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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The Charm of Excited Glue : Charmonium in <i>e</i><sup>+</sup><i>e</i><i>–</i> and <i>ppbar</i> collisions

Lundborg, Agnes January 2007 (has links)
<p>This thesis treats the mass range of charmonium states and excited gluonic fields in two experiments, BESII and PANDA, and outlines a phenomenological model that connects them.</p><p>In BESII, <i>e</i><sup>+</sup><i>e</i><sup>–</sup> form a charmonium initial state, which is utilised as a source for secondary particles. The analysed channels, <i>ψ</i>´→ <i>γK</i><sup>+</sup><i>K</i><sup>–</sup> and <i>ψ</i>´→ <i>γπ</i><sup>+</sup><i>π</i><sup>–</sup>, give access to intermediate scalar states such as the two glueball candidates: f<sub>0</sub>(1500) and f<sub>0</sub>(1710). The f<sub>0</sub>(1710) is indeed observed in decay into both <i>π</i><sup>+</sup><i>π</i><sup>–</sup> and <i>K</i><sup>+</sup><i>K</i><sup>–</sup> and the f<sub>0</sub>(1500) is accepted as a necessary part of the <i>π</i><sup>+</sup><i>π</i><sup>–</sup> signal at the moderate 5% level. In addition, we observe the two tensor states f<sub>2</sub>(1270) (in both channels) and f<sub>2</sub>´(1525) (in <i>K</i><sup>+</sup><i>K</i><sup>–</sup>), but the need for the f<sub>2</sub>´(1525) is not firmly established. The region around 2 GeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup> is fitted with an f<sub>4</sub>(2050) and an f<sub>0</sub>(2200) in <i>π</i><sup>+</sup><i>π</i><sup>–</sup>. This region is fairly flat in <i>K</i><sup>+</sup><i>K</i><sup>–</sup> with a slight peak at the f<sub>0</sub>(2200). Branching ratios for all eight channels are given. A fit to the angular distribution of ψ´→ γ f<sub>2</sub>(1270) → <i>γ π</i><sup>+</sup><i>π</i><sup>–</sup>gave two possible solutions for the relative importance of helicity projections zero, one and two.</p><p>The future <i>pp</i>bar experiment PANDA is still in the development phase; important physics goals have been defined and we are now taking on the laborious task of constructing a detector that is able to fulfil them. A simulation investigation of a theoretically preferred <i>J</i><i>PC</i>=1<sup>–+</sup> charmonium hybrid (<i>H</i><i>c</i>) is presented: <i>ppbar</i> → <i>H</i><i>c</i><i>π</i><sup>0</sup>/<i>η</i>, <i>H</i><i>c</i> → <i>χ</i><i>c</i><sub>1</sub> (<i>π</i><sup>0</sup><i>π</i><sup>0</sup>)<i>S–wave</i>, <i>χ</i><i>c</i><sub>1</sub> → <i>J</i>/<i>ψπ</i><sup>0</sup>, with a final state of seven photons and a lepton pair. To detect this channel next to full coverage of CM phase space is needed and as little material as possible before the electromagnetic calorimeter. </p><p>A second simulation study of <i>pp</i>bar → <i>η</i><i>c</i> → <i>γγ</i> at PANDA, suggests that the channel should be possible to detect with a signal-to-background ratio of 5±1 and a detection efficiency of at least 10%. </p><p>By assuming a constant matrix element we obtain a relation between the decay width for <i>ψ</i> → <i>pp</i>bar+<i>m</i>, which has been measured at BES for several cases, and the cross section for <i>pp</i>bar charmonium production in association with the same light meson, <i>m</i> (at for example PANDA). Cross sections of ~300–3000 pb were predicted for J/ψ production and ~30 pb for <i>ψ</i>' production. Isoscalars seem to be preferred to isovectors in <i>J</i>/<i>ψ</i> production, this might however be an artefact of simplifications within the model. A comparison with the only measured cross section, <i>pp</i>bar → <i>J</i>/<i>ψπ</i><sup>0</sup>, suggests that the model is useful as a first estimate.</p>
12

