A background investigation of the total-dose radiation tolerance of a third generation complementary SiGe:C BiCMOS technology platform was performed. Tolerance was quantified under proton and X-ray radiation sources for both the npn and pnp HBT, as well as for an operational amplifier built with these devices. Furthermore, a technique known as junction isolation radiation hardening was proposed and tested with the goal of improving the SEE sensitivity of the npn by reducing the charge collected by the subcollector in the event of a direct ion strike. Three independent systems were designed, including: 1) a charge amplification channel developed as part of a remote electronics unit for the lunar environment, 2) variable bias circuitry for a self-healing radar receiver, and 3) an ultra-fast x-ray detector for picosecond scale time-domain measurements of evolving chemical reactions. The first two projects capitalized on the wide-temperature performance and radiation tolerance of the SiGe HBT, allowing them to operate under extreme environmental conditions reliably and consistently. The third design makes use of the high-frequency capabilities of the HBT, particularly in emitter-coupled logic (ECL) configurations. Findings concerning the performance of these systems and implications for future research are discussed.

Extreme environments pose major obstacles for electronics in the form of extremely wide temperature ranges and hazardous radiation. The most common mitigation procedures involve extensive shielding and temperature control or complete displacement from the environment with high costs in weight, power, volume, and performance. There has been a shift away from these solutions and towards distributed, in-environment electronic systems. However, for this methodology to be viable, the requirements of heavy radiation shielding and temperature control have to be lessened or eliminated. This work gained new understanding of the best practices in analog circuit design for extreme environments. Major accomplishments included the over-temperature -180 C to +120 C and radiation validation of the SiGe Remote Electronics Unit, a first of its kind, 16 channel, sensor interface for unshielded operation in the Lunar environment, the design of two wide-temperature (-180 C to +120 C), total-ionizing-dose hardened, wireline transceivers for the Lunar environment, the low-frequency-noise characterization of a second-generation BiCMOS process from 300 K down to 90 K, the explanation of the physical mechanisms behind the single-event transient response of cascode structures in a 45 nm, SOI, radio-frequency, CMOS technology, the analysis of the single-event transient response of differential structures in a 32 nm, SOI, RF, CMOS technology, and the prediction of scaling trends of single-event effects in SOI CMOS technologies.

Les précipitations extrêmes en France sont responsables de phénomènes d'inondations entraînant la perte de vies humaines et des millions d'euros en dégâts matériels. Mesurer le risque associé à ces événements météorologiques rares fait appel à la théorie statistique des valeurs extrêmes, qui propose plusieurs approches permettant d'évaluer des scénarios catastrophes. Cette thèse s'intéresse en particulier à trois mesures de risque faisant intervenir à la fois des lois de probabilité jointes et des méthodes de prédiction spatiale liées à la géostatistique.Dans un premier temps, plusieurs modèles spatiaux de valeurs extrêmes construits sur des données de maxima annuels sont évalués dans une étude comparative sous la forme d'un article. La comparaison des méthodes est menée en se servant de simulations construites à partir de données réelles de maxima annuels de précipitations en France et porte sur des critères liés aux deux mesures de risque que sont le niveau de retour centennal et le coefficient extrémal.Un modèle en particulier, le processus max-stable et hiérarchique de Reich et Shaby (2012) est étudié en détail et fait l'objet d'une implémentation sous la forme d'un package R dédié à la simulation et à l'estimation par cette méthode.Dans un second temps, les données journalières dépassant un seuil élevé sont modélisées dans un cadre spatial dans le but d'estimer une probabilité d'échec conditionnelle. Plusieurs estimateurs de cette mesure sont proposés en se concentrant d'une part sur des méthodes paramétriques liées aux processus Pareto et d'autre part sur deux approches non paramétriques. Les méthodes sont construites de sorte que la dépendance temporelle observable dans les valeurs journalière soit prise en compte lors de l'estimation.Tout au long de la thèse, les méthodes développées sont appliquées sur des données journalières de précipitations en France / Extreme precipitation in France are responsible for flooding events that cause people's deaths and billions of euros in material damage. Measuring the risk associated to these rare meteorological events is possible thanks to the extreme value theory which allows the estimation of such catastrophic scenarios. This thesis focus on three risk measures involving joint probabilities and spatial prediction methods related to geostatistics.In a first time, several spatial models for extreme values built on annual maxima are evaluated in a comparative study in the form of an article. This comparison is performed using simulated data from real annual maxima of precipitation in France. It is also based on two criteria linked to risk measures: the hundred years return level and the extremal coefficient. One particular model is presented in details: the one of Reich and Shaby (2012). This model is implemented under a R package entirely dedicated to its estimation and simulation procedures.In a second time, exceedances of spatial daily data are modelled in order to estimate a conditional failure probability. Several estimators of this measure are proposed, based on the one hand on parametric methods involving Pareto processes and on the other hand on non parametric approaches. The temporal dependence in extremes is also considered with care when estimating this probability.Along this thesis, the methods are applied on daily data of precipitation in France

No description available.

