Nous étudions l'influence de différents attributs audiovisuels sur l'exploration visuelle de scènes naturelles dynamiques. Nous démontrons que si la façon dont nous explorons une scène dépend avant tout de son contenu visuel, dans certaines situations le son influence significativement les mouvements oculaires. La présence de son assure une meilleure cohérence entre les positions oculaires de différents observateurs, attirant leur attention et donc leur regard vers les mêmes régions. L'effet du son se retrouve tout particulièrement dans les scènes de conversation, où la présence du signal de parole associé augmente le nombre de fixations sur le visage des locuteurs, et donc la cohérence entre les scanpaths. Nous proposons un modèle de saillance audiovisuelle repérant automatiquement le visage des locuteurs afin d'en rehausser la saillance. Ces résultats s'appuient sur les mouvements oculaires de 148 participants enregistrés sur un total de plus de 75 400 frames (125 vidéos) dans 5 conditions expérimentales différentes. / We study the influence of different audiovisual features on the visualexploration of dynamic natural scenes. We show that, whilst the way a person explores a scene primarily relies on its visual content, sound sometimes significantly influences eye movements. Sound assures a better coherence between the eye positions of different observers, attracting their attention and thus their gaze toward the same regions. The effect of sound is particularly strong in conversation scenes, where the related speech signal boosts the number of fixations on speakers' faces, and thus increases the consistency between scanpaths. We propose an audiovisual saliency model able to automatically locate speakers' faces so as to enhance their saliency. These results are based on the eye movements of 148 participants recorded on more than 75,400 frames (125 videos) in 5 different experimental conditions.

O presente trabalho tem por proposta analisar o discurso formulado por um expresidente que pretende reconstruir sua imagem abalada em decorrência do impeachment que sofreu. Ao considerarmos um encontro social, em que os interlocutores interagem face a face, observamos que o interactante procura articular estratégias interacionais, a fim de preservar sua face e protegê-la de eventuais ameaças; ao mesmo tempo, coordena estratégias argumentativas com o intuito de interferir na concepção inicial que seus interlocutores possuem a respeito de sua imagem. Para atingirmos nossos objetivos, consideramos, da Sociolingüística Interacional, as teorias de preservação de faces abordadas por Goffman (1974) e, ao levarmos em conta que estratégias argumentativas também colaboram para a reconstrução da imagem, recorremos aos pressupostos da Teoria da Argumentação, segundo estudos de Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2002). Com base nesses estudos, partimos para a aplicação dos conceitos em um corpus constituído por uma entrevista televisiva, transmitida pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT), em agosto de 1998, no \"Programa Livre\", em que o ex-presidente Fernando Collor de Melo é entrevistado por estudantes de ensino médio e cursinho. O corpus foi gravado e transcrito de acordo com as normas publicadas pelo Projeto da Norma Urbana Culta - NURC-SP. / This paper has the purpose of analyzing the discourse delivered by a former president that plans to rebuild his image, since it was shattered as a result of an impeachment sustained by him. Upon considering a social gathering, in which the interlocutors interact face to face, we have noted that the interacting person tries to coordinate interactional strategies in order to preserve his face and protect it against any threats; at the same time, he organizes strategic arguments for the purpose of interfering with the initial assumption that his interlocutors have made in regard to his image. To achieve our goals, we have used, from the Interactional Sociolinguistics, the theory of faces\' preservation as approached by Goffman (1974) and, by taking into account that strategic arguments too cooperate for the reconstruction of the image, we have relied on the assumptions of the Argumentation Theory, according to studies by Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2002). With basis on this information, we set out to apply the concepts in a corpus made up by a television interview broadcast by SBT, a television network, in August 1998, in the \"Programa Livre\" talk show, in which former President Fernando Collor de Melo was interviewed by high school students. The corpus was recorded and transcribed according to the rules published by Urban Educated Norm Project - NURC - SP

