Bakgrund: Enligt Tanzanias regering är ett av de första stegen för att uppnå målet om hälsa till alla, att tillse åtkomsten av tillräckligt med sjukvårdspersonal, med resurser nog att genomföra arbete av kvalité. För tillfället är dessa mål inte uppfyllda, och situationen är värre på landsbygden. På grund av bristen på professionell sjukvårdspersonal, speciellt i geografiskt avlägsna områden i Tanzania, måste sjuksköterskor ibland arbeta över sin utbildningsnivå. Syfte: Syftet var att utforska omvårdnadspersonals erfarenheter av att arbeta på landsbygden i Tanzania. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie, baserad på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med omvårdnadspersonal som arbetar på landsbygden. Textmaterialet analyserades genom en tematisk innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fem kategorier uppkom: Arbetssituationen, visar att omvårdnadspersonalen klarar att erbjuda all service genom att arbeta över sin utbildningsnivå. Tillgång till resurser, påvisar brist på personal, faciliteter, utrustning och medicin. Personalens mentalitet, visar att omvårdnadspersonalen var glad trots att de gav upp sitt privatliv för att jobba där. Landsbygdspopulation, beskrivs med att de besitter mindre kunskap om hälsa. Boendesituation, påvisar att omvårdnadspersonalen efterfrågade en plats nära arbetet att bo på. Konklusion: Omvårdnadspersonalen var nöjd med deras arbete på landsbygden i Tanzania, trots att de mötte svårigheter. De kunde ge all service på grund av att de kunde utföra varandras sysslor och arbetade då över sin4utbildningsnivå. Det kan argumenteras för att detta arbetssätt inte svarar för en säker och evidensbaserad sjukvård. / Background: According to the government in Tanzania, one of the first steps to achieve the goal of health is to ensure access to health care workers with enough resources and capacity to deliver quality care. Today these goals are not reached, and the situation is worse in rural areas. Due to the lack of professional health care workers in Tanzania, especially in geographic remote areas, nursing staff have to perform beyond their formal education level. Aim: The aim was to explore nursing staff’s experience regarding working in rural Tanzania. Method: A qualitative interview study design was used, based on eight semi-structured interviews with nursing staff working in rural areas in Tanzania. The data were analyzed by using thematic content analysis. Result: Five categories emerged: Working situation, which demonstrates how nursing staff manage to provide all the services through working beyond their education level. Access to resources, which indicates lack of staff, facilities, equipment and medicine. Staff mentality, which demonstrates that the nursing staff were happy, although giving up their personal life to work there. Rural population, which was described as a population with less knowledge about health. Living conditions, which showed that all nursing staff requested a place to stay close to the dispensary. Conclusion: The nursing staff was satisfied with their work in rural Tanzania, yet they faced difficulties. They could still provide all services, mainly by handling different tasks and by working over their formal level. It is arguable that this is not corresponding to a safe and evidence based healthcare.

