Thesis (Th. M.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-201).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.113-125).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-135).

Thesis (doctoral)--Frankfurt am Main, 1974. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-217).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitetet i Umeå, 1986. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 290-296.

This dissertation will use the philosophy of John Dewey to develop a conception of the individual using an ecological model as an alternative to the atomistic type more typical of Western philosophy. An ecological model presents the individual as part of a biological and cultural milieu, but, contrary to a number of critiques of the Deweyan individual, it does not subsume the individual beneath the larger processes of which it is a part or sacrifice the individual to the social institutions such as the state. The Introduction and Chapter One provide an overview of various critiques of Dewey's understanding of the individual before arguing that the Deweyan individual is best understood in ecological terms. This first section also argues in favor of Dewey's current relevance, as his philosophy provides a number of resources for addressing contemporary social problems. Chapter Two briefly examines the claim that there are possible absolutist tendencies in Dewey's thought before discussing the threat of absolutism, examining absolutist practices as types of monocultures, and arguing that far from supporting such tendencies, a Deweyan ecological individualism works against such practices. Chapter Three examines some of the implications of using an ecological model for the individual, shows that such an understanding of the individual drives home the precariousness of existence, and argues that this model thus provides the basis for a Deweyan existentialism. While Chapter Three emphasizes the ways in which our interdependence highlights the dangers that individuals face, Chapter Four responds to these worrisome implications by arguing in favor of a Deweyan art of living that builds upon our social and biological interrelatedness with a Deweyan care ethics that responds not only to our status as ecologically integrated entities with responsibilities to our social and biological communities, but that also emphasizes our need for self-care. The final chapter examines the ecological individual and moral community through the lens of a Deweyan radical democracy that emphasizes the need for ecological literacy, citizen engagement, a knowledgeable respect for our diverse heritage, and a willingness to work together continually to change our institutions and our practices toward democratic ideals.

As Moscas (Les Mouches, 1943) representa o início da carreira de Jean-Paul Sartre como dramaturgo e o de seu \"teatro de situações\". Do mesmo ano de O Ser e o Nada - obra-prima do existencialismo sartriano-, a peça é uma versão existencialista da lenda grega de Orestes. Este é o filho do rei Agamêmnon - comandante das tropas gregas na Guerra de Tróia - que, com a irmã Electra, se vinga dos assassinos de seu pai, Egisto e a rainha Clitemnestra, esposa de Agamêmnon e mãe deles. O episódio foi revisitado pelos três grandes poetas da tragédia clássica, Ésquilo, Sófocles e Eurípides. Em As Moscas Sartre transforma a vingança de Orestes em metáfora para os temas da liberdade e da má - fé e para a crítica à idéia tradicional de \"destino\" como em voga, no governo autoritário de Vichy, durante a Ocupação nazista da França (1940-44). Esse governo, apoiado pela hierarquia da Igreja Católica francesa, difundia uma ideologia \"religiosa\" de culpa e resignação diante da derrota militar frente a Hitler. A peça de Sartre pode, assim, ser lida como apologia ao movimento da Resistência antifascista dos franceses. Neste trabalho realizamos avaliação dos significados do mito em As Moscas. Considerando mas também indo além de seu sentido mais imediato de alegoria política, procuramos, à luz do ensaio clássico de Mircea Eliade de O Mito do Eterno Retorno, esclarecer as bases de um possível diálogo implícito da peça com o \"pensamento mítico\" universal, diálogo o qual é constituído por um movimento de crítica e de re-apropriação existencialista do valor \"arquetípico\" das narrativas míticas. O que se pretende mostrar é, sobretudo, que a peça de Sartre opera uma destruição e recriação do que Eliade chama de ontologia arcaica, estrutura de pensamento \"mítica\" porque calcada em arquétipos ou modelos transcendentes de significação e legitimação das ações e instituições humanas e do mundo em geral. A destruição se dá no contexto do ateísmo de Sartre e de sua crítica ao cristianismo; Sartre