The Charm of Excited Glue : Charmonium in e+e– and ppbar collisions

Lundborg, Agnes January 2007 (has links)
This thesis treats the mass range of charmonium states and excited gluonic fields in two experiments, BESII and PANDA, and outlines a phenomenological model that connects them. In BESII, e+e– form a charmonium initial state, which is utilised as a source for secondary particles. The analysed channels, ψ´→ γK+K– and ψ´→ γπ+π–, give access to intermediate scalar states such as the two glueball candidates: f0(1500) and f0(1710). The f0(1710) is indeed observed in decay into both π+π– and K+K– and the f0(1500) is accepted as a necessary part of the π+π– signal at the moderate 5% level. In addition, we observe the two tensor states f2(1270) (in both channels) and f2´(1525) (in K+K–), but the need for the f2´(1525) is not firmly established. The region around 2 GeV/c2 is fitted with an f4(2050) and an f0(2200) in π+π–. This region is fairly flat in K+K– with a slight peak at the f0(2200). Branching ratios for all eight channels are given. A fit to the angular distribution of ψ´→ γ f2(1270) → γ π+π–gave two possible solutions for the relative importance of helicity projections zero, one and two. The future ppbar experiment PANDA is still in the development phase; important physics goals have been defined and we are now taking on the laborious task of constructing a detector that is able to fulfil them. A simulation investigation of a theoretically preferred JPC=1–+ charmonium hybrid (Hc) is presented: ppbar → Hcπ0/η, Hc → χc1 (π0π0)S–wave, χc1 → J/ψπ0, with a final state of seven photons and a lepton pair. To detect this channel next to full coverage of CM phase space is needed and as little material as possible before the electromagnetic calorimeter. A second simulation study of ppbar → ηc → γγ at PANDA, suggests that the channel should be possible to detect with a signal-to-background ratio of 5±1 and a detection efficiency of at least 10%. By assuming a constant matrix element we obtain a relation between the decay width for ψ → ppbar+m, which has been measured at BES for several cases, and the cross section for ppbar charmonium production in association with the same light meson, m (at for example PANDA). Cross sections of ~300–3000 pb were predicted for J/ψ production and ~30 pb for ψ' production. Isoscalars seem to be preferred to isovectors in J/ψ production, this might however be an artefact of simplifications within the model. A comparison with the only measured cross section, ppbar → J/ψπ0, suggests that the model is useful as a first estimate.
13

Middle Woodland Mound Distribution and Ceremonialism in the Apalachicola Valley, Northwest Florida

Frashuer, Anya C. 14 April 2006 (has links)
University of South Florida field investigations in northwest Florida’s Apalachicola Valley have resulted in the relocation of some lost mounds from the Middle Woodland period (ca. A.D. 1 to 650) by trekking through the forest and consulting with avocationals and collectors. This thesis project was triggered by a collector’s donation of some Swift Creek pots and the attempt to relocate the mound from which they came. In the 1970s, Gardner and Nidy recorded this site, named Poplar Springs Mound, categorized as Middle Woodland due to its Swift Creek and Weeden Island pottery. The donated collection contained pottery of the Swift Creek Complicated-Stamped series, Weeden Island series, and a couple of anomalous Mississippian sherds. To see how this mound fit in with other Middle Woodland mounds of the valley, it was necessary to compile data for all of them and relocate as many mounds as possible through additional survey. Artifact types from these mounds, such as pottery, shell, bone, and exotic materials, and burial practices were tabulated and spatial distributions were plotted. The mounds are distributed along the banks of the main navigable waterways of the Apalachicola and Chipola Rivers, on smaller streams and along the Gulf Coast. Nearly all have both Swift Creek and early Weeden Island ceramics, except for three with only Swift Creek types and a single site with only Weeden Island types. The artifact distributions show stone, bone, and shell tools clustering close to the coast and the main waterways. This is also the case for exotic (nonlocal) raw materials and artifacts made from these materials. Copper is distributed mainly along the coast, while other exotics (i.e. mica, galena, hematite) are located along the coast and close to the main rivers. The tabulation of these data, along with the documentation of the Poplar Springs Mound collection, will help archaeologists to see the manifestation of Middle Woodland ceremonial activity in the Apalachicola Valley.
14