Projektformen är vanlig inom kulturområdet där man t.ex. kan räkna varje enskild teater-/operaproduktion eller konsert som projekt. Det finns olika typer av ledarroller som leder dem. Två av dessa roller är projektledare och producent. Skillnaden mellan de här två rollerna är inte alltid tydlig och syftet med den här studien är dels att försöka utröna om det finns någon tydlig generell definition av rollerna inom det studerade området och dels hur personer som arbetar i dessa två yrkesroller upplever sitt arbete. Studien innefattar två olika institutioner inom konstmusik samt en operainstitution och den har genomförts genom kvalitativa intervjuer med projektledare och producenter som arbetar på dessa platser Resultatet visar på att det inte finns någon generell definition av rollerna och att de ser olika ut på olika platser beroende på en rad olika faktorer. Det visar även på att både projektledare och producenter i den här miljön upplever sitt arbete positivt med många bollar i luften och många mänskliga kontakter men också med inslag av stress, frustration och svårigheter att vara ledig. Det är även ett arbete där man gemensamt arbetar mot en fix deadline på gott och ont och där balansgången mellan konst och ekonomi ständigt är närvarande. / In the field of performing arts the work is often done in the form of a project. Every single theatre and opera production or concert can be regarded as a project. There are many different roles leading the work in a culture project. Producer and project manager are two of these leading roles. The difference between these two roles is not always clear. The purpose of this study is partly to try to find out whether there is any clear general definition of the two different roles within the field studied and partly to see how both producers and project managers experience their work in this context. One opera and two different music art institutions are having been studied. The study is performed by means of qualitative interviews with project managers and producers working in these institutions. The result shows there is no general definition of the leader roles and that they vary between different institutions depending on several factors. It also shows that both project managers and producers in these institutions have a positive view in the intensity of the work and the many personal contacts. At the same time, they experience stress, frustration and difficulties to relax from work. In these cultural projects you also work towards a mutual fixed dead-line. This can have a positive or negative effect. You always have the balance between art and economy constantly present.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka relationen mellan chefens personlighet utifrån femfaktorsmodellen och anställdas arbetsupplevelse utifrån krav-kontroll-stödmodellen när arbete skedde på distans. Pearsons korrelationsanalys genomfördes för att ge en översikt över relationen mellan chefens personlighet och anställdas arbetsupplevelse. Vidare undersöktes hur mycket av chefens personlighet förklarade variationer i anställdas arbetsupplevelse samt om och hur respektive personlighetsdimension predicerade anställdas arbetsupplevelse samt delkategorierna krav, kontroll och stöd. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) användes för att mäta chefens personlighet. Fem delskalor från QPS Nordic (34+) med koppling till krav-kontroll-stödmodellen användes för att mäta anställdas arbetsupplevelse. Resultaten påvisade signifikanta samband mellan respektive personlighetsdimension och anställdas arbetsupplevelse. 57.9% av variationer i anställdas arbetsupplevelse kunde förklaras av chefens personlighet baserat på femfaktorsmodellen. Samvetsgrannhet var den enda personlighetsdimensionen hos chefen som enskilt hade en signifikant prediktion på anställdas totala arbetsupplevelse och samtliga delkategorier.  Extraversion hos chefen hade en signifikant prediktion på anställdas upplevelse av kontroll. / The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the leader's personality and employees experience of work in a distance context. The study investigated if there was a significant correlation between the leader's personality, based on the five-factory-model, and employees' experience of work, based on the demand-control-support-model. Furthermore, the study explored how much the leader's personality explained the variation in employees' experience of work. Ten Item Personality (TIPI) was used to measure the personality of the boss. Ten questions from QPS Nordic (34+) were used to measure work-experience. The results showed a significant correlation between the leader's personality and distance-workers' experience of work. 57.9% of the variation in the employees' experience of work could be explained by the leader's personality. Concisentiousness was the only dimension that had a significant effect on employees' total experience of work. Extraversion had a significant effect on employees' sense of control.