Les bassins versants nord-méditerranéens sont fréquemment soumis à des crues extrêmes liées à des précipitations convectives intenses et aux caractéristiques hydrologiques locales. La région méditerranéenne est considérée comme une des régions les plus affectées par le réchauffement climatique, ce qui laisse présager des changements dans le cycle hydrologique. L’objectif de cette thèse CIFRE est d’évaluer les impacts du changement climatique sur les précipitations extrêmes à travers une méthode dite de « futurisation », dans laquelle une fonction de transfert est construite en comparant la distribution des quantiles de précipitations du climat présent et futur. Les impacts du changement climatique sur les précipitations extrêmes sont évalués à travers les simulations à haute résolution EMCORDEX. L’exercice se focalise sur le bassin versant de l’Orbieu dans le sud de la France. La méthode de futurisation est appliquée à six épisodes majeurs de précipitations ayant généré des crues éclair. Les impacts hydrologiques des équivalents statistiques futurs des épisodes de précipitations sont ensuite évalués à travers un modèle hydrologique évènementiel conceptuel. Une estimation des changements d’humidité du sol liés au changement climatique est réalisée et couplée à la quantification des impacts hydrologiques. Le choix d’une modélisation hydrologique conceptuelle a été motivé par ses futures applications opérationnelles. Les conséquences de ce choix sont évaluées à travers une comparaison avec un modèle hydrologique à base physique. Ce dernier est mis en place grâce à une caractérisation du fonctionnement hydrologique du bassin versant de l’Orbieu appuyée par plusieurs campagnes de terrain. / Northern mediterranean meso-scale river catchments are submitted to extremes floods events linked to intense convective precipitation and local hydrologic features. The Mediterranean region is known to be one of the most affected areas by global warming, and it is likely that changes can be expected in the hydrological cycle. The aim of this CIFRE thesis is to assess the climate change impacts on extreme precipitation events using a so-called “futurization” method, in which a transfer function is built by comparing the quantiles of distribution for both present and future climate precipitation. The climate change impact on extreme precipitation events is assessed over high-resolution EMCORDEX simulations. The focus is on the Orbieu catchment located in southwestern France. The futurization method is applied to six major events of precipitation that trigger flash floods. The hydrological impacts of those future statistical counterpart precipitation events are therefore assessed through a conceptual event-based hydrological model. An assessment of soil moisture changes under climate change is performed and coupled to the hydrological impact quantification. The conceptual hydrological model chosen, have been motivated by its future operational applications. The consequences of that choice are assessed through a comparison to a physically based hydrological model. It has been implemented through the hydrological functioning caracterisation of the Orbieu catchment supported by several field campaigns.

<p>Att sätta sig in i system kan vara krångligt utan rätt sorts dokumentation. Vi har undersökt vilken dokumentation som kan vara lämplig att lämna över till nya utvecklare, som ska arbeta vidare med systemet i software maintenance fasen.</p><p>Det har gjorts genom att vi har gjort en litteraturstudie om dokumentation samt undersökt vad för dokumentationsartefakter som används när man ska sätta sig in i datorsystem. Vi använde eXtreme Programming för att utveckla ett system som vi försökte dokumentera samtidigt som vi utvecklade det.</p><p>eXtreme Programming förordar muntlig kommunikation, vilket är svårt att lämna över till nya utvecklare. Vi upptäckte under vår utveckling att det var svårt att föra in dokumentation sam-tidigt som utvecklandet pågick,  därför använde vi bara enhetstester och  strukturerade kod-kommentarer under utvecklingsiterationerna.</p><p>Vi undersökte hur dokumentationen som skapats fungerade genom att göra en undersökning bestående av strukturerade intervjuer där de fick komma med kommentarer om hur dokumen-tationen hjälpte förståelsen för systemet.</p><p>Vi lämnar ifrån oss en vidareutveckling  av eXtreme Programming  som innefattar en doku-mentationsiteration  innan överlämnandet  samt en studie om vad för dokumentation som är värdefull att ha vid systemöverlämningar.</p> / <p>Understanding systems can be a tough task without the right sort of documentation. We have examined the documentation artifacts which may be appropriate to hand over to new develop-ers, who will continue working with the system during the software maintenance phase.</p><p>By doing a literature review on documentation and examined what documentation artifacts is used when you want to  understand a computer system. We used the eXtreme Programming system development methodology to develop a system that we tried to document as we devel-oped it.</p><p>eXtreme Programming favors oral communication, but that is hard to hand over to new devel-opers. We discovered during our development that it was difficult to introduce documentation while the development process was going on so we only used structured code comments and unit testing during the development iterations</p><p>We examined how the documentation that was created worked by doing a survey consisting of structured interviews where the respondents made comments about if and how the documen-tation improved their understanding of the system.</p><p>We pass on an evolved eXtreme Programming system development methodology, which in-cludes a standalone documentation iteration before the handover, and a study of what kind of documentation that is valuable to have when transferring systems to new developers.</p>