A kind of wild

Vizcarrondo, Nina Leigh 24 February 2015 (has links)
Gemsbok, ibex, sitatunga, nyala. Their names may be unfamiliar, but these rare species, originally from Africa and Asia, now roam Texas ranches in numbers close to 1 million. In an irony as big and as rich as Texas, however, their proliferation has depended on their popularity with hunters. Enthusiasts will pay anywhere from $2,000 to $20,000 to hunt these so-called “texotics.” While this flourishing micro-economy and sub-culture has gone unrecognized by most of the world, “A Kind of Wild” is a 22 minute documentary that puts forth a portrait of the industry as illustrated through a cross-section of individuals with different roles in the system: an amateur breeder, a researcher, a ranch hand and a hunter. The film explores the paradoxical relationship between these people and the animals they care for, between economics and conservation. It is intended to spread awareness about this obscured phenomenon and to encourage audiences to reflect upon their own values concerning humans increasingly complicated impact on the natural world around us. This report chronicles the process of making the film and expounds on its challenges and lessons. / text
15

Poésie et ethnographie : des marges du surréalisme à la Beat Generation (autour de Michaux, Césaire et Ginsberg) / Poetry and ethnography : from the margins of Surrealism to the Beat Generation (A Reading of Michaux, Césaire and Ginsberg's works)

Perrot, Mathieu 01 July 2017 (has links)
L’ethnographie, dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, a influencé l’écriture des poètes surréalistes, ou proches du mouvement de Breton, et ceux de la Beat Generation. Comme les ethnographes, Michaux, Césaire et Ginsberg ont rejeté la tentation de l’exotisme, et ont tenté, chacun à leur façon, de décrire des phénomènes culturels, de chercher “l’âme” d’un peuple, et de “traduire le monde” par la poésie. Nourris de lectures ethnographiques, ils ont voyagé, utilisé des documents dans leurs journaux et leurs poèmes, et ils ont exploré des cultures différentes à partir des marges sociales. Inspirés par l’ethnographie, ils l’ont aussi parodiée, en montrant ses limites, ses ambitions et ses ambiguïtés, en proposant aussi des ethnographies imaginaires, satiriques, pour inventer d’autres mœurs, d’autres logiques, d’autres possibilités de vivre ensemble. En interrogeant les méthodes et les enjeux éthiques et politiques de l’ethnographie dans l’écriture des poètes, nous posons aussi la question de l’existence d’un genre littéraire : peut-on parler de “poésie ethnographique” ? / That thesis examines the influence of anthropology on the poetics of Henri Michaux, Aimé Césaire and Allen Ginsberg. In studying their writing methods, I question their poetic insights and the limits of their observations to “translate a world” so far and different from “ours.” Surrealist and Beat poets shared common ethical and political views with many ethnographers, placing value on cultures (and cultural margins) often denigrated by industrialized western countries. Like ethnographers, poets work with metaphors and documents to interpret their experience and understanding of the world. Their interest in (and parodies of) ethnography not only propose a healthy way to criticize ethnographers’ ambitions, but also can help us understand each other’s cultures: poetic license and relative brevity of form sometimes reveal accurately or more vividly a cultural pattern that researchers struggle to explain. In the midst of an interconnected world where cultural misunderstandings escalate frequently and sometimes violently, poetry can help us gain or cultivate an awareness of social and cultural prejudice, and at the same time reveal the beauty in things once thought to be irrelevant, ignoble, or even despicable
16

[en] PRICING OF EXOTICS OPTIONS: USING MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION / [pt] APREÇAMENTO DE OPÇÕES EXÓTICAS: UMA ABORDAGEM PELA SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE-CARLO