本研究採用質性研究方法，運用深入訪談方法來訪談14位處理兒童及少年校園性侵害案件具有實務工作經驗超過5年的警察人員、教職人員、社工員，從中探討社工員在介入校園性侵害案件服務工作的角色扮演及其與警政、學校一同處理案件的衝突，並從中探究社工員本身的工作困境與因應之道，期能作為社工員介入校園性侵害案件服務工作經驗整理的開始，進而可做為社工員在性侵害防治工作領域專業角色扮演，及與他專業合作分工的參考。本研究發現如下: 一、社工員主觀認知的角色功能，與法定職責相似，且社工 員角色在處理性侵害案件與一般兒少保護案件是有所差異的。另警政與教育人員對性侵害業務社工員角色扮演的看法，彷彿停留在社工員可以協助其業務面向或是被害人面對司法問題上。總之，似乎校園性侵害案件真要進入司法程序，社工員的角色功能才得以有所發揮。 二、警察人員最期待社工員能夠先了解案情，且請社工員不要在當事人面前「指揮」警察該如何偵辦案件。又教職人員最期待社工員能夠提供訪談資訊，以協助性平會調查。 三、社工員服務困境主要來自社政體制本身，與對個案及其家屬服務過程的衝突。前者如依法規定24小時訪案沒有彈性、新案影響提供舊案的服務、夜間陪同偵訊問題、與應對司法制度產生之角色衝突困境。後者如被害人拒絕配合調查程序、與家長對案情認定不一致，以及面臨處理兩情相悅案件的複雜性。 四、而專業間對彼此的抱怨，呈現了警察人員最在意社工員過度干涉筆錄製作事項，社工員反覺得警察人員不清楚兒童及少年被害人的情緒反應狀態與行為模式，卻未積極偵辦之情。另一方面，學校教職人員覺得社工員透漏學校通報之情，而破壞學校師生的信任關係，甚至覺得社工員可以不要再重複訪談被害學生了。相對的，社工員對於學校教職人員忽略被害人感受 與對被害人標籤、未能滿足家長期待、不清楚處理流程等等事項有所抱怨。 五、為因應上述之困境，且促進專業間的合作關係，也為個案提供專業服務，社工員對學校性平調查持一定配合程度。另為避免破壞與警政的合作關係，社工員全力協助被害人配合製作筆錄事宜。且為維護被害人的法定權益，社工員應接納被害人的個別差異性，並協調各專業之差異認定與判斷。更重要的是社工員需進行自我心態調整，清楚社工員職責角色的界線，同時接納與了解不同專業的工作內容。 六、綜合受訪者想法、意見，在目前實務工作場域中的情境，發現專業間可以分別辦理共同訓練、整合調查工作、建立跨單位組織、修訂法規等不同方式來建立以被害人為中心的團隊工作模式。 依上述研究發現，從處理兒少校園性侵害案件的制度面與從社工員實務工作面提出建議。首先在制度面上，中央機關可從法令規章的修訂與建立中央跨部會機關間的協調機制來著手，而縣市政府教育局處可成立跨校專責小組以專責處理性平案件調查業務，並結合警政、社政之性侵害業務專責小組成跨專業團隊來專責處理校園性侵害事件。在實務面上，建議社政主管機關要落實性侵害防治業務社工員之在職教育、建立緊急保護社工員的服務體制與倡導社工員的職責角色，且社工員要了解與運用性侵害防治業務相關法律規定，並開放自我與其他專業對話。 / This paper adopts the qualitative research method to have in-depth interviews with fourteen police officers, school faculties and social workers who have the experience of dealing with campus sexual assault cases of children and youth for more than five years. With the conducted interviews, this paper will discuss the role social workers play when involving in the cases of sexual assault on campus and the conflicts aroused among social workers, the police and school faculty. This paper aims to investigate the dilemma that social workers face in their job and the possible solutions to these problems. In hope that these data can serve as an initial record for social workers who work in this disciplinary; a reference for the role social workers play in sexual assault prevention; and a guide for the collaboration with other professions. This paper has thus reached the following findings: I. The subjective perception of social workers’ function is similar to their statutory duty and that their role in dealing with sexual assault cases differs from that handling general child protection cases. Nevertheless, the police and school faculty still have the impression that social workers who handle sexual assault cases can assist them with their respective duties or provide help for the victim’s confrontation with the judicial problems. Ultimately, it seems like it is only when the campus sexual assault case reaches its judicial stage, then social workers can play their part. II. The police expect social workers to understand the case and meanwhile, they do not want social workers to interfere with their investigation, especially in front of the victim or victimizer. On the other hand, the school faculty expects social workers to provide them with the interview information, so as to assist the investigation of the Gender Equality Committee. III. The problems that social workers face are mainly from the rigidity of the social affair system and the conflicts aroused when communicating with the victim, the victimizer, and their relatives. The former problems are such as the inflexibility of the regulation of the law to attend the case in 24 hours; the past cases are affected by the current cases; the problems of accompanied night interrogation; and the conflicts aroused in confrontation with the judicial system. The latter problems are such as the victimizer’s refusal to cooperate in the investigation, the disagreement on the case with the parents, and the complexity to handle the case involving sexual gratification in mutuality. IV. There are complaints between different professions. For instance, the police concern the most about social workers’ excessive intervention when they are making a report of the case. However, social workers feel that the police are insensitive to the child or youth victim’s emotions and behaviors, and therefore they did not carry out the investigation actively. Moreover, the school faculty feels that social workers’ disclosure of the case would damage the trust between students and teachers. Also, they feel that social workers should not interview the victimized student repeatedly. On the other hand, social workers have complaints about the school faculty. For example, their negligence of the victim’s feelings; their tendency to label the victim; their inability to fulfill the expectations of the parents and their ignorance of the procedure of the case. V. To