Bakgrund Endometrios är en östrogenberoende sjukdom som drabbar 2-15% av alla fertila kvinnor. Sjukdomen karaktäriseras av svår menstruationssmärta, samlagssmärtor och infertilitet. Det är av vikt för sjuksköterskan att bemöta dess kvinnor med förståelse, ha kompetens om endometrios samt att arbeta utifrån ett tvärvetenskapligt förhållningssätt som kan bidra till individualiserad omvårdnad. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios. Metod En allmän litteraturöversikt. Databaser som användes var CINAHL complete och PubMed. Nio kvalitativa artiklar och en mixad-metod ingick i resultatet. Resultat Resultatet medförde tre huvudteman som visade att kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios påverkade dem ur både en fysisk-, social- och psykisk aspekt. Brist på kunskap om sjukdomen resulterade i fördröjd diagnos och feldiagnostisering. Kvinnorna upplevde sig misstrodda av omgivningen och att deras symtom normaliserades. Slutsats Kvinnorna som lever med endometrios liv är präglat av smärta och psykisk ohälsa. De ansåg att bli tagen på allvar och få en diagnos var betydelsefullt. Sjuksköterskan behöver ha ett personcentrerat förhållningsätt för att hjälpa kvinnorna hantera sin sjukdom. / Background Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease that affects 2-15% of all fertile women. The disease is characterized by severe menstrual pain, intercourse pain and infertility. It is important for the nurse to treat its women with understanding, to have competence in endometriosis and to work based on an interdisciplinary approach that can contribute to individualized care. Aim The aim is to describe women's experiences of living with endometriosis. Method A general literature review. Databases used were CINAHL complete and PubMed. Nine qualitative studies and one mixed method were included in the results. Results The results resulted in three main themes that showed that women's experience of living with endometriosis affected them from both a physical, social and psychological aspect. Lack of knowledge about the disease resulted in delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The women felt distrusted by those around them and that their symptoms were normalised. Conclusions The lives of women living with endometriosis are characterized by pain and mental illness. They felt that being taken seriously and receiving a diagnosis was significant. The nurse needs to have a person-centred approach to help the women manage their illness.

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Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor. I Sverige drabbades 7570 kvinnor av bröstcancer år 2020. Diagnosenbröstcancer ökade med 1,8 procent per år de senaste 20 åren vilketsignalerade för att allt fler kvinnor insjuknade i bröstcancer. Diagnosenbröstcancer har visat sig vara en individuell erfarenhet hos kvinnorna.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka kvinnorserfarenheter av att leva med bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturstudie valdes som metod. Litteraturstudiens resultatutgörs av en sammanställning från nio vetenskapliga artiklar som sökts frami databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades,analyserades och sammanställdes för att besvara litteraturstudiens syfte. Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat redovisades i tre olika kategorier: Att fåen bröstcancerdiagnos, hantering av sjukdom efter diagnos och en förändradvardag. Det fanns flera aspekter som har visat sig påverka kvinnanserfarenheter av att leva med bröstcancer. Slutsatser: Kvinnorna som drabbades av bröstcancer upplevde storaförändringar i deras liv som påverkade deras livsvärld. Kvinnorna hadedelade erfarenheter kring arbetets förändrade betydelse efter att demdiagnostiserats med bröstcancer. Kvinnorna delade även erfarenheter av enförändrad kropp och integritet. Genom att sjuksköterskan försöker förstå hurkvinnorna erfaras sin diagnos kan en bättre vård ges. Det leder till ett minskatlidande och en bättre livskvalité hos kvinnorna med bröstcancer. / Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. In Sweden, 7,570 women were affected by breast cancer in 2020. Breast cancer diagnoses increased by 1.8 percent per year in the last 20 years, which signaled that more and more women were getting breast cancer. The diagnosis of breast cancer has been shown to be an individual experience for women. Purpose: The purpose of this literature study was to investigate women's experiences of living with breast cancer. Method: A literature study was chosen as the method. The results of the literature study consist of a compilation from nine scientific articles that were searched in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. The articles were quality reviewed, analyzed and compiled to answer the purpose of the literature study. Results: The results of the literature study were reported in three different categories: Getting a breast cancer diagnosis, managing the disease after diagnosis and a changed everyday life. There were several aspects that have been shown to influence women's experiences of living with breast cancer. Conclusions: The women who suffered from breast cancer experienced major changes in their lives that affected their life world. The women had shared experiences regarding the changed meaning of work after being diagnosed with breast cancer. The women also shared experiences of a changed body and integrity. By the nurse trying to understand how the women experience their diagnosis, better care can be provided. This leads to less suffering and a better quality of life for women with breast cancer.