PIERRE ALEXANDRE CHARLES BURBAN 14 July 2008 (has links)
[pt] As opções financeiras são instrumentos derivativos cada dia mais usados na gestão de risco de mercado das empresas e dos investidores. Dependendo do tipo e das características da opção escolhida, geralmente não existem soluções analíticas ao problema de apreçamento do instrumento. A simulação de Monte- Carlo é um método que, aplicado ao problema de apreçamento, possibilita uma grande flexibilidade na integração das variáveis de cálculo e uma precisão que depende do número de simulações efetuadas. As opções exóticas têm características especiais e seus valores podem ser estimados com precisão aplicando as técnicas de simulação. Esta dissertação propõe uma abordagem e aplica técnicas de cálculo no apreçamento das opções exóticas mais freqüentemente encontradas nos mercados de capitais. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos podem ser usados no estudo e valoração de casos reais. / [en] Financial options are derivatives tools each day more and more used in market and enterprise risk control systems. Depending on the option type used, it doesn`t have an analytical solution for the pricing problem. A Monte-Carlo simulation is a very flexible method, which applied to the pricing problem, allows very-easy new variable implementation and accuracy increase with the number of simulation done. Exotics options have special features and pricing them by this method gives accurate results. Thus, this study explores a pricing solution and applied techniques of quite common exotics options traded on the market. The algorithms developed can be used for pricing real cases.
17

DistribuiÃÃo da malacofauna em pilares dos terminais portuÃrios de Cearà - Brasil, com Ãnfase no bivalve invasor Isognomon Bicolor / Distribution of mollusc pillars of the port terminals of Cearà - Brazil, with emphasis on bivalve invader Isognomon Bicolor

Diego Feitosa Bezerra 07 May 2010 (has links)
Terminais portuÃrios adicionam estruturas artificiais ao ambiente marinho propiciando o estabelecimento de organismos epibÃnticos nativos e espÃcies exÃticas devido à intensa circulaÃÃo de navios. O presente estudo caracterizou e comparou a composiÃÃo especÃfica e a distribuiÃÃo batimÃtrica da malacofauna associada aos pilares dos terminais portuÃrios do PecÃm e do Mucuripe - CearÃ, Brasil, a fim de verificar a ocorrÃncia de espÃcies exÃticas. Foi avaliada tambÃm a estrutura populacional do bivalve invasor Isognomon bicolor em ambos os portos. As coletas da malacofauna foram realizadas por meio de mergulho autÃnomo e mÃtodo destrutivo. A amostragem foi feita entre 0-5 metros de profundidade, espaÃadas em 1 metro. Foram coletadas 41 espÃcies de moluscos sendo 35 nativas, cinco criptogÃnicas e uma exÃtica. As maiores densidades foram registradas para Petaloconchus aff. varians, Isognomon bicolor, Lithophaga bisulcata, Crassostrea rhizophorae e Sphenia antillensis. Em ambos os portos, houve maior densidade mÃdia de moluscos no primeiro metro, bem como de I. bicolor. Nenhum dos portos demonstrou diferenÃa significativa dos descritores de comunidade em relaÃÃo à orientaÃÃo das faces nos pilares (interna e externa). No primeiro metro, foram observados os indivÃduos de I. bicolor de menor tamanho da concha. Esta distribuiÃÃo dos organismos pode provavelmente ser determinada pelo assentamento larval diferencial ao longo dos pilares e tambÃm a faixa em que I. bicolor està mais adaptado fisiologicamente. Estudos sobre estas comunidades sÃo de grande importÃncia para o monitoramento de regiÃes portuÃrias e o diagnÃstico precoce de espÃcies potencialmente invasoras. / Ports add artificial structures to the marine environment giving the establishments of natives epibenthics organisms and exotics species due to intense ship traffic. The present study classifies and compared the specific composition and bathimetric distribution of molluscs faune associated to the ports pillars of PecÃm and Mucuripe â CearÃ, Brasil, wanting to check the ocorrence of exotic species. It was also evaluated the population structure of the bivalves Isognomon bicolor invaders on both ports. The gathering of mollusc faune was possible through the autonomous diving and destructive method. The sample was made between 0-5 meters of depth, with space of 1 meter. 41 species of molluscs were gathered, being 35 natives, 5 criptogenic and 1 exotic. The highest densities were registered to Petaloconchus aff. Varians, Isognomon bicolor, Lithophaga bisulcata, Crassostrea rhizophorae and Sphenia antillensis. On both ports, there was a medium density of molluscs in the first meter. Neither of the Ports showed significant difference from communities descriptors related to the orientation of the pillarâs faces. Considering the bathimetric of I. bicolor on PecÃm Port, it was verified a predominance of these bivalves in the first meter of pillars. This organismâs distribution might be determinate on pillars by differential larval settlement on pillars length and also the range in which I. bicolor is more physiologically adapted. Studies about these communities are of great importance to the monitoring of portuaries regions and the early diagnoses of potentially invasive species.
18