denuncia valores morais e religiosos ligados ao que chama de má- fé, tipo de conduta que, na situação específica de Vichy, trai a liberdade humana ao atrelar o poder e a história a certos arquétipos \"celestiais\" e deterministas. Por outro lado, a recriação se deve ao fato de As Moscas representar uma espécie de \"mito fundador\" da liberdade. Concluímos que, ao contrário do que seria de se esperar da perspectiva eliadiana, o existencialismo de As Moscas, anunciando a liberdade como horizonte fundamental da condição humana, não implica necessariamente o esvaziamento da possibilidade da experiência mítica, e sim sua renovação, já não como fuga - senão como revelação - da historicidade radical do homem. / The Flies (Les Mouches, 1943) represents the beginning of the dramaturgic career of Jean- Paul Sartre and of his \"theatre of situations\". Of the same year that Being and Nothingness - the masterpiece of Sartrian existentialism - this play is an existentialist version of Orestes\' Greek legend. Orestes is the king Agamemnon\'s son -the leader of Greek troops for the Trojan War - which, together with his sister Electra, takes revenge against their father\'s murderers, Aegisthus and Clytemnestra, Agamemnon\'s wife and their mother. The story was retold by the main Greek tragedians, Aesquylus, Sophocles and Euripides. In The Flies Sartre transforms Orestes\' revenge into a metaphor for the themes of liberty and bad faith, and into a critic against the traditional idea of \"destiny\", in the shape as it had a good run in the authoritarian govern of Vichy, during Nazi Occupation of France (1940-44). This government, supported by the French Catholic Church\'s hierarchy, disseminated a \"religious\" ideology of guilty and resignation for the defeat against Hitler. Sartre\'s play can, thus, be read as an apology for the anti- fascist Resistance of French people. In this work we study the significations of \"myth\" in The Flies. Considering but also going beyond its more immediate sense as a political allegory, we try, with the aid of Mircea Eliade\' classical essay The Myth of Eternal Return (1949), clarify the basis of a possible, implicit dialogue of the play with the universal \"mythical thought\", dialogue which is constituted by both a movement of critics and existentialist re-appropriation of \"arquetypical\" value of mythical narratives. We intend to show that Sartre\'s play operates some destruction and recreation of what Eliade calls \"archaic ontology\", structure of thought which is \"mythical\" once is based upon archetypes or transcendent models of meaning and legitimacy for human actions and institutions and of the World in general. The destruction happens in the context of Sartrian atheism and his critics of Christianity; Sartre denounces moral and religious values associated to what he calls \"bad faith\", a kind of conduct which, as in the specific situation of Vichy, betrays the human liberty tiding up the power and the History to certain deterministic, \"celestial\" arquetypes. On the other hand, the recreation is linked to the fact that The Flies represents a kind of \"founding myth\" of liberty. Our conclusion is that, in opposition to what would be expectable from Eliade\'s point of view, the existentialism of The Flies, announcing liberty as the fundamental horizon of the human condition, does not represent, necessarily, an impossibility of mythical experience, but its renovation, not as an escape from - but as a revelation of - the radical historicity of Man.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O problema do alcoolismo à evidenciado nos efeitos desta droga que, alÃm de causar complicaÃÃes sociais, podem produzir consequÃncias orgÃnicas, mentais e espirituais. Os problemas advindos do uso abusivo de Ãlcool podem produzir vÃrios efeitos facilmente observÃveis no cotidiano das pessoas. Objetivando compreender o ser alcoolista, buscamos respaldo teÃrico na AnÃlise Existencial por estar atrelada aos preceitos compreensivo fenomenolÃgicos e ter a preocupaÃÃo com o significado do ser. O local de realizaÃÃo foi em um Centro de AtenÃÃo Psicossocial Ãlcool e outras Drogas - CAPSad, localizado no MunicÃpio de Fortaleza-CE. Participaram do estudo oito sujeitos, atendendo ao critÃrio de saturaÃÃo dos dados. A produÃÃo do material empÃrico se deu no perÃodo de setembro a outubro de 2012, realizada com entrevista, utilizando-se um roteiro contendo perguntas relativas aos aspectos pessoais e sÃciodemogrÃfico e uma questÃo norteadora: O que à para vocà ser alcoolista? A anÃlise compreensivo - fenomenolÃgica propiciou a aproximaÃÃo da vivÃncia dos sujeitos e favoreceu a compreensÃo do fenÃmeno em estudo. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comità de Ãtica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, conforme Parecer n 04555112.2.0000.5054.Com base na leitura e apreensÃo dos discursos produzidos foram estabelecidas categorias temÃticas e 14 subcategorias. As categorias foram definidas, primeiramente, com base na trajetÃria de uso de Ãlcool e sua repercussÃo na vida dos sujeitos, compondo-se por nove subcategorias:Contato inicial com as drogas; Uso esporÃdico de outras drogas concomitante com o de Ãlcool; A busca de diversÃo e do prazer como estÃmulo ao uso de Ãlcool; RepercussÃes do uso e abuso de Ãlcool na vida dos sujeitos; AusÃncia de sentido de vida provocada pelo alcoolismo; EstratÃgias de enfrentamento e superaÃÃo utilizadas pelos sujeitos:Busca de apoio na rede de serviÃos de saÃde;A espiritualidade como forma de apoio no processo de superaÃÃo; O suporte familiar nos momentos difÃceis; Dificuldades pessoais vivenciadas durante o tratamento. A forÃa de vontade como estratÃgia de enfrentamento para abstinÃncia. A segunda categoria foi definida com o significado do ser alcoolista, composta por trÃs subcategorias: Ser alcoolista representa a morte; Ser alcoolista à antes uma relaÃÃo de dependÃncia; Ser alcoolista à ser doente. A pesquisa favoreceu a compreensÃo do ser alcoolista, com base nos preceitos da AnÃlise Existencial, propiciando a busca do sentido de vida, por meio da responsabilidade, liberdade, capacidade de criar, do amor, e da autotranscedÃncia que, poderÃo servir de subsÃdios para melhor reflexÃo da prÃtica de Enfermagem desenvolvida nos serviÃos especializados. Pode-se apreender a ideia de que o sujeito alcoolista, mesmo permeado por conflitos existenciais e pelas diversas perdas que teve em sua vida, à um ser que buscou saÃdas e que procurou permanecer vivo, mesmo diante das adversidades, ilustradas em sua compreensÃo como fenÃmeno e como ser no mundo. O significado do ser alcoolista, apreendido do discurso dos sujeitos do estudo reveste-se de inÃmeras possibilidades, levando à compreensÃo de aspectos vivenciais e de suas trajetÃrias de vida que envolvou vÃrios sentimentos e repercussÃes durante as suas relaÃÃes consigo, com o outro e com o mundo que o cerca. Considera-se que a apreensÃo do significado que cada sujeito atribui à condiÃÃo de ser alcoolistapossibilita na melhor compreensÃo e da sua relaÃÃo com a droga, favorecendo o processo de cuidar e, atà mesmo, a autoperceÃÃo da problemÃtica vivenciada. / The problem of alcoholism is evident in the effects of this drug, and cause social complications, consequences can produce organic, mint and spiritual. The problems arising from the misuse of alcohol can produce various effects easily observed in daily life. In order to understand the being alcoholic, seek theoretical support in Existential Analysis by being linked to the precepts phenomenological understanding and have a concern with the meaning of being. The test was performed in a Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and other Drugs - CAPSad, located in the city of Fortaleza. Eight subjects participated in the study, meeting the criterion of saturation data. The production of empirical material occurred in the period September-October 2012, with interviews conducted, using a script containing questions relating to personal and sociodemographic aspects and a question: What is for you to be an alcoholic? A comprehensive analysis - phenomenological approach allowed the survival of favored individuals and the understanding of the phenomenon under study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of CearÃ, as Opinion No. 04555112.2.0000.5054. Based on reading and seizure of talks were established thematic categories and 14 subcategories. The categories were defined, first, based on the trajectory of alcohol use and its impact on the lives of individuals, and is composed of nine subcategories: Initial contact with drugs; Sporadic other drugs concomitantly with alcohol, the search for fun and pleasure as encouraging the use of alcohol; Effects of alcohol use and abuse in the lives of individuals; Lack of sense of life caused by alcohol; Coping and Overcoming used by subjects: Search support network of healthcare services , Spirituality in support of the process of overcoming; Family support in difficult times; Personal difficulties experienced during treatment. Willpower as a coping strategy for withdrawal. The second category was defined with the meaning of being an alcoholic, composed of three subcategories: Being an alcoholic is death; Being an alcoholic is before a relationship of dependency; Being an alcoholic is to be sick. The survey favored the understanding of being an alcoholic, based on the precepts of Existential Analysis, allowing the search for