Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eliane.pdf: 4076469 bytes, checksum: a4604fb254e1954d8ca5dbc6eb5e477b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-09 / The present work has as its theme the study of the German language and culture in Missal, a municipality located in the extreme west of the state of Paraná, which provides an expressive context of languages and cultures in contact, some resulting from the situation of border among Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, a place called Tríplice Fronteira, others are a result of a migration process. Taking this context into account, we wonder why and what factors lead the residents of Missal, two hundred years after their immigration, to speak German (in its dialectal variety Hunsrückisch/ Brasildeutsch) and express, through parties and other local traditions, their linguistic and cultural identity. Bearing these questions in mind, the aim of this research is to analyze the factors that underlie the maintenance and regression of the German language and culture in this municipality. Although we acknowledge that language is part of individuals own culture and social group, both language and culture will be analyzed separately, i.e, the influence of cultural aspects regarding the maintenance and regression of the German language and culture. With this study, we intend to contribute to other previous studies, especially in the western region of Paraná, about bilingualism, identity and minority languages in complex sociolinguistic contexts in relation to bi(multi)lingualism from authors such as Pereira (1999); Heye (2003); Damke (1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2005, 2006, 2008); Savedra (2003, 2009); von Borstel (1992, 1999, 2011).This study also aims to contribute to the appreciation and maintenance of the German language and culture, not only in Missal, but also in other localities where bilingualism occurs. In this sense, this work is relevant to both current speakers and future generations, German descendants or not. This qualitative ethnographic research will be based on a Sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on concepts of identity, bilingualism, language/culture and linguistic policies. It is understood that the construction of a more critical human being, more responsive to other people´s culture, is only possible through the acceptance of difference and, in this sense, accepting an identity that is different from yours is a sign of respect, without stigmatizing culture and beliefs, especially the language, since languages exist because of speakers and their history is unquestionably linked (CALVET, 2002). Based on Calvet (2002), Napolitano (2005) e Damke (2008) attitudes of unity in diversity, of respect and of a pacific coexistence in this linguistic, cultural and ethnical mosaic which constitute Brazil is possible, acceptable, normal. / O presente trabalho tem como tema o estudo da língua e cultura alemãs em Missal, município localizado no extremo oeste do Estado do Paraná, que apresenta um contexto expressivo de línguas e culturas em contato, algumas resultantes da situação de fronteira do Brasil com o Paraguai e a Argentina, a chamada Tríplice Fronteira, outras consequência de processos migratórios. Levando-se em consideração este contexto, questiona-se o porquê e quais os fatores que levam os moradores bilíngues de Missal, passados quase duzentos anos desde sua imigração, a falarem o alemão (em sua variedade dialetal Hunsrückisch/ Brasildeutsch) e manifestar, por meio das festas e outras tradições locais, sua identidade linguística e cultural. A partir deste questionamento, tem-se, como objetivo principal desta pesquisa, analisar os fatores que estão subjacentes na manutenção e na regressão da língua e da cultura alemãs no referido município. Mesmo reconhecendo que a língua faz parte da própria cultura do indivíduo e do grupo social, os dois elementos língua e cultura serão aqui analisados de forma separada, isto é, a influência dos aspectos culturais na manutenção e regressão da língua e cultura alemãs. Pretende-se, com este estudo, contribuir com outras pesquisas já realizadas, especialmente na região oeste do Paraná acerca do tema bilinguismo, identidade e línguas minoritárias em contextos sociolinguisticamente complexos face ao bi(multi)linguismo de autores como Pereira (1999); Heye (2003); Damke (1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2005, 2006, 2008); Savedra (2003, 2009); von Borstel (1992, 1999, 2011). Objetiva-se também, contribuir para a valorização e da própria manutenção da língua e cultura alemãs, não somente no município de Missal, mas também em outras localidades onde há situações de bilinguismo. Neste sentido, este trabalho torna-se relevante tanto para os falantes atuais quanto para com as gerações vindouras, descendentes, ou não, de alemães. A pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, tomará como base os pressupostos da Sociolinguística, com enfoque nos conceitos de identidade, bilinguismo, língua/cultura e políticas linguísticas. Entende-se que a construção de um ser humano mais crítico, mais acessível à cultura do outro passa pela aceitação da diferença e, neste sentido, aceitar uma identidade diferente da sua é respeitar a do outro, sem estigmatizar cultura e crenças, muito menos sua língua, já que as línguas existem em função de seus falantes e suas histórias estão ligadas entre si de modo inconteste (CALVET, 2002). Com base em Calvet (2002); Napolitano (2005) e Damke (2008) atitudes de unidade na diversidade, de respeito e de coexistência pacífica neste mosaico linguístico, cultural e étnico que forma o Brasil, é possível, aceitável e normal.