Controle de gramíneas exóticas invasoras em área de restauração ecológica com plantio total, floresta estacional semidecidual, Itu-SP / Control of Urochloa decumbens Stapf. in ecological restoration area by planting in total area, Semideciduous Forest, Itu SP.

Adriana Ferrer Martins 10 March 2011 (has links)
A atividade de restauração florestal é freqüentemente realizada em áreas degradadas, ocupadas por gramíneas exóticas invasoras, e o controle destas plantas é fator determinante no sucesso da restauração. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de testar intervenções para controle da gramínea exótica invasora Urochloa decumbens Stapf. em área de restauração florestal, com plantio de mudas nativas em área total. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos com parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos aplicados nas parcelas foram: 1. Não inversão de solo (R) e 2. Com inversão de solo por gradagem (G). Os tratamentos aplicados nas subparcelas foram: 1. Aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções (H), 2. Plantio de feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes DC.) com aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (H+FP), 3. Plantio de feijão de guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) com aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (H+FG), 4. Plantio de feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes DC.) na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (FP), 5. Plantio de feijão de guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (FG), 6. Roçagem na instalação e nas manutenções (sem aplicação de herbicida e sem plantio de adubos verdes) (s/Hs/AV). O desenvolvimento da gramínea foi avaliado pela altura e porcentagem de cobertura no solo e o desenvolvimento das mudas pela altura, área de copas e mortalidade. As analises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo pacote estatístico SAS. O experimento permitiu concluir que, no período entre plantio e a primeira manutenção (realizada 3 meses após o plantio) as coberturas vivas na interação R(H+FP) e R(H+FG) diminuíram a porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens em relação ao tratamento R(s/Hs/AV) e os tratamentos (H+FP) e (H+FG) diminuíram a altura da U. decumbens no primeiro mês em relação ao tratamento (s/Hs/AV). Após a primeira manutenção, apenas o tratamento (H) diminuiu a porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens e a altura desta gramínea em relação a todos os demais. Nas variáveis referentes ao desenvolvimento das mudas, apenas a variável área de copas apresentou diferença significativa nas interações entre os tratamentos R(H) e R(s/Hs/AV) 7 meses após o plantio e R(H) em relação a todos os demais 9 meses após o plantio, sendo que o R(H) apresentou maior área de copas. Neste experimento, o uso de adubos verdes em área de restauração florestal não melhorou o desenvolvimento das mudas plantadas. O tratamento que promoveu menor porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens, menor altura de Urochloa decumbens Stapf. e mudas com maior área de copas foi o que teve aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções (H). / The activity of forest restoration is often performed in areas covered by exotic grasses. In this way, the weed control of these plants is a determining factor in the success of restoration. This project aims to test different interventions for Urochloa decumbens Stapf. control in an area of forest restoration with seedlings planting in total area. The design adopted was split plot treatments divided in blocks, with each plot with different kind of soil tillage systems: 1. tillage (no soil movement) and 2. Harrowing (ground motion); and subplots with: 1. herbicide application in the installation and during maintenance (H); 2. herbicide application and planting of bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FP + H); 3. herbicide application and planting beans (Cajanus cajan L.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (H + FG); 4. planting bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FP), 5. planting bean (Cajanus cajan L.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FG); and 6. no herbicide application nor planting green manure in the installation and the maintenance on mowing (s / Hs / AV). The grass height and percentage of occupation in of the soil was measured, as well the height, canopy area and mortality of seedlings, all of them analyzed by the SAS statistical package. In the period between planting and first maintenance (3 months), the living roofs in the interaction R (H + FP) and R (H + FG) controlled the percentage of invasive exotic grasses in the soil, and the treatments (H + FP) and ( H + FG) controlled the height of grasses in the first month. After the first maintenance, only the treatment (H) controlled the grasses in percentage of occupancy in the soil and height. Regarding the variables referred to the seedlings, only the canopy area showed a significant difference between treatments (H) and (s / Hs / AV) 7 months after planting and the (H) treatment showed a difference among all others, 9 months after planting,, as well its showed the biggest area. In this experiment the use of green manure in the area of forest restoration did not improve seedling growth. The (H) treatment was the one that promotes the Urochloa decumbens Stapf. control for a longer time and the seedlings with the largest canopy area.
19

