcando situações que nem sempre se dão de maneira digna e decente. / The debate regarding “social inclusion” increasinly acquires relevance in our society. It highlights issues such as respect to differences, common rights and citizens egalitarian social participation. The diversity of groups who evokes the inclusion premise is enormous, mostly related to ethnic, socio-economic, sexual and special needs aspects. In the case of children with special needs, especially those with disabilities, inclusion encompasses their participation in society in general, besides in regular education institutions (“scholar inclusion”). Although there has been the creation of laws and resolutions concerning inclusion, its concretization is being considered as a difficult task, as there are problems such as prejudices, lack of teachers’ training and the presence of architectonic barriers. On account of the relevance and complexity of this issue, besides considering that this processes are usually mediated by health professionals, we set our objective in studying the children with special needs inclusion, focusing on these professionals. The aim is to investigate how health professionals conceive the and participate of the inclusion processes. The various professionals who consult two three-year-old children with Cerebral Palsy were investigated. The emprical data was obtained by semi-structures interviews (child neurologist, pediatrician, family health doctor, nurse, physiotherapist, phonoaudiologist, occupational therapist, psychologist and social assistant), besides domiciliary visit and field notes. Data collection and analysis were made based on the Network of Meanings perspective. The pivot children – Davi and Letícia – have limitations due to the Cerebral Palsy. However, each child presents distinct characteristics. In Letícia, motor limitations are more evident in the child’s left side; besides she does not speak and usually rejects interpersonal contact. In Davi, the motor limitations are highly manifested on the lower limbs; besides, he speaks clearly and he often aims to interact with other people. Regarding the families, both organization and participation in the treatment reveals very diverse characteristics among them. Davi’s family is very much participative, unlikely in Letícia’s family who demonstrates confusion concerning the child’s clinical findings and treatment. The professionals who follow up the children exercise their practices in very diverse contexts (public services - primary, secondary, tertiary -, besides philanthropical and private universitary services). Analysis made evident that, besides the professional graduation, each service context provides distinct opportunities to and discursive practices for the professionals and the families who are attended in that place, constraining diversely the way they conceive and enact regarding those children’s inclusion processes. Predominantly, that professionals act considering the individual child, in a de-contextualized manner. Moreover, the children’s characteristics and the family organization also revealed to be important constraints of the professionals conceptions, expectations, relations and performances. Those elements were undestood to constrain the situation not by themselves, but through their intrinsic articulation, helping to set the professionals on competent/incompetent roles regarding the case; leading them to feel as a participant / not participant in the inclusion processes. Dominantly, it could be identified the superposition of several exclusions, within which the health professionals have difficulties to cope. We have evidenced that the inclusion processes of children with special needs is not a naturalized one, but is continously in development. Finally, it can be said that the children’s and their families’ inclusion processes happen in an inclusion/exclusion dialectics, in which the inclusion situations does not always happen in a decent and respectable manner.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-02-09T11:19:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIANA DE ANDRADE SARMENTO TAVARES.pdf: 28101212 bytes, checksum: 9ab839321145757b18be4a98db70af31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-09T11:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIANA DE ANDRADE SARMENTO TAVARES.pdf: 28101212 bytes, checksum: 9ab839321145757b18be4a98db70af31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-09 / That dissertation aims at to evaluate the powder-occupation of the Residential Habitational Group Itamaracá, Goiânia, Goiás, in relation to the conditions that the built atmosphere offers in goods and social services and the social impact related to the habitat. The residents of the habitational group are families that resided in situation of risk e/ou in areas green, public, among other, of the city. The city hall, in the administrative exercise from 2001 to 2004, created the project Dom Fernando, with the objective of urbanizing subnormal establishments, and to build habitational groups for families of low income that lived in risk situation the life and in poverty conditions it exalts, whose financing was originating from the Program to Inhabit Brazil/BID. THE habitat of the Residential Habitational Group Itamaracá looks for in providing a home space he/she deigns to your residents, with a politics of social inclusion. That research intends to evaluate the powder-occupation with emphasis to look the built atmosphere, in the professional social worker vision, in the social dimension to be observed – infrastructure, transport, education, and other - under the light of a critical theoretical framework considered the treated concepts according to the socialist slope, that comes as a need of critical evaluation of the past and of the present in respect to the social differences, once the effective order of the capitalist system, the real estate capital exposes expressions of the social subject to the urban population of Goiânia and of the Brazilian cities. / Esta dissertação objetiva avaliar o pós-ocupação do Conjunto Habitacional Residencial Itamaracá, Goiânia, Goiás, em relação às condições que o ambiente construído oferece em bens e serviços sociais e o impacto social relacionado ao habitat. Os moradores do conjunto habitacional são famílias que residiam em situação de risco e/ou em áreas verdes, públicas, dentre outras, da cidade. A prefeitura, no exercício administrativo de 2001 a 2004, criou o Projeto Dom Fernando, com o objetivo de urbanizar assentamentos subnormais e construir conjuntos habitacionais para famílias de baixa renda que moravam em situação de risco a vida e em condições de pobreza extrema, cujo financiamento foi proveniente do Programa Habitar Brasil/BID. O habitat do Conjunto Habitacional Residencial Itamaracá busca proporcionar um espaço de moradia digna aos seus moradores, com uma política de inclusão social. Esta pesquisa propõe avaliar a pós-ocupação com ênfase a olhar o ambiente construído, na visão do profissional assistente social, na dimensão social a ser observada – infraestrutura, transporte, educação, e outros – sob a luz de um referencial teórico crítico, considerados os conceitos tratados segundo a vertente socialista, que se apresenta como uma necessidade de avaliação crítica do passado e do presente em respeito às diferenças sociais, uma vez que a ordem vigente do sistema capitalista, o capital imobiliário, expõe expressões da questão social à população urbana de Goiânia e das cidades brasileiras.