O uso de antibióticos promotores de crescimento de forma indiscriminada vem causando enorme preocupação a cada ano por causa de uma possível resistência cruzada. Essa é uma das razões pela quais pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas para substituição destes agentes por produtos naturais e/ou alternativos. Desde 1973 o Conceito de Exclusão Competitiva (CE) vem sendo estudado e usado na avicultura mundial. Com esse objetivo, inúmeras pesquisas relacionadas com produtos de Exclusão Competitiva vêm demonstrando, ao passar dos anos, não só a eficiência desse método no controle de patógenos indesejáveis como Salmonella ssp, como também sua eficácia em desempenho zootécnico. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um produto de Exclusão Competitiva sobre os índices zootécnicos e parâmetros de imunidade de frangos de corte, tendo um antibiótico e um controle para comparação. A revisão bibliográfica também apresenta pesquisas sobre o controle de Salmonella spp com o uso da CE. Foram utilizados 420 pintos de corte, criados até 42 dias de idade em gaiolas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos: Dieta basal (DB) com Antibiótico; DB com produto de Exclusão Competitiva, e DB sem Antibiótico (controle); sendo 20 repetições/tratamento. Quanto ao desempenho zootécnico e, considerando-se o período total de criação, o produto de Exclusão Competitiva testado demonstrou efeito benéfico para os valores de ganho médio de peso (GMP) e peso final (PF), que foram melhores ou similares comparados ao antibiótico principalmente até a fase final de criação. Já os resultados de conversão alimentar e mortalidade mostraram-se melhores com o uso da CE quando foram comprados com os demais tratamentos. Com relação à imunidade, a Exclusão Competitiva não apresentou efeito sobre o parâmetro avaliado neste trabalho. Diante dos resultados aqui obtidos, conclui-se que os ensaios com aditivos alternativos devem continuar, já que houve evidências de seus possíveis efeitos benéficos na produção animal. / The use of growth-promoting antibiotics inappropriately has been addressing concerns every year for possible cross-resistance. This is one of the reasons why studies have been carried through to replace such agents by natural and/or alternative products. Since 1973, the concept of Competitive Exclusion (CE) has been studied and used in poultry raising worldwide. Aiming at reaching the said objective, several studies on Competitive Exclusion products have been showing, over the years, not only how effective the method is in controlling undesirable pathogens, such as Salmonella ssp, but also its efficacy for animal performance. Thus, the present paper aims at verifying the influence of a Competitive Exclusion product on zoological properties and immunity parameters for broilers, having one antibiotic group and one control group for comparison. In addition, the bibliography includes studies on the control of Salmonella ssp when CE is used. A total of 420 broilers, reared in cages for maximum 42 days of age, have been used. The study design consisted in a randomized study, with three treatment groups: Baseline diet (DB) and antibiotic; DB and Competitive Exclusion, DB without Antibiotic (control); with 20 repetitions/treatment. With regard to animal performance and, considering total breeding period, the investigational Competitive Exclusion product has showed beneficial effect on average weight gain (GMP) and final weight (PF) values, which have been found to be improved or similar to the antibiotic group, specially when used until the final breeding stage. In turn, the results for feed conversion and mortality have showed to be improved when CE was used in comparison to the other two treatments. In relation to immunity, Competitive Exclusion has not affected the immunity parameter assessed in this paper. According to the results found in this study, it can be concluded that the use of alternative additives should be further studied, as evidences of their possible beneficial effects on animal raising have been found.