Search for heavy resonances decaying into the fully hadronic di-tau final state with the ATLAS detector

Morgenstern, Marcus Matthias 11 April 2014 (has links) (PDF)
The discovery of a heavy neutral particle would be a direct hint for new physics beyond the Standard Model. In this thesis searches for new heavy neutral particles decaying into two tau leptons, which further decay into hadrons, are presented. They cover neutral Higgs bosons in the context of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) as well as Z′ bosons, predicted by various theories with an extended gauge sector. Both analyses are based on the full 2012 proton-proton collision dataset taken by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The extended Higgs sector in the MSSM suggests additional heavy neutral Higgs bosons which decay into tau leptons in about 10% of the time. Given that the dominant final state, φ → b¯b, suffers from tremendous QCD initiated backgrounds, the decay into two tau leptons is the most promising final state to discover such new resonances. The fully hadronic final state is the dominant one with a branching fraction of about 42%. It governs the sensitivity, in particular at high transverse momentum when the QCD multijet background becomes small. Other theoretical extensions of the Standard Model, which are mainly driven by the concept of gauge unification, predict additional heavy particles arising from an extended underlying gauge group. Some of them further predict an enhanced coupling to fermions of the third generation. This motivates the search for Z′ bosons in the fully hadronic di-tau final state. One major challenge in physics analyses involving tau leptons is to have an outstanding performance of trigger and identification algorithms suitable to select real tau leptons with high efficiency, while rejecting fake taus originating from quark or gluon initiated jets. In this work a new tau trigger concept based on multivariate classifiers has been developed and became the default tau trigger algorithm in 2012 data-taking. An updated tau identification technique based on the log-likelihood approach has been provided for 2011 data-taking. Furthermore, a new framework has been developed to perform the tuning of the tau identification algorithm and exploited for the optimisation for 2012 data-taking, accordingly. The search for new heavy neutral Higgs bosons in the context of the MSSM has been performed exploiting the full 2012 dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1 taken at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. Updated event selection criteria and novel data-driven background estimation techniques have been developed and are suitable to increase the sensitivity of the analysis significantly. No deviations from the Standard Model prediction are observed, and thus 95% C.L. exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio, σ(pp → φ) × BR(φ → ττ), are derived exploiting the CLs method. The exclusion ranges from 13.0 pb at 150GeV to 7.0 fb at 1 TeV for Higgs boson production in association with b-quarks and from 23.6 pb at 150GeV to 7.5 fb at 1 TeV for Higgs bosons produced via gluon-gluon fusion. The obtained exclusion limit on σ(pp → φ) × BR(φ → ττ) can be related to an exclusion of the MSSM parameter space in the MA-tan β-plane. Various benchmark scenario are considered. The ”standard candle” is the mhmax scenario, for which tan β values between 13.3 and 55 can be excluded at 95% C.L. in the considered mass range. Updated benchmark scenarios designed to incorporate the recently discovered SM-like Higgs boson were suggested and analysed as well. In the mhmod+ (mhmod−) scenario tan β values between 13.5 (13.3 ) and 55 (52 ) can be excluded. Finally, a search for heavy neutral resonances in the context of Z′ bosons was performed. As in the search for new Higgs bosons, no deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed, and hence exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio, σ(pp → Z′) × BR(Z′ → ττ), and on the Z′ boson mass are derived exploiting the Bayesian approach. Z′ bosons with MZ′ < 1.9 TeV can be excluded at 95% credibility, and thus mark the strongest exclusion limit obtained in the di-tau final state by any collider experiment so far.
20