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / When faced with a failing or failed root treatment, the dentist must decide whether the tooth can be retreated and saved or extracted. The dentist's decision to retreat is often based on the x-ray presenting a failing root treatment. The dentist must be aware that there might be a number of factors that have contributed to the failure and which may preclude, following retreatment, a successful long term clinical function. The current study has been made to determine those factors that may influence the prognosis in order to assist the clinician in advising the patient of the best course of treatment. A literature review was made to determine and identify these factors and explain their relevance and influence on the healing process. The current study included identifying the factors described in the literature review and noting their influence on the prognosis following non-surgical retreatment. Retreatment of failed root treated teeth requires special knowledge and skill from the clinician in order to correct and manage the case. The current study was made in a clinical setting and compared results of retreatment with two types of rotary files on the market: progressive or variable taper (Pro Taper) with constant non-ISO 06 taper (K3). Clinical signs and symptoms were noted at the patient's presentation and following recalls at 1, 4 months and 1 year. The results were recorded and statistically analysed and the results were discussed. The results showed that out of 81 patients 10cases of retreatment were considered to have failed and 68 cases were considered to have been successful. Three patients did not return for their assessments and were therefore not considered in further results. There was a statistically significant (p<0.1 0) recording of deep periodontal pockets associated with teeth with failing root treatments (40%) and (13%) in the "Success" group. The two estimated proportions of "Sinus" present (60%) in the "Failure" group and 10% in the 'Success' group were significantly different (p<0.01). "Sinus present" in the "Success group" means in the initial clinical assessment before retreatment was initiated. The presence of a sinus at the One Year follow up signified a failure of the root retreatment (p<0.001). The two estimated proportions of "Occlusion" present (80% and 99%) in the "Failure" and "Success" group were significantly different (p<0.05). Therefore, teeth in "occlusion" were more within the "Success" group. 70% of those teeth that failed had pretreatment apical rarefactions of greater than 6mm diameter; whereas 76.5% of successful retreatments had areas less than 6mm diameter. The differences were significant according to Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.01). 44% of failed cases had areas of rarefaction described as "diffuse"; and 56% of failed cases had areas that were described as "well-defined". 95% of cases that were successful had areas described as "diffuse" and the rest were "welldefined". The differences between the success and failure categories were statistically significant (p<0.0 1). The two estimated proportions of "Post present" (0% and 31%) in the "Failure" and "Success" groups were significantly different (p<0.1 0). Therefore, the "Post was present" in many more cases within the "Success" group than in the "Failure" group. There was no difference between the Median "Crown/Root" ratios of the "Failure" (Median = 0.595) or "Success" groups (Median = 0.662) (Wilcoxon Test, p>O.10). Teeth with longer roots tend to lead to failure, however there was a considerable overlap between the distributions. Therefore the finding is that the Median length of the roots of the "Failures" is longer than that of the "Successes". (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p-value = 0.0628). The results also indicated that previous short root filling preparation contributes to the final success of retreatment (Fisher Exact Test, p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the distribution of the "Failure" and "Success" (88.2%) groups (Fisher Exact Test, p<O.OI) in those cases with initial short obturated fillings. When comparing the outcome following the use of the two types of rotary files it was found that the "Successes" with K3 File (35 out of 41) was 85%; and with Protaper File (32 out of 36) 89%. The "Success" rate certainly was not different between the two file types. The conclusions drawn from the current study was not significantly different from those in the literature review and the overall results were of a similar nature with some minor changes. However it is clear that non-surgical root retreatment offers a good prognosis and should be included as an option for failed or failing root treatment.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pretextuais.pdf: 263669 bytes, checksum: 070da8fd3cd81fa50a72646b62507af6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Women in love with shoes live in their own universe, very particular, and by their dedication had moved, in 2008, $ 26.3 billion. Regardless of the economic crisis, Brazilian companies expect to increase by 20% in sales in 2009. In order to evaluate the applicability of GENDERTRENDS Model to identify the factors that influence women's decisions to purchase shoes, this research was divided into two stages. In the survey interviewed 488 women over 18 years, selected a simple random sampling, the qualitative stage, 30 women, with more than 60 pairs of shoes have been selected with non-probability sampling for trial, for in-depth interviews. Data were weighted using the SPHINX software and the content analysis. Love for shoes, need, search for a sense of security, power, femininity, with the group and fashionable activate the movement by women shopping. Family, mother, boyfriend, husband and friends influence the time to think about the "ideal brand" as well as their belongings, clothes and other accessories that are already part of your reality, and fashion. Women seek more than the tangible attributes, want feelings of wholeness, fulfillment and happiness. Magazines, billboards and television are the most effective means of communicating with the female audience, who