Att leva med hjärtsvikt innefattar flera olika utmaningar eftersom det är en allvarlig diagnos med många olika symtom som kan begränsa vardagslivet. Behandlingen består av flera delar med bland annat egenvård som är en del av patientutbildningen. Egenvård kan ge möjlighet för patienter att behandla symtom på egen hand och öka självständigheten. Sjuksköterskan kan finnas som stöd vid egenvård genom att informera och motivera. Syftet med studien är att belysa patientens upplevelse av egenvård vid hjärtsvikt. Metoden är en litteraturstudie med inriktning mot kvalitativa artiklar som sökts fram i CINAHL och MEDLINE. Därifrån valdes nio artiklar ut som svarade an på syftet. Resultatet visade varierade upplevelser av egenvård som grundades i patientens egenskaper. För att utföra egenvård krävdes motivation som utformades på olika sätt. Att ha kunskap och stöd var viktiga faktorer för att utföra egenvård, men många patienter upplevde brist på stöd från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och att vården inte var personcentrerad. / Living with heart failure involves several different challenges because it is a serious diagnosis with many different symptoms that can limit everyday life. The treatment consists of several parts, including self-care, which is part of patient education. Self-care can give patients the opportunity to treat symptoms on their own and increase independence. The nurse can provide support in self-care by informing and motivating. The purpose of the study is to shed light on the patient's experience of self-care in heart failure. The method is a literature study with a focus on qualitative articles searched in CINAHL and MEDLINE. From there, nine articles were selected that answered the purpose. The results showed varied experiences of self-care that were based on the patient's characteristics. In order to carry out self-care, motivation was required which was designed in different ways. Having knowledge and support were important factors in carrying out self-care, but many patients experienced a lack of support from healthcare professionals and that the care was not person-centered.

Bakgrund: Post-strokedepression förekommer hos 33–40% av alla individer som drabbas av stroke och är ofta svår att diagnostisera. Depression som en vanlig konsekvens av en stroke kan vara svårt att upptäcka och går lätt obemärkt förbi. Sjuksköterskans kompetens inom detta område spelar en viktig roll för en snabbare identifiering av potentiell depression och är av avgörande betydelse för en effektiv behandling.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av post-strokedepression. Metod: För att uppnå detta mål genomförde författaren en litteraturöversikt av originalartiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar analyserades tematiskt för att extrahera eventuella centrala teman. Sökbegrepp och sökstrategi utformades enligt riktlinjer och format från kurslitteraturen. Noggranna urvalsförfaranden och kvalitetskontroller säkerställer att de erhållna metoderna följs. Tematisk analys baserades på Fribergs fyra steg.  Resultat: Patienternas upplevelser av post-strokedepression sammanställdes under fyra teman: fysisk begränsning, otillräcklighet och värdelöshet, social och emotionell isolering, rädsla och tacksamhet.  Slutsats: Depression är en vanlig följd av stroke hos vuxna patienter, och det påverkar ofta både deras psykologiska och fysiologiska välmående. För att minska risken för depression är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor tar hänsyn till och uppmärksammar de erfarenheter som strokepatienter genomgår. / Background: Poststroke depression occurs in 33–40% of all stroke victims and is often difficult to detect. The depression that is a common consequence of stroke is difficult to detect and easy to miss. Thenurse's level of knowledge in the field provides a faster identification of possible depression and is ofgreat importance for effective treatment. Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experiences of post-stroke depression. Method: To achieve this goal, the author conducted a literature review of original articles from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Both qualitative and quantitative articles are analyzed thematically to extract possible themes. The search engine and search logic are performed according to the course literature and format. Careful selection procedures and quality controls ensure that the methods obtained areadhered to. The themes is based on Friberg's four steps. Results: The patients' experiences of post-stroke depression were compiled under four themes: physical limitation, Inadequacy and worthlessness, social and emotional isolation, fear and gratitude. Conclusion: Depression is a common consequence of stroke in adult patients, and it often affects boththeir psychological and physiological well-being. In order to reduce the risk of depression, it is important that nurses take into account and pay attention to the experiences that stroke patients gothrough.