Search for heavy resonances decaying into the fully hadronic di-tau final state with the ATLAS detector

Morgenstern, Marcus Matthias 21 March 2014 (has links)
The discovery of a heavy neutral particle would be a direct hint for new physics beyond the Standard Model. In this thesis searches for new heavy neutral particles decaying into two tau leptons, which further decay into hadrons, are presented. They cover neutral Higgs bosons in the context of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) as well as Z′ bosons, predicted by various theories with an extended gauge sector. Both analyses are based on the full 2012 proton-proton collision dataset taken by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The extended Higgs sector in the MSSM suggests additional heavy neutral Higgs bosons which decay into tau leptons in about 10% of the time. Given that the dominant final state, φ → b¯b, suffers from tremendous QCD initiated backgrounds, the decay into two tau leptons is the most promising final state to discover such new resonances. The fully hadronic final state is the dominant one with a branching fraction of about 42%. It governs the sensitivity, in particular at high transverse momentum when the QCD multijet background becomes small. Other theoretical extensions of the Standard Model, which are mainly driven by the concept of gauge unification, predict additional heavy particles arising from an extended underlying gauge group. Some of them further predict an enhanced coupling to fermions of the third generation. This motivates the search for Z′ bosons in the fully hadronic di-tau final state. One major challenge in physics analyses involving tau leptons is to have an outstanding performance of trigger and identification algorithms suitable to select real tau leptons with high efficiency, while rejecting fake taus originating from quark or gluon initiated jets. In this work a new tau trigger concept based on multivariate classifiers has been developed and became the default tau trigger algorithm in 2012 data-taking. An updated tau identification technique based on the log-likelihood approach has been provided for 2011 data-taking. Furthermore, a new framework has been developed to perform the tuning of the tau identification algorithm and exploited for the optimisation for 2012 data-taking, accordingly. The search for new heavy neutral Higgs bosons in the context of the MSSM has been performed exploiting the full 2012 dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1 taken at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. Updated event selection criteria and novel data-driven background estimation techniques have been developed and are suitable to increase the sensitivity of the analysis significantly. No deviations from the Standard Model prediction are observed, and thus 95% C.L. exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio, σ(pp → φ) × BR(φ → ττ), are derived exploiting the CLs method. The exclusion ranges from 13.0 pb at 150GeV to 7.0 fb at 1 TeV for Higgs boson production in association with b-quarks and from 23.6 pb at 150GeV to 7.5 fb at 1 TeV for Higgs bosons produced via gluon-gluon fusion. The obtained exclusion limit on σ(pp → φ) × BR(φ → ττ) can be related to an exclusion of the MSSM parameter space in the MA-tan β-plane. Various benchmark scenario are considered. The ”standard candle” is the mhmax scenario, for which tan β values between 13.3 and 55 can be excluded at 95% C.L. in the considered mass range. Updated benchmark scenarios designed to incorporate the recently discovered SM-like Higgs boson were suggested and analysed as well. In the mhmod+ (mhmod−) scenario tan β values between 13.5 (13.3 ) and 55 (52 ) can be excluded. Finally, a search for heavy neutral resonances in the context of Z′ bosons was performed. As in the search for new Higgs bosons, no deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed, and hence exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio, σ(pp → Z′) × BR(Z′ → ττ), and on the Z′ boson mass are derived exploiting the Bayesian approach. Z′ bosons with MZ′ < 1.9 TeV can be excluded at 95% credibility, and thus mark the strongest exclusion limit obtained in the di-tau final state by any collider experiment so far.

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