Diploma thesis is devoted to the issue of games in pedagogy, its philosophical basis and its role in language acquisition. It is divided into three parts. In the theoretical part, there is defined a game from the philosophical point of view and its understanding by various authors. The second part deals with the specifics of didactic and language game in general. The practical part brings the specific case of teaching a child who is a foreigner. It also expresses the contribution of such games in pedagogy and teaching the Czech language. Keywords: Language game, didactic game, Czech as a foreign language, child - foreigner, specific teaching methods.

JUHASOVÁ, P., Invertebrate Lectures And Their Use In Leisure Lessons. Master thesis. Praha: Charles univerzsity in Prague, Faculty of Education, 2016. 94 s. In this diploma thesis, practical tasks focused on invertebrate biology are presented. They are targeted for science hobby groups. Detailed instructions for experiments and observations as well as for capturing invertebrates can be found in this diploma thesis. There are described also long-term projects in the form of inquiry-based teaching tasks, construction of man-made outdoor insect nests (so-called "insect hostels") and also the indoor invertebrate keepings. The vast majority of tasks were tested in practice in two science hobby groups, attended by a total of 30 participants. The aim of these tasks is to increase the attractiveness and accessibility of natural science to a wider audience and improving its presentation, but also to arouse positive attitude to nature and all living creatures. Inspiration will be found there not only by leaders of natural science clubs, but also by teachers, who want to incorporate practical work with animals into teaching. Key words: invertebrates, experiment, observation, breeding, inquiry-based edusdion, IBE

Legal regulation of experimental animals handling This thesis deals with the legal regulation of experimental animals handling and their protection in international law, European union law and national law. Its goal is to complexly capture current legislation in this field, point out unsystematic or otherwise unsuitable institutes and propose means of their change. The core of the thesis is a description and an analysis of relevant parts of the Act on Animal Protection Against Cruelty, directives and regulations of the European Union and international treaties. Furthermore the thesis includes a treatise on the legal status of an animal, a brief introduction into ethical issues of animal experiments, historical evolution of relevant legal regulation and questions of administrative and criminal liability in the field of experimental animals handling.

This thesis explores how the aura of the artworks changes in the age of digital reproduction through the empirical experiments conducted in Uppsala Konstmuseum. By employing the definition of the aura given by Benjamin in The work of art in the age of the mechanical reproduction and The arcade project, this thesis conceptualizes the “aura” into eight dimensions and then operationalizes the eight dimensions in order to find whether audience’s evaluation of the artwork changes when they are given different stimulus in the control experiment. From the control experiment, the quantitative data will be obtained from a questionnaire and non-participant observation. The qualitative data will be obtained from the interviews. By also applying the simulacra theory of Baudrillard to the analysis part, this thesis finds that there exists a small difference in the perception of the aura between the people who see a digital copy and who see a real painting. The aura still has its power. However, such power is really weak, as many dimensions of the aura have been weakened by the digital simulacra. Through this study, I suggest the museums to take cautious steps to digitalize their artworks though there is no evidence that virtual museums can replace real museums.

The aim of this dissertation is to describe the role of educational strategy especially in field of the teaching of mathematics and to compare the mathematical problem solving strategies of primary school pupils which are taught by using different educational strategies. In the theoretical part, the main focus is on divergent educational strategies and their characteristics, next on factors affected teaching/learning process and finally on solving the problems. The empirical part of the dissertation explores the effect of educational strategy on problem solving strategies of third graders of primary school by using the method of experiment that includes a didactic test and interviews with selected pupils. The result of the dissertation is providing the evidence of influence of educational strategy on mathematical problem solving strategies. KEYWORDS Educational strategy, teacher, pupil, mathematical problem solving, experiment.

La gestion d'une ressource commune soulève souvent le problème de leur surexploitation qui aboutit en général à leur épuisement. Nous étudions dans ce travail l'impact de formation de coalition sur l'investissement dans la ressource commune. Nos premiers résultats viennent de la résolution du modèle d'investissement qu'on a modifié pour permettre la formation de coalition. L'optimum social est toujours dans la formation de la plus grande coalition, cependant l'équilibre de Nash dépend du nombre de joueurs dans le jeu. Nous avons choisi le cas pour lequel l'équilibre Nash et l'optimum social coïncident. Pour cet exemple nous démontrons que la formation de la plus grande coalition permet d'investir moins dans la ressource et garantit le gain total le plus. On montre aussi que toute formation autre que les cinq singletons est une amélioration par rapport au jeu standard. Les résultats expérimentaux viennent confirmer nos calculs théoriques. En effet les joueurs forment des coalitions et investissent moins dans la ressource. La structure de départ et la règle de décision d'investissement ne change pas le résultat final. / The management of commons pools resources raises the problem of their over-exploitation which degenerates in general into their exhaustion. We study the impact of coalition formation in the investment on common pool resource. Our first result from resolution of our model show that social optimum is always in the formation of the biggest coalition, however Nash equilibrium depend on number of player in the game. We choose case in which Nash equilibrium and social optimum coincide. For this example we demonstrate that in forming the biggest coalition we invest less in CPR and the total payoff is the greatest from all structure. We demonstrate also that comparing to the game without coalition formation (standard case) any structure other then singletons coalitions was an amelioration (less investment and greeter group payoff). Our first experiment with two treatments (veto & dictator) confirms our theoretical study : players form groups, decrease their investment in CPR and increase their payoff. The second experiment show that nether we change first group structure, the result is the same. We demonstrate also that decision rules don't affect final results.

