Studier visar att våldsbejakande extremism (VBE) är ett samhällsaktuellt område. Socialtjänstens uppdrag är att bedriva ett förebyggande arbete för att främja ungas utveckling och välmående. Studiens syfte är att undersöka socialarbetares uppfattningar om socialtjänstens arbete med våldbejakande extremism i förhållande till unga/unga vuxna. Frågeställningarna utgår från tre huvudteman: förbyggande strategier, kunskap och metoder samt etiska dilemman som socialarbetaren kan ställas inför i arbetet med unga/unga vuxna inom VBE-miljö. I studien intervjuades sex informanter, alla med en akademisk utbildning och mer än tio års erfarenhet av socialt arbete. Med socialt arbete menas att informanterna arbetar utifrån socialtjänstens ansvarsområde och anställda på olika positioner inom kommunen. Samtliga informanter har erfarenhet av arbete med unga/unga vuxna inom området våldsbejakande extremism. I studiens kvalitativa metod genomfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer och den insamlade empirin analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analysmetod. Med stöd av teoretiska begrepp hämtat från preventionsteorier samt teoretiskt begrepp om etiska dilemman i det sociala arbetet analyserades resultatet. Studiens resultat visar att det krävs kunskaper i socialt arbete med unga/unga vuxna men att det även krävs kunskaper om VBE-miljöer och det behövs en samsyn inom arbetet med VBE på nationell och lokal nivå. Resultatet visar på upplevda etiska svårigheter både från ett demokratiskt, professionellt och privat perspektiv i arbetet med unga/unga vuxna inom en VBE-miljö. Slutligen visar studien att tydliga riktlinjer i arbetet med VBE på en nationell nivå kan skapa förutsättningar även på en lokal nivå, genom att intensifiera arbetet med att förhindra att unga/unga vuxna söker sig till våldsbejakande extremism.

Dissertation｜2460442M Abstract The discourses structuring news coverage of terrorist attacks influence our understanding of the nature, drivers and severity of the threat emanating from a specific extremist actor category. Therefore, they are a powerful tool to further socio-political goals. Acknowledging the role of language in shaping reality, this dissertation project uses Critical Discourse Analysis/Critical Discourse Studies to reveal current discursive trends in the understudied coverage of Islamist and right-wing extremist attacks in the Swiss press. With the dominant social factor distinguishing the two extremist categories being ethnicity, it hypothesises that Western media discourses reflect the presuppositions of Orientalism and Critical Race Theory. Both theories expect texts to express, enact and legitimise social hierarchies based on racial affinity to solidify the supremacy of the white elite. The exemplarily analysis of the reporting of two recent extremist incidents by three newspapers representing political perspectives from the right-wing to the left-wing shows that while the Swiss press is indeed influenced by and reproduces racial inequalities, publications do so to a varying degree.

The Graduation work "Coherence between social environment and conversion to extremism" sets forth an insight into the issue of extremism and socially excluded locations.The aim of the work was to find relations between these two notions. The extremist scene in the Czech Republic was described in details as well as the crime connected to extremism, and psychological expert account of extremist crime perpetrators. Further, the situation of socially excluded locations was introduced, their increase within recent years, and especially problems of children growing up in these locations. Also were mentioned possible mental deprivations, which may occur at children from these location. In the practical part, 37 directed interviews were carried out with Czech extremist parties (both right and left - wing) members. Based on these interviews a conclusion was reached, whether life in socially excluded location may influence an individual's eventual conversion to extremism.

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This thesis sets out to examine how teachers in RE reflect and respond to religious students' questions and statements about religion and violent religious extremism by interviewing three teachers workning in so called particularily deprived areas in the outskirts of Malmö, Göteborg and Stockholm. In these areas there have been several cases of citizens leaving the country to travel to areas of conflict and war, most recently to the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq. With this “backdrop”, it is this study's aim to examine and explore what didactic strategies the teachers employ when engaging with religious, primarily muslim students within a secular, non confessional and compulsory RE. The study shows that the teachers' own religiosity and attitude towards the relationship between religion and secular society is crucial to their didactical approaches. This raises questions about what role the teacher plays in didactics, where a sole focus on the interplay between student and content/lesson material seems insufficient.