the meaning of life through responsibility, freedom, ability to create, love, and transcendence that may contribute for better reflection of nursing practice developed in specialized services. One can grasp the idea that the individual alcoholic, even pervaded by existential conflicts and the various losses he had in his life, is a being who sought outputs and tried to stay alive, even in the face of adversity, as illustrated in their understanding phenomena and as being in the world. The meaning of being an alcoholic, seized the discourse of the study subjects is of endless possibilities, leading to understanding and experiential aspects of their life histories involving various feelings and repercussions for their relationship with themselves, with others and with the world around him. It is considered that the apprehension of the meaning that each subject gives the condition of being an alcoholic and enables the better understanding of their relationship with the drug, favoring the care process and even the attention the problems experienced.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Essa dissertaÃÃo objetiva compreender a questÃo das relaÃÃes humanas numa perspectiva filosÃfico-existencial a partir da obra O ser e o nada de Jean-Paul Sartre, cuja contribuiÃÃo apresenta como constitutiva a sua dimensÃo de conflito. Tal tema à exposto em quatro capÃtulos. No primeiro, âDa ExistÃnciaâ, tratamos da ruptura sartreana com as ontologias substancialobjetivas e da sua proposta de uma ontologia fenomenolÃgico-existencial como condiÃÃo de possibilidade para abordar filosoficamente a categoria do outro. No segundo capÃtulo, âSubjetividade e ConsciÃnciaâ, ambicionamos esclarecer o alcance conceitual sartreano a propÃsito das existÃncias diferenciadas (Em-si e Para-si) e das possibilidades das atividades existenciais (liberdade e autonomia de escolha) para compreender a dicotomia presente nas relaÃÃes intersubjetivas. No capÃtulo terceiro, âO Ser-Para-Outro: A Alteridadeâ, à exposto a estrutura do Ser-Para-Outro e o sentido para o existir-com-os-outros. De modo especial, o tema do olhar aponta para a dimensÃo conflituosa em que està enredada a temÃtica da intersubjetividade no autor em pauta. No Ãltimo capÃtulo, âConflito: O Sentido Original da Intersubjetividadeâ, demonstramos a relaÃÃo entre o conflito nas relaÃÃes intersubjetivas e o projeto do Para-si ensejando objetivar plenamente o Em-si e o Para-outro. Refletimos, tambÃm, sobre o posicionamento da tradiÃÃo filosÃfica ocidental que equacionou conflito e violÃncia e o redimensionamento do problema em Sartre ao explicitar a importÃncia da aceitaÃÃo do conflito como possibilidade da subjetividade constituir-se na condiÃÃo de sujeito, enfrentando o dilema do encontro com o diferente como um desafio da condiÃÃo humana. / This dissertation intends to comprehend the matter over human relations on a philosophical existential perspective as from the point of view of Jean-Paul Sartre in Being and Nothingness, presenting a constitutive contribution to its dimension of the conflict. Such theme is presented here in four chapters. At the first one, âthe pursuit of beingâ, we deal with the rupture of Sartre towards the substantital and objectives ontologies, as well as with his proposal about a phenomenological existential ontology as a condition of possibility to approach philosophically the category of the other. At the second chapter, âSubjectivity and Conscienceâ, we set our heart on clarifying the conceptual reach of Sartre about the Dialectical Concept of Being (In-Itself and For-Itself), and about the possibilities of the existential activities (freedom and autonomy of choice) to understand the dichotomy existing in the intersubjective relations. At the chapter three, âBeing-For-Other: Alterityâ, is revealed the structure of the Being-For-Other, as well as the meaning of being-with-others. On a special way, the theme of looking at points out to the conflictual dimension in which is mixed upo the set of topics of the intersubjectivity of the author we are studying. At the last chapter, âConflict: The Original Meaning of Intersubjectivityâ, we demonstrate the connection with the conflict in the intersubjective relations and the project of the For-Itself expressing plainly and objectively the In-Itself and the For-Other. We also considered about the position of the philosophical occidental tradition, which has solved conflicts and violence, as well as the and the proportion of the problem in Sartre detailing the importance of the acceptation of the conflict as a possibility of the subjectivity to constitute the condition of being, confronting the dilemma of the struggle with the different as a challenge of the human condition.