O estudo refere-se à verificação da admissibilidade e da conveniência da exclusão facultativa de acionista controlador em sociedade anônima. O tema não é propriamente novo no Brasil. Intenciona-se, no entanto, construir a hipótese a partir de fundamento legal diferente. A Lei 6.404/76 (LSA) apenas destina a exclusão para casos de acionista remisso (artigo 107, II), permanecendo silente com relação ao inadimplemento de deveres de colaboração e lealdade (em conjunto, deveres de cooperação). Nesse contexto, a doutrina e a jurisprudência brasileiras tendem a admitir a hipótese de exclusão em tais casos por aplicação do artigo 1.030 do Código Civil, destinado a regular a matéria no âmbito das sociedades simples. Para tanto, aproximam a companhia fechada das sociedades de pessoas a fim de justificar, dada a alegada omissão da lei especial a esse respeito, o tratamento por analogia. A partir do estudo sistemático da LSA, que compreende, entre outros, o entendimento do princípio da circulação de ações e da extensão dos deveres de boa-fé entre os sócios, pretende-se admitir a hipótese com base na própria lógica acionária, em razão da eventual relevância do relacionamento societário para a consecução do fim social. Em tais companhias, o adimplemento dos deveres de cooperação torna-se tão imprescindível quanto o adimplemento do dever de conferimento para o alcance do escopo comum. Em decorrência desse raciocínio, a exclusão torna-se admissível na ocorrência de inadimplemento de qualquer dever social que inviabilize, real ou potencialmente, o preenchimento do fim social. A identificação de eventual affectio societatis entre os acionistas, portanto, passa a ser irrelevante. Admitir a hipótese no que se refere a acionista controlador se revela ainda importante instrumento de limitação do exercício ilegítimo do poder de controle e não se confunde com a sanção de perdas e danos prevista na LSA por abuso de poder de controle. Por fim, será analisada a conveniência da exclusão do controlador, em razão de sua relevância pessoal para a consecução da atividade, a participação societária por ele detida e da possibilidade de dissolver-se parcialmente a sociedade, com a saída do acionista minoritário descontente. / The study refers to the admissibility and convenience of excluding the controlling shareholder in corporations. The theory is not exactly new in Brazil. What we intend to do, however, is to support the hypothesis in different legal grounds. The legal system, of which is set forth in the Brazilian Corporation Law (Law 6.404/76), limits the exclusion of a shareholder in the events of non-performance of the duty to pay-up the share capital (article 107, II). The legal framework remains silent regarding the non-performance of the duties of collaboration and loyalty (together, duties of cooperation). In such context, both the Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence tend to allow the shareholder exclusion under the default of the duties of cooperation on the grounds of the Brazilian Civil Law Code. In order to provide that, it is mandatory to align the closely held corporation to a typical institution of intuitu personae, which requires the evidence of an existent personal relationship among the shareholders (affectio societatis). We defend the application of the hypothesis with grounds on the Brazilian Corporation Law itself. The study proposes a systematic and logical analysis of the legal corporation framework, which comprehends the understanding of its main principles (such as the free circulation of the shares and the relevance of the good faith relationship among shareholders to the company activity). Concerning this analysis, it would be possible to admit the shareholder exclusion even if they hold the controlling position when the maintenance of the corporate structure of how it was first built is of key importance to the joint goal. In such a company, not only the duty to pay-up the share capital appears to be vital, but the duties of cooperation as well. The exclusion may be deemed if, in any case, the shareholder violates any duty in such a manner that is able to jeopardize the corporate activity. Therefore, the subjective investigation of the personal relationship among the shareholders becomes irrelevant. It would be even more important to admit the hypothesis regarding the controlling shareholder, as a mechanism to limit its illegal exercise. This sanction does not integrate the sanction foreseen in the law regarding abuse of power of control. Afterwards, we intend to verify the convenience of excluding the controlling shareholder, due to his personal relevance to the activity, the amount of company shares he holds and the alternative of implement the strictu sensu partial dissolution.

The overall aim of this thesis is to provide an holistic assessment of the financial practices of migrants in advanced Western economies using the analytical lens of risk. More specifically, this research argues that a geographical approach to risk, informed by concerns about time, space and place, is key to understand the full complexities of migrants’ financial decision‐making. In so doing, this research contributes to an emerging body of work that recognises the need for a more nuanced understanding of migrants’ engagement with the formal and informal financial sectors. The study draws on a mixed‐methods research design, which includes 60 in‐depth interviews and 53 structured questionnaire interviews with Congolese and Francophone Cameroonian migrants in London. Empirically, the project explores the formal and informal financial practices of the research participants in relation to banking, savings, credit, debt management, insurance as well as remittance sending. In addition, it reviews the different levels and types of risks encountered by migrants in their everyday lives, and how these shape their financial decision‐making. The thesis develops a framework combining current thinking from risk research with transnational migration and economic geography scholarships in order to uncover the social and geographical embeddedness of migrants’ financial decision‐making. It shows how the risks of financial hardship managed through migration actually evolve across space and time so that some migrants find themselves confronted by the very same risks of economic and social exclusion they sought to avoid by moving. Most noticeably, this research shows how such risks are managed by migrants through ‘mixing and matching’ a range of informal and formal financial practices whereby the costs of being financially excluded are balanced against, and shaped by, migration histories and experiences of living in a highly financialised and increasingly migrant‐averse society.