The extended Kalman lter (EKF) has a long history in the field of non-linear tracking. More recently, statistically-based estimators have emerged that avoid the need for a deterministic linearisation process. The Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is one such technique that has been shown to perform favourably for some non-linear systems when compared to an EKF implementation, both in terms of accuracy and robustness. In this Thesis, the UKF is applied to a high energy physics particle tracking problem where currently the EKF is being implemented. The effects of measurement redundancy are investigated to determine improvements in accuracy of particle track reconstruction. The relationship between measurement redundancy and relative observability is also investigated through an experimental and theoretical analysis. Smoothing (backward filtering), in the high energy physics experiments, is implementedusing the Rauch Tung Striebel (RTS) smoother with the EKF , however, in Unscented Kalman filter algorithms, the Jacobian matrices required by the RTS method, are not available. The Unscented Rauch Tung Striebel (URTS) smoother addresses this problem by avoiding the use of Jacobian matrices but is not effi cient for large dimensional systems such as high energy physics experiments. A technique is implemented in the RTS smoother to make it suitable for the UKF. The method is given the name the Jacobian Equivalent Rauch Tung Striebel (JE-RTS) smoother. The implementation of this method is quite straight forward when the UKF is used as an estimator.

Problemformulering: Det är intressant att studera hur konsumenter upplever att förpackningar, som kan användas av alla, inriktas mot ett specifikt kön. Genom att studera detta kan vår normkritiska ansats ge fördjupad kunskap om genussegmentering på förpackningar.
Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån ett normkritiskt perspektiv undersöka hur visuella attribut på genussegmenterade förpackningar uppfattas av ett urval konsumenter. Vidare är syftet att få förståelse för vilka visuella attribut som representerar en genusinriktning på förpackningar.
Metod och material: Detta är en kvalitativ undersökning som består av en innehållsanalys, experimentell metod samt enkätundersökning. De material som bearbetades var; 100 stycken förpackningar inom innehållsanalysen; sex stycken fiktiva förpackningar som resulterade ur experimentell metod; samt 154 deltagare i enkätundersökningen.
Huvudresultat: Studiens huvudresultat landade i att färger styr förpackningens uppfattade representation. Vidare resulterade studiens genererade svar i att människor uppfattar förpackningars representation på olika sätt. Detta göra de utifrån egna åsikter och tolkningar inom meningsskapande.

Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Glynn Tonsor / Recent predictions estimate that the global population will reach more than 9 billion by the year 2050 (Kochhar, 2014). Coupled with this challenge, environmental issues and climate change influence agricultural production over the globe (Jacobsen et al., 2013). Changes in the food chain have been in response to consumers becoming interested in how their food is produced as it relates to food safety. Some of these changes have come in the form of labeling of production methods and the increasing volume of organic products in the marketplace. In the livestock sector, production methods include administration of antibiotics and hormones to prevent disease, increase gains and increase the health of animals (Allen et al., 2013; Thornton, 2010). A potential solution of decreasing the amount of antibiotics and hormones in the future is the use of ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi). RNA interference is a method of silencing a targeted gene and suppressing expression (Bradford et al., 2016). The focus of this research is to explore the determinants of acceptance and willingness to pay for beef products utilizing RNAi technology in the food system. Through the means of a national survey, consumers were asked their demographic, food purchasing habits, and food safety concerns to identify potential acceptors of the technology. Respondents received information treatments and external articles regarding RNAi technology as well as information about governmental labeling regulations of the beef steaks. Choice experiment questions, and a dichotomous choice sequence were utilized to determine willingness to pay estimates of beef steak attributes by consumers. Results showed that respondents likely require a discount for beef steaks produced with RNAi technology. In some instances, some consumers would be willing to pay a premium for beef steaks with RNAi in certain label settings. These results of this study could be used in the realm of animal science to help with the introduction of this technology in the food system. The survey results could assist with future promotion and framing of the technology to a wide variety of consumers.

This paper studies the contribution behavior and cooperation of subjects in different immigration situations via a dynamic public good game. This dynamic environment, in which a subject’s income at the end of the decision will become an endowment for the next decision, also offers an opportunity to study growth as measured by group income and inequality via the Gini coefficient. Overall, contribution does not converge to zero, nor does it decrease over time, and subjects are very contributive in nature. The best scenario to boost contributions among subjects is when immigrants reduce a subject’s income in the current period, but promise to increase growth in the future. In all treatments, inequality significantly increases over time for the unsuccessful group (below the median group income), while the successful group (above the median group income) mostly has lower inequality with a constant, or slightly increasing, trend. There is a positive relationship between growth and inequality in the treatment where immigrants have no impact on subjects’ income, and also where immigrants reduce subjects’ income without future promise. This positive relationship implies that the group growth can be achieved only with an increase in inequality (or less cooperation between subjects). However, a slightly negative relationship occurs in the scenario where the immigrants reduce subjects’ income in the current period, but promise to increase growth in the future. This negative relationship implies that group growth can be achieved without any inequality (or more cooperation between subjects). The overall findings in this paper provide insights into the contribution behavior and cooperation of subjects, when considering the different economic impacts of immigrants in their society.