Introduction: The public often believes that ‘mentally ill’ individuals are more prone to dangerous and criminal behavior and more inclined towards gun violence. These misperceptions have negative consequences on justice-involved individuals with a mental illness who are reintegrating into society post-incarceration. Media is often cited as a reason for the spread of misperceptions, but these results may not apply to rural communities. Rather, in rural areas, social support is essential to success due to lack of modern technology, no/lacking public transportation, limited mental health services, employment opportunities, and available housing, and may play a more significant role in perception development. Misperceptions held by rural residents can exacerbate existing environmental barriers. Aims: This thesis examines how rural residents’ beliefs and perceptions regarding the association between mental illness and gun violence may be differentially impacted by: (1) media consumption, (2) social relationships, and (3) personal experiences. Method: 32 rural residents were recruited to participate in an open-ended qualitative interview. The qualitative interview examined the extent to which social relationships, personal experiences, and media consumption impacted development of beliefs and misperceptions regarding the association between mental illness and gun violence and beliefs about gun control. Analytical Plan: Using methods from both directed and traditional qualitative content analysis, codes were developed to analyze influential social relationships, personal experiences and media consumption on belief and perception development regarding mental illness and gun violence, along with gun control. These codes were then used to organize and analyze relevant aspects of participant interviews in order to create insight into emergent themes. Results: The most prominent emergent theme was idiosyncrasy, suggesting rural residents are a heterogeneous population. For example, participants reported that interpersonal contact both increased and decreased misperceptions, depending on the participant. While idiosyncrasies is a major thematic emergence, much more emerged beyond this. Participants displayed widely varying definitions of what a mental illness is, conflating mental illness with things such as mental retardation and lupus; this lack of an understanding of what a mental illness is, is reflected in another result – that misperceptions surrounding mental illness are prevalent in this rural sample. Participants also displayed distrust in the media and the way they portray mental illness and gun violence in particular. Other minor sub-themes and thematic emergences manifested within the data. Implications: The results of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the role of factors such as: misunderstandings of what mental illness is, the lack of a role of relationship closeness, and the importance of personal experience, and how these may promote or reduce misconceptions regarding gun violence and mental illness in rural communities. This expanded understanding allows for the development of effective, culturally competent psychoeducation targeted specifically towards rural residents, which will ideally be accomplished by incorporating the effects on (mis)perception development of the aforementioned influences. This is imperative, as findings in extant literature may be differentially relevant in rural communities.