Using a comparative methodology the thesis analyses the patentability of pharmaceutical and related inventions in the UK and South Africa. The viewpoint adopted is that of the industry actors, who are engaged in the conception through to the commercialisation of inventions, although this perspective is measured against the concerns of wider stakeholders. Drawing, in particular, on the classical justifications of the patent system, the research identifies the attributes of an optimal patentability standard which can be adjusted as technology and the legislative landscape changes. Framing an optimal patentability benchmark as one that both promote and protect the invention, the thesis considers the elements that ground the judicial patentability decision-making process. As pharmaceutical patenting tends to be an emotive and contentious area, the interplay between the international and respective domestic patentability frameworks is also evaluated in its impact on the inventor within the pharmaceutical chain. The research then turns to investigate four individual patentability limbs as applied in the two jurisdictions. The definition of the invention and excluded subject matter is evaluated in mapping out the pharmaceutical activity and the associated research output that falls within patentable subject matter. The novelty, non-obviousness and industrial application limbs to patentability are then examined, giving particular attention to the tests used by the courts in evaluating whether an invention meets the requisite criteria. The argument is made that the courts in interpreting patentability must apply principles advancing the purpose of the patent system in arriving at decisions. A systematic and robust approach is advanced that improves repeatability and precision in arriving at patentability decisions whilst preventing subjective application of the criteria. It is suggested that the application of the tests whilst aligning with the rationale and policy of the patent system, have to make sense to the scientist working in inventive pharmaceutical activities.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge about how children in a preschool class use access strategies and exclusion strategies in the free play. Also why children exclude each other during play. The questions of the study are: What access strategies do children in preschool class use during the free play? What exclusion strategies do children in preschool class use during the free play? Why do children exclude each other during play? To investigate this, I have been non-participating observer in a preschool class. I have used the fifteen access strategies of William Corsaro (1979) and Tellgren's (2004) eight exclusion strategies. The result of the study shows that the preschool class children often use verbal access strategies together with nonverbal strategies. And that those strategies together are more successful than to only use the non-verbal access strategies. The results also indicate that the children's exclusion strategies take place more discreet and inside the play. The children exclude each other to protect their established communities or play groups. The children at the top of the hierarchy are the ones who determines which ones should be included and excluded. My conclusion is that children are skilled users of play strategies and they learn from each other what access strategies are working and what exclusion strategies are being accepted by other children and by the teachers.

We study the totally asymmetric exclusion process on the positive integers with a single particle source at the origin. Liggett (1975) has shown that the long term behaviour of this process has a phase transition: If the particle production rate at the source and the initial density are below certain critical values, the stationary measure is a product measure, otherwise the stationary measure is spatially correlated. Following the approach of Derrida et al. (1993) it was shown by Grosskinsky (2004) that these correlations can be described by means of a matrix product representation. In this thesis we derive a large deviation principle with explicit rate function for the particle density in a macroscopic box based on this representation. The novel and rigorous technique we develop for this problem combines spectral theoretical and combinatorial ideas and has the potential to be applicable to other models described by matrix products.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 18 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação “As relações de gênero na filosofia: vivências e narrativas de professoras de filosofia” é fruto de estudo da linha de pesquisa “Educação e Processo de Exclusão Social”, enquadra-se na área dos estudos de gênero, fazendo uma interface entre filosofia e educação. Tendo sob dois olhares: um olhar empírico, com narrativas e histórias de vida de professoras de Filosofia entrevistadas, com uma metodologia de pesquisa e análise inspiradas no método de pesquisa-formação de Marie Christine Josso; e um olhar histórico-filosófico, a fim de pensar as relações de gênero na Filosofia. Identificou-se que os estudos de gênero no campo da Filosofia, no Brasil, ainda são poucos, sendo necessário conhecer os estudos e pesquisas desenvolvidas em outros países. Foi de Portugal (Universidade de Lisboa) que se obteve o maior apoio teórico quanto às questões relativas à pesquisa de gênero e filosofia. Buscou-se a origem do preconceito contra as mulheres, traçando uma breve análise da história da Fi / The present essay "The relations of gender in philosophy: experiences and narratives of philosophy teachers’’ it comes from studies of the research line " Education and Social Exclusion Process ", it fits in the area of the gender studies, making an interface between philosophy and education. Having two sights: one empirical vision with narratives and histories of Philosophy teachers lives interviewed with a methodology of research and analysis inspired in the method of research-formation of Marie Christine Josso and a historical-philosophical vision in order to think the gender relations in the Philosophy. It was identified that the studies of gender in the Philosophy field in Brazil are still few, being necessary to know the studies and researches developed in other countries. From Portugal (University of Lisbon) it was obtained the highest theoretical support concerning relative questions related to gender and philosophy research. It was searched the origin of the prejudice against women, tracing a brief a