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-31T18:10:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Suzi Brum de Oliveira.pdf: 855884 bytes, checksum: cab53f58d2b6ed11147f094f6a495055 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T18:10:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Suzi Brum de Oliveira.pdf: 855884 bytes, checksum: cab53f58d2b6ed11147f094f6a495055 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / The aim of this research is to reflect on the mechanisms of social exclusion and its influence on identity construction in postmodernity. The university collaborates in this process with people with special educational needs to infer that social exclusion is linked to the denial of human rights in line with its relational and subjective aspects. We adopt as appointment device, insulation spaces them, as a construction of postmodernity, so that subjects are with their fragile social ties on the difficulty of these spaces be incurred as a place identity, relational and historical tripod that allows us to reflect it does as historical and cultural subject. Done research of cultural studies in the works of Bourdieu and Stuart Hall to cultural psychology referenced in Vygotsky's works, Bruner and Valsiner. We list out to ponder as the process of social exclusion rests on the identity in prominence with postmodernity to analyze the introduction of the non-place in the university; analyze the strategies of isolation spaces in everyday interpersonal relations; analyze the participation in social movements and their influence on the construction of identity. For data collection and analysis, applied to narrative analysis in semi-open interview with a university distance learning, in its role of visual impairment on their perception of school inclusion in higher education. The categories highlighted were: a) spaces of invisibility; b) school daily life of segregation and c) participation in social movements in their influence on identity construction. We point as a result of research that efficient social exclusion strategies are produced in / by the narratives themselves to the interests of the hegemonic power. But if the power constantly seeking the homogenization of identities it follows that also points to break spaces, man as a transformation agent. It is the spaces and hybrid identities, generated in an era devoid of fixed references we found loopholes to the exercise of uniqueness. / A proposta da pesquisa ? refletir sobre os mecanismos de exclus?o social e sua influ?ncia na constru??o identit?ria na p?s-modernidade. A universidade colabora neste processo junto ?s pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais ao inferirmos que a exclus?o social encontra-se associada ? nega??o aos direitos humanos em conson?ncia com seus aspectos relacionais e subjetivos. Adotamos como dispositivo de nomea??o, os espa?os de isolamento, como uma constru??o da p?s-modernidade, de forma que sujeitos encontram-se com seus la?os sociais fragilizados diante a dificuldade destes espa?os se constitu?rem como lugar identit?rio, relacional e hist?rico, trip? que permite pens?-lo como sujeito hist?rico e cultural. Realizamos a pesquisa dos estudos culturais nas obras de Bourdieu e Stuart Hall a psicologia cultural referenciados nas obras de Vygotsky, Bruner e Valsiner. Elencamos como objetivo refletir como o processo de exclus?o social recai sobre a identidade na p?s-modernidade com destaque para analisar a instaura??o do n?o-lugar na universidade; analisar as estrat?gias dos espa?os de isolamento no cotidiano das rela??es interpessoais; analisar a participa??o em movimentos sociais e suas influ?ncias na constru??o da identidade. Para coleta e an?lise de dados, aplicou-se a an?lise narrativa na entrevista semi-aberta com um universit?rio de ensino ? dist?ncia, na sua condi??o de defici?ncia visual, sobre sua percep??o a respeito da inclus?o escolar no ensino superior. As categorias destacadas foram: a) espa?os de invisibilidade; b) viv?ncias cotidianas escolares de segrega??o e c) participa??o nos movimentos sociais em suas influ?ncias na constru??o identit?ria. Apontamos como resultado de pesquisa que eficientes estrat?gias de exclus?o social s?o produzidas na/pelas narrativas pr?prias aos interesses do poder hegem?nico. Mas se o poder busca incessantemente a homogeiniza??o das identidades conclui-se que tamb?m aponta para espa?os de ruptura, o homem como agente de transforma??es. ? dos espa?os e identidades h?bridos, gerados em uma era desprovida de refer?ncias fixas que encontramos brechas para o exerc?cio da singularidade.

This study is an examination of how English courts have approached, or are likely to approach - and therefore, the effectiveness of - attempts by the parties to oil and gas contracts to allocate risks arising from the activities which form the subject matter of their respective contracts inter se. The study utilises petroleum industry standard form offshore drilling contracts in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America as the context for this analysis, and examines the risks associated with drilling and other incidental operations, in the light of catastrophic events such as the Macondo disaster in the Gulf of Mexico and the Montara disaster in the Timor Sea. Drawing from the Economic Theory of Law espoused by Richard Posner, which correlates market behaviour, resource allocation and the legal system, and so conceptualises risk from a cost and utility perspective, the study will show that it is actually the economic consequences of the occurrence of an event that are being allocated, and that the entire notion of risk allocation is a determination of how the economic cost of the occurrence of the particular consequence will be borne by the parties to the contract. The study will conclude with a comparative analysis of risk allocation in the different model contracts, and an opinion on the success/effectiveness of the model contracts, as tools used by parties for risk allocation inter se, in response to the challenges created by legislative and judicial intervention. Justification for this opinion will be given, with reference to relevant case law and statutes in the different jurisdictions. Recommendations will be made on how the risk allocation structure can be improved, either by reference to other approaches the parties could adopt, or by clarifying ambiguities in the current approach (where applicable), and proposing a balance in the instances in which, from the study's perspective, the allocation formula is skewed, either due to the imbalance of power between the parties or by the interference of external forces such as the courts and legislature.