Na constante busca de novas estratégias para melhorar a atividade catalítica, foi que a começos do século passado, a síntese de nanopartículas de formato controlado, tornou-se em um dos acontecimentos que revolucionaram a abordagem catalítica da Química, criando assim a linha da nanociência, onde com a síntese de nanopartículas de formato ao nível nano, é possível controlar as propriedades catalíticas dos materiais a nível macroscópico. O presente trabalho apresenta, a síntese de nanopartículas de óxido cuproso (NPs-Cu2O) com faces cristalográficas controladas. Foi possível sintetizar estruturas cúbicas, esféricas, e octaédricas, sendo os cubos e octaedros os que possuem faces cristalográficas de tipo (100) e (111), respectivamente. Entretanto, as esferas possuem uma mistura entre ambas das faces. As propriedades catalíticas das NPs-Cu2O foram testadas eletroquimicamente mediante uma reação modelo de detecção de glicose. As NPs-Cu2O, foram sintetizadas em médio básico com cloreto de cobre (CuC12) como percursor, posteriormente com concentrações diferentes de cloridrato de hidroxilamina (NH2OHoHCI) foram obtidas NPs-Cu2O com estrutura cúbica, octaédrica e esférica. Posteriormente, foram imobilizadas numa superfície de eletrodo de carbono vítreo, mediante a técnica de casting. A oxidação catalítica da glicose, permitiu observar que o desempenho da estrutura cúbica fossesuperior, com uma sensibilidade de 442 ± 7 µA mM-1 cm-2, enquanto as estruturas esféricas e octaédricas foram de 165 ± 3 µA mM-1 cm-2 e 38 ± 1 µA mM-1 cm-2, respectivamente. Seguido as NPs-Cu2O, foram testadas na presença de Ácido Ascórbico (AA) e Ácido Úrico (UA), foi observado que os cubos possuem uma seletividade única, comparada com as outras estruturas. Dito comportamento foi estudado com Analise computacional (DFT), onde foi possível de observar que a distribuição entre átomos de Cobre e Oxigênio, determina a seletividade do material. Numa segunda etapa, para entender a importância da conservação estrutural e integridade morfológica, foram testadas as NPs-Cu2O, aos diferentes dias após de ser sintetizadas, observando claramente uma relação entre estrutura e atividade catalítico. Foi observado que nas estruturas cúbicas o deterioro foi maior em comparação com as outras estruturas, isto acompanhado mediante DFT, foi determinado que estrutura cúbica apresenta uma maior interação com o oxigênio, provocando assim, que a rápida transformação de Cu(I) para Cu(II), como CuO. Por último as NPs-Cu2O, foram testadas por espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios X (XPS), este analise ajudou a compreender que o desempenho catalítico, não estava relacionado com a formação de Cu (III). Estes resultados foram apoiados pelos resultados obtidos pela espectroscopia de infravermelho in situ (FTIR), já que nessa análise foi possível de observar como o estabilizante (SDS), foi determinante em cada estrutura. / In the constant search for new strategies by advance of catalytic activities, was that at the beginning of the last century the synthesis of nanoparticles in a controlled format, became one of the events that revolutionized the catalytic approach of Chemistry, thus creating a line of nanoscience, where with the synthesis of nanoparticles of format at the nano level, it is possible to control catalytic properties of materiais at the macroscopic level. Consequently, the present work the synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O-NPs), with crystallography faces welldefined. It was possible synthesize cubic, spherical and octahedral structure, the cubes and octahedrons being those having crystallographic faces of type (100) and (111), respectively. Meanwhile, the spheres have a mixture between both faces. The catalytic properties of Cu2O-NPs were electrochemically tested by a model glucose detection reaction. The Cu2O-NPs were synthetized in basic solution with cooper chlorate (CuCl2) like precursor, after with different concentration of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH· HCl) were obtain cubic, spheres and octahedral structure. Posteriorly, were immobilized in a glassy carbon surface, through the technique of casting. The catalyst oxidation of glucose allowed observe that the performance of cubic structure was