solve the above problems; to initiate the cooperative relations among different professions; and to provide the case with professional service, social workers will definitely coordinate with the school’s investigation on the gender equality cases. Also, in order not to damage the cooperative relation with the police, social workers will provide full assistance while the police are making a report of the case with the victim. Moreover, social workers should safeguard the legal rights of the victim by accepting the victim’s individual difference and coordinating the difference in judgments between various professions. Most importantly, social workers should undergo an adjustment in mentality to understand their role and the borderline of their duty by accepting and understanding the tasks of various professions. VI. By summing up the interviewees’ ideas and opinions, there comes to a discovery that in the practical practices, it is possible for different professions to conduct trainings together, to synthesize the investigation, to establish a cross-unit organization, to revise regulations and many other ways in order to create a victim-centered working team mode. From the above studies, suggestions can be made on two aspects, the system itself and the practical practices of social workers, while dealing with sexual assault cases on campus. First on the system, the central authority can start with the revision of the laws and regulations and the establishment of the coordination from the central to the other departments. For instance, the County Municipal Bureau of Education Department can set up a cross-school team that deals mainly with gender equality cases, and which is able to synthesize the sexual assault investigative teams from the police and social workers. Next, on the practical practices of social workers, it is suggested that the social affairs authority should implement the in-service education of social workers involving in sexual assault preventive project. Also, it is necessary for the establishment of a service system that protects social workers’ safety in case of emergency and the need to advocate the responsibility of their role. Furthermore, social workers are required to understand and exercise the laws and regulations related to sexual assault preventive cases, and to have an open-mind so that the dialogues with other professions can be made possible.

Global mobility, wireless technology and networked society are transforming the airport territory. These changes (hard factors) have been analysed in airport planning and transportation studies (Koll-Schretzenmayr 2003; Banister 2003; Schaafsma 2003; Knippenberger &Wall 2010; Salewski & Michaelli 2011; Convenz & Thierstein ed. 2014 et al) and architecture and design (Edwards 1998; Blow 2005; Cuadra 2002; Uffelen 2012; Gensler 2013 et al). But design strategies focusing on the passenger experience (soft factors) have not yet been thoroughly assimilated by architecture and design. On the theoretical level this dissertation spans the analysis of current methodologies in social studies (e.g. Castells 1996; Gottdiener 2000; Cresswell 2006; Urry, 2007; Elliott & Urry 2010; Adey 2010 et al) and their relation to architectural and urban studies concepts for the airport. The latter includes the “Airport as City” (Güller & Güller 2000), “Aviopolis – A Book about Airports” (Fuller & Harley 2005) and “Aerotropolis” (Kassarda 2010). This dissertation also explores IT and aviation industry interests at the interface between technology and air travellers. In this light aviation industry research and solutions (Amadeus 2011, SITA 2013) are important to consider, as well the philosophy behind who travels and for what purpose (Sloterdijk 1998; Koolhaas 1998; Gottdiener 2000; Urry 2007; Birtchnell & Caletrio 2014 et al). Here, the author’s previous field research at Frankfurt International Airport is relevant. We live more mobile lifestyles, we work in hybrid spaces (Suoza 2006; Duffy 2010 et al), and we consequently need to share information and collaborate differently. Using constant travellers as a case study, the impact of physical and informational mobility on perceptions of and behavioural patterns in the airport can lead to a deeper understanding of mobile work and the air travel experience. New design strategies can be developed from research about constant travellers, and the results may improve their work and air travel experience. The author’s combination of design approaches from architecture and social science (sociology and psychology) methodologies can better address the real needs of constant travellers in hybrid workspaces. It is hoped that this dissertation will inspire airport architects and designers, interaction designers and the aviation industry to pay more attention to users’ needs in their design processes.