Abstract This thesis consists of three independent parts combined by the theory part in the beginning. The aim of the thesis is to bring into focus the connection between Søren Kierkegaard and modernism. Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 is also interpreted in the light of Kierkegaard's philosophy. The theoretical part deals with the main concepts of the research (movement, irony, repetition). Joseph Heller's Novel Catch-22 is also brought up more closely in this part. Kierkegaard's works The Seducer's Diary, Repetition and The Mozart-essays are interpreted in the second part of the thesis. The third part consists of two Kierkegaard translations from Danish into Finnish: Repetition and The Mozart-essays. [Søren Kierkegaard, Toisto (Gjentagelsen), transl. by Olli Mäkinen, Jyväskylä 2001, Atena; Mozart-esseet (De umiddelbare erotiska Stadier eller det Musikalsk-Erotiske), transl. by Olli Mäkinen, Jyväskylä, 2002)] Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 is interpreted in the fourth part. The novel is studied in the light of Kierkegaard's paradigmatic examples and compared to them. There are two different contradictory movements in the study: Kierkegaard is studied as a modernist and modernism is also interpreted in the light of Kierkegaard's philosophy. The primary source of this thesis is the classical version of Kierkegaard's Collected Works: (Søren Kierkegards Samlede V?rker I-XV=SV I-XV. (1920-36 (1901-1906). -Udg. af A. D. Drachmann, J. L. Heiberg og H. O. Lange. Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag) The more recent versions have however been used as the basis of the translations of texts Repetition and The Mozart-essays (Gjentageksen and De umiddelbare erotiska Stadier eller det Musikalsk-Erotiske, Søren Kierkegaards Forskningscentret, København 1997, Gads Forlag). In conclusion: Kierkegaard can be interpreted also as pre-modernist and the Kierkegaard-interpretation of Joseph Heller's Catch-22 is valid and possible, although the existential influence in this novel can also derive from the post-war existentialism of the World War II. / Tiivistelmä Kyseinen tutkimus koostuu kolmesta itsenäisestä osasta, joita yhdistää alussa oleva (neljäs) teoriaosa. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on valottaa Søren Kierkegaardin ja modernismin välistä yhteyttä. Tutkimuksessa tulkitaan myös amerikkalaisen kirjailijan Joseph Hellerin teosta Catch-22 Kierkegaardin filosofian valossa. Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa käsitellään tulkinnan kannalta keskeisiä käsitteitä (liike, ironia, toisto). Siinä otetaan esille myös Joseph Hellerin romaani Catch-22. Toisessa osassa lähiluetaan Viettelijän päiväkirjaa, joka on Kierkegaardin ehkä tunnetuin yksittäinen teos, ja sekä Toistoa että Mozart-esseitä. Kolmannen osan muodostavat kaksi kriittistä ja kommenteilla varustettua Kierkegaard-käännöstä. [Søren Kierkegaard (1843) Toisto (Gjentagelsen), suom. Olli Mäkinen, Jyväskylä 2001, Atena; Mozart-esseet (De umiddelbare erotiska Stadier eller det Musikalsk-Erotiske), suom. Olli Mäkinen, Helsinki 2002, Like.] Tutkimuksen neljäs osa koostuu Joseph Hellerin romaanin Catch-22 tulkinnasta. Kohdetta lähestytään Kierkegaardin paradigmaattisten esimerkkitapausten kautta. Tutkimuksessa ilmenee siis kahdenlaista liikettä. Kierkegaardia tulkitaan modernistina, mutta modernismia luetaan myös Kierkegaardin filosofian valossa. Tutkimuksessa käytetään primäärilähteinä Kierkegaardin koottujen teosten klassista versiota (Søren Kierkegards Samlede V?rker I-XV=SV I-XV. (1920-36) -Udg. af A. D. Drachmann, J. L. Heiberg og H. O. Lange. Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag). Gjentageksen- ja De umiddelbare erotiska Stadier eller det Musikalsk-Erotiske -tekstien käännöksien pohjana on kuitenkin käytetty em. uusimpia versioita (Søren Kierkegaards Forskningscentret, København 1997-98, Gads Forlag). Tutkimuksessa päädytään johtopäätökseen, jonka mukaan Kierkegaardia voidaan tulkita myös esimodernistina ja Joseph Hellerin Catch-22 -teoksen Kierkegaard-tulkinta on mahdollinen, vaikka eksistentialistiset vaikutteet kyseisessä romaanissa voivat olla peräisin myös varsinaisesta toisen maailmansodan jälkeisestä eksistentialismista.