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T20:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 5 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar os processos de escolarização em 1ªs séries do Ensino Fundamental, buscando identificar e descrever situações potencializadoras do processo de exclusão na escola, restritas ao espaço da sala de aula, enfocando o processo de construção da lecto-escritura. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, envolvendo sujeitos agentes da prática educativa: professoras e alunos de vinte e duas turmas de 1ª série do Ensino Fundamental, em 11 escolas da rede municipal de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram alvo dessa pesquisa 22 professoras e um total de 44 alunos. Para a realização da investigação, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionários aplicados junto às professoras regentes de 1ª série, entrevista realizada com alunos das classes nas quais foram aplicados os questionários e observações, além de uma amostra de diários de classe das professoras participantes da pesquisa. A experiência escolar, especialmente a que / The objective of this study is to examine the learning processes on the beginning years of the elementary school, seeking to identify and describe potencial situations of the exclusion process on schools, restricted to the classroom environment, focusing the process of the reading and writing. In order to achieve the proposed objective it has been developed a research. I qualitative with 22 teachers and 44 students from 11 elementary school from São Leopoldo –Rio Grande do Sul Brazil. In order to collect the data the following research instruments were used: a questionnaire, a applied to the teachers, an interview, carried through with students of the same classes where the questionnaires were applied and observation of these classrooms, besides a sample of the teachers class logbooks. The school experience, specially the one referred to the first year of the elementary school in which the alphabetization process is developed, is an important stage for the formaction of the reader and the writer. The standard

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T20:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 18 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa constitui um exercício de observar, nas narrativas de cinco mulheres negras, professoras, residentes nas cidades de Caxias e São Luís, ambas situadas no Estado do Maranhão, experiências teórico-metodológicas que possam nortear a prática pedagógica. O foco principal da pesquisa é analisar, nas experiências de vida das mulheres negras, professoras, construtos que possibilitem um caminhar para si, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos de Marie-Christine Josso (2004), que utiliza a narrativa como experiência formadora. Por meio da coleta de suas histórias de vida, tomaram-se como categorias de análise a infância, a escolarização e a formação/atuação profissional em forma de narrativas, objetivando perceber as aprendizagens de formação adquiridas desse período e como influenciam a atuação profissional. Como se utilizaram as abordagens de gênero, com enfoque feminista e de raça, para a análise interpretativa, houve o interesse de sistematizar as narrativas como ferramenta metodológica que se aproxime do método / This research is an exercise of observation of the theoretical-methodological experience that guide pedagogical practice, though the analysis of the narratives of five black women teachers, born in Caxias and São Luís, both cities in the state of Maranhão. The main focus of this research is to analyze, in the life experience of black women teachers, the constructs that provide their own path, following the theoretical background of Marie-Christine Josso (2004), which uses narratives as a formation experience. Through the study of their life stories, we analyzed the childhood, the education, and the professional experience in form of narrative, in order to perceive the learning formation acquired in this period and how it influenced on the professional practice. As we approached the interpretative analyses with bias towards race and the female gender, it was interesting to organize the narratives as a methodological tool that is close to the interpretative method presented by Mannheim (apud WELLER, 2005). We t

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:16:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, sobre a trama dos processos de inclusão/exclusão do Outro nas relações pedagógicas, no período de estágio curricular supervisionado do curso de Ciências Biológicas. O estágio foi o campo empírico e os(as) estagiários(as), orientadora/supervisora, alunos(as) e professoras/tutoras foram os protagonistas da trama, que estabeleceram relações pedagógicas diversas. As relações pedagógicas foram observadas durante o estágio e depois analisadas à luz da teoria e dos documentos legais que normatizam o estágio. Na análise, que articulou a teoria e a prática das relações pedagógicas, utilizou-se dos seguintes conceitos: relação, outro, inclusão/exclusão, estágio curricular supervisionado e relação pedagógica. As relações pedagógicas que foram investigadas demonstraram que o estágio curricular supervisionado é um lugar de muitos Outros e que a inclusão/exclusão pode acontecer com qualquer um dos envolvidos na relação. E, também, mostraram q / The present study, which makes use of a qualitative methodoly, shows the result of a research project about the of inclusion/exclusion processes of others in the pedagogical relationships during the supervised curriculum training period from the Biology Science course. The practicum was the empirical field, and the trainee(s), supervisor, student(s) and professor(s) were the protagonists of the plot who established a variety of pedagogical relationships. The pedagogical relationships were observed during the training period and were then analyzed on the basis the theory about the subject, and the legal documents that standardize the training period. In the analysis, that articulated the theory and the practice of pedagogical relationships, there were used the following concepts: relationship, others, inclusion/exclusion, supervised curriculum training period and pedagogical relationship. The investigated pedagogical relationships demonstrated that the supervised curriculum training period is a place of many o