This dissertation addresses the question how democracies defend themselves from political parties and groups which profess antidemocratic values and use violence as one of the means to achieve their goals. In particular this dissertation analyses the range of formal-legal measures and provisions that democracies have at their disposal to constrain their non-democratic groups and political parties, looking at eight advanced European democracies Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These measures and provisions are identified in constitutional documents, civil law, criminal law, in electoral laws, and other pertinent legal sources passed by the legislature and issued by courts of these countries, pertaining to the regulation of political freedoms, public order, and homeland security. On this basis, the thesis provides an encompassing and systematic assessment of differences and similarities between these democracies and thereby assesses their relative formal-legal democratic defensiveness.

The aim of this thesis, focusing on the Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime, is to provide a comprehensive analysis of this kind of criminality in the Czech Republic from the criminological point of view. The work is divided into six chapters. The first of which introduces the topic and presents the definition of this kind of criminality and its close connection with extremist criminality. This activity is characterised by hate motivation against a group or an individual because of their real or presumed race, colour, religion, national origin or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or disability. The chapter also deals with the development of the hate crime concept, typology of criminal activity based on the committed type of crime or motivation and particular criminal acts occurring in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is focused on extremism and illegal activities of the members of this scene which attack the democratic system and are capable of jeopardizing it. In addition, it examines kinds of extremism, related ideologies and the Czech situation. The criminological part of the thesis, starting in the third chapter, begins with the phenomenology of hate crime, presenting the state of this criminality in the Czech Republic, comparing it to the previous years and elaborating on the types...

The aim of the thesis on the topic of Criminological aspects of hate crime is to comprehensively cover the issue of this particular crime in the Czech Republic, its specifics and differences from other types of crime. The work is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is introductory and gives the explanation of the concept of hate crimes, its characteristics and division. This chapter also contains analysis of the crimes, where the motive consisting of racial, ethnic, religious and other hatred is a sign of a basic or skilled fact in issue. In the second chapter there are terms extremism, racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, nationalism, terrorism, their definition and division discussed in more detail. Chapter Three and Chapter Four are focused on the offenders and victims of hate crimes. They concentrate primarily on how are the offenders and victims of these crimes distinguished from the offenders and victims of "normal" crimes. The fifth chapter explains the most common form of commission, the most common objects and offenders of hate crimes. The sixth chapter describes the causes of hate crimes, i.e. prejudices, stereotypes, social and economic situations. Chapter Seven is devoted to the development and situation on the Czech extremist scene. Chapter Seven describes the most important...

The aim of this master's degree thesis on the topic of the Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime is to offer a comprehensive perspective on hate crime from the criminological point of view. The first chapter is introductory and concerns itself with the phenomenon of hate crime in general. It deals with the theoretical definition of hate crime, its specific characteristics that distinguish it from other types of crime and it also includes a typology of hate crimes. Subsequently, it focuses on the international, European and Czech substantive legal regulation. The second chapter concerns itself with the related term of extremism. It defines the main ideas and manifestations of right wing and left wing extremism and it also focuses on the current situation and extremist scene in the Czech Republic. During the examination of the right wing political extremism, the terms of racism, nationalism, ethnocentrism and xenophobia are explained. Then, religious extremism and terrorism are briefly described. Finally, the last subchapter deals with the etiology of extremism. The core of this thesis lies in its third chapter that concerns itself with hate crimes from the criminological perspective and examines phenomenology, etiology and control of this criminality. The phenomenological subchapter focuses on the...

On the 22nd of July 2011, Norwegian lone actor Anders Behring Breivik decided tocarry out his life mission; a mission, which resulted in two separate terrorist attackskilling 77 individuals linked to the Norwegian Labour Party. The attacks directlycontributed to launch the second violence wave of the modern right-wing extremistmovement, turning it into the most violent movement of today in Western Europe. Theyalso contributed to establish Breivik as a template and a hero for many of theindividuals active in the right-wing extremist movement, making other right-wing loneactors follow Breivik's methods and committing crimes in the name of the sameideology as him. But which specific moral arguments did Breivik use in order to justifyand promote "his" ideology, and beyond that, his crime? In order to answer thatquestion, in this thesis, Breivik's manifesto was analysed using the situational actiontheory as a moral base. A simple discourse analysis framed by the intersectionalperspective was used as a method, and the analysis resulted in three main themes -Ethnicity, Religion, and Gender - as well as six sub-themes that highlighted the fight-forand the fight-against dimensions of each theme. In the discussion, the violent languageand the hierarchical order of the themes were examined, which demonstrated that acriminological perspective is needed when the connection between ideology and crimeis to be understood. The thesis was thereafter concluded with the notion that ideologyneeds to be seen as an independent risk factor in order for these types of crimes to beprevented. / <p>2016-06-01</p>