Extreme rainfall statistics are important for the design and management of the water resource infrastructure. The standard approach for extreme rainfall event severity assessment is the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) method. However, this approach does not consider the spatial context of rainfall and consequently does not properly describe rainfall storm severity, nor rarity. This study provides a critical account of the current standard practice and presents an approach that takes into consideration both the spatial context of rainfall storms, and indirectly incorporates runoff to produce a representative approach to assessing urban rainfall storm severity in terms of flood potential. A stepwise regression analysis was performed on a dataset of individual rainfall storm characteristics to best represent documented basement floodings in the City of Edmonton. Finally, the urban rainfall storm flood severity index was shown to be most representative of the documented basement floodings' severity when compared to that of the IDF method.

Extreme rainfall statistics are important for the design and management of the water resource infrastructure. The standard approach for extreme rainfall event severity assessment is the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) method. However, this approach does not consider the spatial context of rainfall and consequently does not properly describe rainfall storm severity, nor rarity. This study provides a critical account of the current standard practice and presents an approach that takes into consideration both the spatial context of rainfall storms, and indirectly incorporates runoff to produce a representative approach to assessing urban rainfall storm severity in terms of flood potential. A stepwise regression analysis was performed on a dataset of individual rainfall storm characteristics to best represent documented basement floodings in the City of Edmonton. Finally, the urban rainfall storm flood severity index was shown to be most representative of the documented basement floodings' severity when compared to that of the IDF method.

The Ph.D. thesis deals with extreme wind gust analysis over the area of the Czech Republic. The first part of the thesis deals with processing of wind measurements, in particular maximum wind gusts measurements. Analysis of high-frequency wind measurement using 3-D sonic anemometer on the Kopisty station is included. Homogenization of the highest daily wind gusts was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis of measured wind gust values was performed. The following part of the thesis describes statistical theory of extreme values and discusses its applicability to wind gust data. Some theoretical findings were obtained. Numerous numerical experiments were performed focused on evaluation of proposed method. In the last part of the thesis station measurements were processed using the proposed methods and a model of dependence between extreme and mean wind climate was derived. The model was applied to the map of mean wind climate calculated earlier on the Institute of Atmospheric Physics and thus a map of extreme wind climate was obtained. The accuracy of this map was estimated. The map was compared with other maps of extreme wind calculated by other authors earlier.

Die vorliegende Ausgabe beschäftigt sich mit der Entschleunigung von Konsum- und Unternehmens-prozessen. Entschleunigung ist ein aktuelles Thema in der Wissenschaft, dem immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird. Umwelt und Bevölkerung können einer stetigen Beschleunigung nicht unbegrenzt standhalten, so dass eine gegenläufige Entwicklung auf Dauer unvermeidlich ist. Doch in welcher Form haben sich Aspekte der Entschleunigung bisher sowohl in Unternehmen als auch bei Individuen etablieren können? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, kommen in dieser Arbeit unterschiedliche empirische Methoden zur Anwendung. Mit Hilfe eines Experiments, durchgeführt mit Studenten der Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der TU Dresden, wird dabei die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Entschleunigung innerhalb der Bevölkerung untersucht. Zur weiteren empirischen Überprüfung des Kenntnisstan-des und Verbreitungsgrades des Themas Entschleunigung werden zwei Fragebögen, welche sich zum Zeitpunkt des Entstehens dieser Arbeit im Stadium des Pre-Tests befinden, entwickelt und im Rahmen dieser Arbeit vorgestellt und ausgewertet. Die Abfrage des Themas Entschleunigung erfolgt dabei über die Betrachtung verschiedener Sichtweisen (Unternehmens-, Kunden-, Mitarbeiter- und Gesundheitssicht), zu denen einleitend theoretische Grundlagen gelegt werden. Als konkretes Beispiel für eine mögliche Umsetzung von Entschleunigung wird für die IT-Branche das Extreme Programming vorgestellt, welches versucht, neue Wege in der Softwareentwicklung zu gehen. Innerhalb einer Fallstudie werden abschließend Netzwerke in der freien Marktwirtschaft und ihre möglichen Beiträge zur Entschleunigung untersucht.