superior, with a sensibility of 442 ± 7 µA mM-1 cm-2, while the spheres and octahedral structure were 165 ± 3 µA mM-1 cm-2 e 38 ± 1 µA mM-1 cm-2, respectively. Following the Cu2O-NPs, they were tested in the presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) and Uric Acid (UA), it was observed that the cubes have a unique selectivity compared to the other Cu2O-NPs structure. This behavior was studies with com putational analysis (DFT), where it was possible to observed that the distribution between copper and oxygen atoms determines the selectivity of material. In a second step, to understand the importance of structure conservation and morphological integrity, Cu2O-NPs were tested at different days after being synthesized, noting clearly a relation between structure and catalytic activity. It was observed that cubic structure the deterioration was greater in comparation with the other structures, this being accompanied by DFT, it was determinate that cubic structure show a greater interaction with the oxygen, thus provoking that rapid transformation of Cu (I) to Cu(II), like CuO. Finally, the Cu2O-NPs were tested by x-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), this analysis helped to understand the catalytic activity was not related to Cu (III) formation. These results were supported by those obtained by in situ (FTIR), since in this analysis it was possible to observe how the stabilizer (SDS) was determinant in each structure.

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Human social status has long been of interest to evolutionary and social psychologists. The question of who gets to control resources and be a leader has garnered a lot of attention from these and other fields, and this thesis examines evidence for there being two different mechanisms of achieving high status, and their correlates. The mechanisms are 1) Dominance: being aggressive, manipulative and forcing others to follow you, and 2) Prestige: possessing qualities which make others freely follow you. Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter in which I explain selection pressures, group formation, and the need for social hierarchies; I then describe the two proposed methods of attaining social status and how facial characteristics can give clues as to an individual’s social status. In Chapter 2, my first experimental chapter, I examined how faces created to appear either high in dominance or high in prestige were judged with respect to those traits as well as personality characteristics. Taking this further, in Chapter 3, I looked at how natural variation in real faces would reflect differences in other- and self-perceived ratings of dominance and prestige. Chapter 4 served to examine whether, given a set of words related to social status, I would find differences in what words were placed into dominant or prestige categories. Findings within these chapters are consistent with dominance and prestige being separable methods of attaining high status, from differences in facial appearance (Chapter 2 and 3), to personality characteristics (Chapter 2), to word usage (Chapter 4). Once I had established that these were two distinct routes to achieving high status, I chose to focus on dominance in Chapter 5 and explored the conceptual relationships between dominance and facial expressions. I found that manipulating perceptions of dominance affected how intense expressions of anger, sadness, and fear were perceived (Chapter 5). As there has been a paucity of research in the area of women’s social status, in Chapter 6, I went on to explore what effects cosmetics use in women would have on their perceived social status. I found differences in how men and women perceived women wearing cosmetics, which again points to a distinction between dominance and prestige. My thesis then presents a broad view of the two different mechanisms for attaining high status. Using new methods not otherwise used in exploring dominance and prestige I was able to explore correlates and indicators, as well as perceptions of both strategies. These findings will allow us to determine who might be capable of attaining social status, which of the two methods they might use, as well as what implicit associations we hold about each. They will also open doors for future research into the two strategies, and even help interpret previous research, as many previous studies simply relate to high status and do not distinguish between dominance and prestige.