Bakgrund: Plötslig oväntat hjärtstopp står för 15–20% av dödsfallen i västvärlden. Att drabbas av ett hjärtstopp innebär ett akut tillstånd för personen och kräver omedelbara åtgärder. De senaste decennierna syns en tydlig trend i att allt fler överlever hjärtstopp, detta på grund av ökad kunskap om hjärt- och lungräddning samt förbättrad sjukvård. Att överleva ett hjärtstopp innebär ofta fysiska, psykiska och existentiella svårigheter och det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har god kunskap och kompetens inom detta område för att kunna ge hjärtstoppsöverlevare en personcentrerad och bra vård.  Syfte: Att belysa personers upplevelser av att överleva ett hjärtstopp.  Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ design baserad på 9 kvalitativa studier från PubMed och CINAHL. Studierna analyserades med Fribergs femstegsmodell.  Resultat: I resultatet visade på två huvudkategorier: Att lära sig leva ett förändrat liv och betydelsen av information och stöd samt sju underkategorier. I resultatet framkom upplevelser av kaos, förvirring och minnesproblem vid uppvaknandet. Kroppsförändringar och psykiska svårigheter medförde att överlevarna var tvungna att anpassa sig till ett nytt liv. Rehabiliteringen var varierande och många önskade ett ökat stöd. Familjens roll blev central i återhämtningsprocessen.  Konklusion: Litteraturstudien betonar behovet av stöd för hjärtstoppsöverlevares fysiska, psykiska och existentiella utmaningar. Stödgrupper och anhöriga är väsentliga, och bristen på generella rutiner för rehabilitering och uppföljning riskerar att missa viktiga symtom. God vård kräver förståelse från sjuksköterskor och annan personal för överlevarens specifika utmaningar. / Background: Sudden cardiac arrest accounts for 15–20% of deaths in the Western world. Improved knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and improvements in healthcare have increased survival rates. However, surviving a cardiac arrest often entails physical, psychological, and existential challenges. Nurses need comprehensive knowledge to provide person-centered care to survivors.  Aim: To illuminate individuals experiences of surviving a cardiac arrest.  Methods: A literature review based on nine qualitative studies from PubMed and CINAHL. The studies were analyzed with Friberg’s five-step model.  Results: Two main categories emerged: "Learning to live a changed life" and "The importance of information and support," with seven subcategories. The result showed that experiences of chaos, confusion, and memory issues emerged upon awakening. Survivors had to adapt to new lives due to physical and psychological changes. Rehabilitation experiences varied, emphasizing the desire for increased support. Family played a central role in the recovery process.  Conclusion: The literature review emphasizes the need for support for cardiac arrest survivors, acknowledging their physical, psychological, and existential challenges. Support groups and family involvement are crucial, and the absence of standardized rehabilitation and follow-up procedures may overlook significant symptoms. Providing effective care requires healthcare professionals, including nurses, to comprehend the specific challenges faced by survivors.

Background: In the past ten years over one million people have immigrated to Sweden, which sets high demands on healthcare personnel. However, the healthcare still must consider the law about patient safety, which means that the healthcare must be carried out on the patient's terms. For this to work communication is necessary. An interpreter is therefor required.  Aim: To summarize previous research concerning the patient's experiences in the case of using of interpreter. Method: A literature study of ten scientific articles with qualitative design. The articles came from PubMed. Result: Analyses show that the patients experienced the use of interpreters differently and could be divided into four categories; patient participation, powerlessness, security and confidence and feelings of shame.  Conclusion: Concerning patients experiences when using an interpreter many patients focused on the interpreter's reception. An unexpected finding was feelings of shame in connection with interpreters, these feelings can be a barrier in the nurses aim to perform patient centered care. There is also a lack of research regarding patients' experiences in connection with interpreters, especially concerning long term care consequences.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Hjärtinfarkt är ett akut tillstånd och är den vanligaste enskilda orsaken till dödsfall i Sverige. Vid en hjärtinfarkt uppstår en syrebrist i hjärtmuskeln och omedelbar behandling krävs dock väljer många patienter att inte söka akut vård i tid. Kvinnors får atypiska symtom vilket kan bidra till en fördröjd vård.  Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse att drabbas av hjärtinfarkt. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats användes i resultatet.  Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att kvinnor ofta upplever diffusa och atypiska symtom, vilket ledde till en svårighet att associera symtomen till en hjärtinfarkt. Kvinnorna förminskade ofta symtomen i hopp om att dessa skulle försvinna och utövade många copingstrategier för att hantera symtomen. Kvinnorna väntade med att söka vård tills symtomen blev outhärdliga och blev då ofta uppmanade av anhöriga att söka vård. Många kvinnor upplevde en rädsla för att bli kallad hypokondriker vid uppsökande av vård. Resultatet beskrevs i fyra teman: Kvinnors upplevelse av symtom vid hjärtinfarkt, Kvinnors upplevelse av förnekelse/förminskning av symtomen vid hjärtinfarkt, Kvinnors upplevelse av oro och rädsla i samband med hjärtinfarkt och Kvinnors upplevelser och copingstategier som bidrog till en fördröjd vård. Slutsats: Kvinnor upplevde en svårighet att associera sina symtom till en hjärtinfarkt. Kvinnornas diffusa och otydliga symtom bidrog till en fördröjd vård. Kvinnorna upplevde en rädsla och oro att bli ignorerad och inte bli tagen på allvar av sjukvården i samband med hjärtinfarkten.    Nyckelord: Hjärtinfarkt, kvinnor, upplevelser. / Abstract Background: Myocardial infarction is an acute condition and the most common single cause of death in Sweden. In the event of a myocardial infarction, a lack of oxygen occurs in the heart muscle and immediate treatment is required, however, many patients choose not to seek emergency care in time. Women get atypical symptoms, which can contribute to delayed treatment. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe women's experience of suffering a myocardial infarction.Method: Descriptive literature study. Ten scientific articles with a qualitative approach were used in the result. Main Results: The result showed that women often experience diffuse and atypical symptoms, which led to a difficulty in associating the symptoms with a myocardial infarction. The women often downplayed the symptoms in the hope that they would go away and used many coping strategies to deal with the symptoms. The women waited to seek care until the symptoms became unbearable and were then often urged by relatives to seek medical care. Many women experienced a fear of being called a hypochondriac when seeking care. The results were described in four themes: Women's experience of symptoms during a myocardial infarction, Women's experience of denial/reduction of symptoms during a myocardial infarction, Women's experience of anxiety and fear associated with myocardial infarction and Women's experiences and copingstategies that contributed to delayed care.  Conclusion: Women experienced a difficulty in associating their symptoms with a myocardial infarction. The women's diffuse and unclear symptoms contributed to delayed care. The women experienced a fear and worry of being ignored and not being taken seriously by the healthcare system in connection with the myocardial infarction.     Keywords: Experiences, myocardial infarction, women

Most research in music education using the Communities of Practice (CoP) framework (Wenger, 1998) has focused on analyzing the creation or existence of a CoP. In contrast, this study used the CoP framework as a means to analyze and explore the potential of music education field experiences as boundary encounters—experiences where an individual engages with an unfamiliar CoP. The purpose of this descriptive collective case study was to investigate the tensions that occur at the boundary between music student and music teacher practices. Research questions explored (a) how undergraduate field experiences served as productive encounters for negotiating and exploring the boundary between music student and music teacher practices, (b) the tensions that occur at the boundary between music student and music teacher practices, (c) which boundary objects helped coordinate music student practices with music teacher practices, and (d) who acts as brokers at the periphery of music teacher practice, and how. Three undergraduate music education majors enrolled in a secondary music education methods course participated in this semester-long study. Analysis of interview transcripts, participant journals, course assignments, and observations revealed how undergraduate field experiences in this course served as productive encounters for negotiating the boundary between music student and music teacher practices. Practicum encounters and attendance at a professional arts conference provided the strongest opportunities to engage with the music teaching practice, whereas observations were less productive. Pursuant to Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner (2015), tensions were explored as learning assets. Findings highlight how the school check-in process, relationship with cooperating teachers, opportunities to participate, and lack of brokering generated tension for the participants. Further analysis revealed a general lack of boundary objects between practices and an absence of brokers beyond the university supervisor. Findings support the need for authentic field experiences, with sustained access to the CoP. Moreover, the identification of brokers to facilitate and coordinate these experiences emerged as paramount. Given the unique positionality of university supervisors, they appear ideally positioned to serve as brokers. Finally, results also offer insights into how the timing, type, and student placement in field experiences may impact their productiveness.