The thesis is focused on the development of JSF framework providing components for complex data visualizations. Its objective consists of the implementation of the API for creating JSF components rendering complex charts based on the JavaScript library C3.js and subsequent implementation of a set of chart components using this API. The contribution of this thesis is a library providing a tool for creating new JSF components based on C3.js together with a set of ready to use components. It begins with research of relevant JSF libraries, following with API analysis and design. Based on that is API implemented, in which a component set is then created. As a part of this work is a user guide, API reference guide and presentation web of implemented components.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate relations between aspects of cognitive control and emotion in typically developing children, 7 to 9 years of age. This was investigated by examining performance on n-back working memory tasks that varied according to the level of cognitive control and emotion (e.g., faces, reward value) processing required. Relations between n-back performance and parental questionnaires of behavior were also examined. Participants & Methods: Participants included 77 typically developing children, 7 to 9 years of age. Each participant completed two novel n-back tasks. The first task involved working memory (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back levels) for emotional faces (neutral, happy, sad). The second task involved working memory (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back levels) for number stimuli with differing levels of reward (two tokens, six tokens). Matrix Reasoning was also completed as a screening measure of cognitive function. Parents completed a Child History questionnaire, the BRIEF, Conners 3 AI-Parent, and the Emotion Questionnaire. iv Results: No significant main effect was found for emotive content of stimuli or reward value. A significant effect of n-back level was found, both in terms of per hit RT and accuracy rates for both Emotive and Reward n-back. Significant relations were found between age and Sad conditions on 1-back and 2-back of the Emotive n-back, as well as 2-back conditions in the Reward n-back. No relations were found between BRIEF scales and performance on either n-back task. Significant correlations were found between Emotionality and accuracy measures of the Reward n-back task. Conclusions: This study made several important contributions to understanding emotion and cognitive control interplay. These contributions include introducing novel tasks for assessing this interplay, and providing insight on developmental relations and interaction between emotion and working memory and individual differences in emotionality in day to day life. Results are discussed with respect to theories of emotional and cognitive control interplay, temperament and individual differences, and the development of cognitive control. Directions for future research and implications are discussed.

The focus of this diploma thesis is a development of advanced web application for. The purpose of the application is extended .docx files management including import, editing, storage and creating new documents. The development comprises analysis, setting the requirements for the application, analysis of the Java Enterprise Edition and Office Open XML standard for the .docx file format. The thesis further deals with design, implementation and testing the application.

L'identification des visages est primordiale lors de nos interactions sociales. Ainsi, notre comportement change suite à l'identification de la personne avec laquelle nous interagissons. De plus, les travaux en psychologie et en neurosciences ont observé que le traitement cognitif face à un visage familier diffère de celui que nous avons face à un visage inconnu.D'une autre part, les dernières techniques de rendu 3D et les dernières avancées des scans 3D ont permis la création de visages virtuels photo-réalistes modélisant des personnes réelles existantes. La tendance actuelle pour modéliser des humains virtuels est de se baser sur des techniques d'acquisition de données réelles (issues de scans et de sessions de capture de mouvement). Par conséquent, les recherches et applications en humains virtuels ont connu un intérêt croissant pour ces clones virtuels (des agents ayant un aspect familier ou du moins reconnaissable). Les clones virtuels sont donc de plus en plus répandus dans des interfaces homme-machine et dans l'industrie audio-visuelle.L'étude de la perception et de l'interaction avec des clones virtuels est donc devenue nécessaire pour appréhender la conception et l'évaluation de cette technologie. En effet, très peu d'études se sont penchées sur l'évaluation de la fidélité de ces clones virtuels. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à explorer cet axe de recherche en examinant le processus de perception de la fidélité d'un visage virtuel, clone d'une personne réelle (que l'on connait ou non).Nos travaux répondent à plusieurs questions de recherche: Quels sont les éléments qui nous permettent d'évaluer la ressemblance du clone virtuel avec son référent? Parmi les multiples possibilités de techniques de rendu, d'animation et d'acquisition de données qu'offre l'informatique graphique, quelle est la meilleure combinaison pour assurer le plus haut degré de fidélité perçue ? L'apparence visuelle n'est cependant qu'une des composantes qui interviennent dans la reconnaissance de personnes familières. Les autres composantes comprennent ainsi l'expressivité mais aussi le traitement des connaissances que nous avons sur cette personne (par exemple sa manière particulière d'évaluer une situation émotionnelle et de l'exprimer via son visage).Nos contributions apportent des éléments de réponse à ces questions à plusieurs niveaux. Nous avons défini un cadre conceptuel identifiant les principaux concepts pertinents pour l'étude de la fidélité d'un visage virtuel. Nous avons aussi étudié l'aspect visuel de la fidélité à travers l'exploration de différentes techniques de rendu. Nous avons étudié dans une autre étape l'impact de la familiarité dans le jugement de la fidélité. Finalement, nous avons proposé un modèle informatique individuel basé sur une approche cognitive des émotions qui permet de guider l'animation expressive du clone virtuel.Ces travaux de thèse ouvrent des perspectives pour la conception et l'amélioration de clones virtuels, mais aussi plus généralement des interfaces homme-machine basées sur des agents expressifs. / Face identification plays a crucial role in our daily social interactions. Indeed, our behavior changes according to the identification of the person with whom we interact. Moreover, several studies in Psychology and Neurosciences have observed that our cognitive processing of familiar faces is different from the cognitive processing of unfamiliar faces.Creating photorealistic an animated human-like face of a real person is now possible thanks to recent advances in Computer Graphics and 3D scan systems. Recent rendering techniques are challenging our ability to distinguish between computer generated faces and real human faces. Besides, the current trend to model virtual humans is to involve real data collected using scans and motion capture systems. Research and applications in virtual humans have experienced a growing interest in so-called virtual clones (agents with a familiar aspect or at least recognizable). Virtual clones are therefore increasingly used in human-machine interfaces and in the audiovisual industry. Studies about the perception and interaction with virtual clones are therefore required to better understand how we should design and evaluate this kind of technology. Indeed, very few studies have tried to evaluate virtual clones' fidelity with respect to the original human (hereafter called “the referent”). The main goal of this thesis is to explore this line of research. Our work rises several research questions: What are the features of the virtual clone that enable us to evaluate the resemblance between a virtual clone and its referent? Among several possibilities of rendering, animation and data acquisition techniques offered by Computer Graphics, what is the best combination of techniques to ensure the highest level of perceived fidelity?However, visual appearance is not the only component that is involved in recognizing familiar people. The other components include facial expressiveness but also the possible knowledge that we have about the referent (e.g. his particular way of assessing an emotional situation and expressing it through his face).Our contributions provide answers to these questions at several levels. We define a conceptual framework identifying the key concepts which are relevant for the study of the fidelity of a virtual face. We explore different rendering techniques. We describe an experimental study about the impact of familiarity in the judgment of fidelity. Finally, we propose a preliminary individual computational model based on a cognitive approach of emotions that could drive the animation of the virtual clone.This work opens avenues for the design and improvement of virtual clones, and more generally for the human-machine interfaces based on expressive virtual agents.

Attention to emotions and emotional clarity are core dimensions of individual differences in emotion awareness. Findings from prior research based on self-report indicate that attention to and recognition of one’s own emotions are related to attention to and recognition of other people’s emotions. In the present experimental study, we examined the relations of attention to and clarity of emotions with the efficiency of facial affect perception. Moreover, it was explored whether attention to and clarity of emotions are linked to negative interpretations of facial expressions. A perception of facial expressions (PFE) task based on schematic faces with neutral, ambiguous, or unambiguous emotional expressions and a gender decision task were administered to healthy individuals along with measures of emotion awareness, state and trait anxiety, depression, and verbal intelligence. Participants had to decide how much the faces express six basic affects. Evaluative ratings and decision latencies were analyzed. Attention to feelings was negatively correlated with evaluative decision latency, whereas clarity of feelings was not related to decision latency in the PFE task. Attention to feelings was positively correlated with the perception of negative affects in ambiguous faces. Attention to feelings and emotional clarity were not related to gender decision latency. According to our results, dispositional attention to feelings goes along with an enhanced efficiency of facial affect perception. Habitually paying attention to one’s own emotions may facilitate processing of external emotional information. Preliminary evidence was obtained suggesting a relationship of dispositional attention to feelings with negative interpretations of facial expressions.