confesses love windows and indications of friends. After buying women feel relieved and happy, eager to parade with the new acquisition, wanting recognition of their good taste. However, if they find some discomfort associated with the purchased product, tend to feel sorrow, remorse and repentance. They are loyal and tend to repeat local purchase if they are certain to find what they seek will be well served, the environment will be and is cute and could negotiate freely the conditions of payment. The shoe is perfect, therefore, a mix of attributes. Want and comfort, durability and pay a fair price - on average £ 214 - the desire to feel respected and beautiful (!). Have to have attractive design and superior quality, high class finishing seams, soles and buckles. Preferably, it should be leather and durable material. Among rocks, holes, rain, mud, and a tripped possible, he must resist and get brand new, as if nothing had happened. The preferred models are the sandals, scarpins, sneakers, boots and sneakers. Among the heels favored by women is the type or Flat rasteirinha, followed by a tie preferably between jumps Anabela, 8 cm and 6 cm. The preferred location to do the shopping is the Shopping Center, which offers convenience, variety, price, a safe and pleasant environment. After interviewing 518 women, it was possible to suggest which passes through the female consumer in the "Quest for the Perfect Shoe." An evaluation of the model of buying behavior of women proposed by Barletta (2003), several points in this study received support, and some had apparent limitation, as attention to the after-sales service and price / Mulheres apaixonadas por sapatos vivem em universo próprio, muito particular, e por sua dedicação movimentaram, em 2008, R$ 26,3 bilhões. Independentemente da crise econômica, empresas brasileiras esperam aumentar em até 20% o faturamento no mercado interno no ano de 2009. Com o objetivo de avaliar a aplicabilidade do Modelo GENDERTRENDS para identificação dos fatores que influenciam as mulheres nas decisões de compra de calçados, esta pesquisa dividiu-se em duas etapas. Na survey entrevistou 488 mulheres acima de 18 anos, selecionadas com uma amostragem probabilística simples; na etapa qualitativa, 30 mulheres, com mais de 60 pares de calçados, foram selecionadas com amostragem não probabilística por julgamento, para as entrevistas em profundidade. Os dados foram ponderados com a utilização do software SPHINX e, pela análise de conteúdo. Amor por sapatos, necessidade, busca de sensações de segurança, poder, feminilidade, aceitação pelo grupo e estar na moda ativam o movimento de compra pelas mulheres. Familiares, mãe, namorado, marido e amigas influenciam no momento de pensar na marca ideal , bem como seus pertences, roupas e outros acessórios que já fazem parte da sua realidade, e a moda. Mulheres buscam mais do que atributos tangíveis, desejam sensações de realização e felicidade. Revistas, outdoors e televisão são os meios mais efetivos de se comunicar com o público feminino, que confessa adorar vitrines e indicações de amigas. Depois de comprar, mulheres sentem-se aliviadas e felizes, ansiosas para desfilar com a nova aquisição, querendo reconhecimento do seu bom gosto. Entretanto, se descobrirem algum desconforto associado ao produto adquirido, tendem a sentir tristeza, remorso e arrependimento. São leais e costumam repetir locais de compra se estiverem certas que encontrarão o que procuram, serão bem atendidas, o ambiente estará e é bonito e poderão negociar livremente as condições de pagamento. O sapato perfeito é, portanto, um mix de atributos. Querem além de conforto, durabilidade e pagar um preço justo em média R$ 214 pelo desejo de sentirem-se respeitadas, e lindas(!). Tem que ter design atraente e qualidade superior, com acabamento refinado nas costuras, solado e fivelas. De preferência, deve ser de couro e com material resistente. Entre pedras, buracos, chuva, barro e uma tropeçada eventual, precisa resistir e sair novo em folha, como se nada tivesse acontecido. Os modelos preferidos são as sandálias, scarpins, tênis, botas e sapatilhas. Entre os saltos preferidos pelas mulheres está o do tipo Flat ou rasteirinha, seguidos pelo empate de preferência entre os saltos Anabela, 8 cm e 6 cm. O local preferido para se fazer as compras é o Shopping Center, que oferece comodidade, variedade, preço, um ambiente seguro e agradável. Após entrevistar 518 mulheres, foi possível sugerir qual caminho percorre a mulher consumidora na Busca pelo Sapato Perfeito . Numa avaliação do modelo de comportamento de compra de mulheres proposto por Barletta (2003), diversos pontos receberam sustentação nesta pesquisa, e alguns apresentaram aparente limitação, como atenção para o pós-venda, preço e atendimento

The aim of this dissertation is to discover what kinds of books are the preschool children read by both their parents and their preschool teachers. The theoretical part defines the preliteracy of the readers and the preschool age, and describes the children's contact with books both at home and at kindergartens. Defines a book in the terms of a medium being in contrast to other communication means. The practical part is based on a mixed design of the research: the quantitative part uses the method of a questionnaire, and the qualitative part draws on the in-depth interviews, the respondents being the parents and preschool education teachers. At first, the questionnaires are compared. The decisive factors in parents and preschool educators selection of the books are characterized afterwards. The children are most frequently read storybooks and bedtime stories. Preschool teachers read out fables, parents do not. Furthermore, parents read out adventure literature. Thus, the parents and the school complement each other. Both at home and at school, children come into contact with prose as well as fiction. Adults prefer to read out older books, published mostly by Albatros Publishing, or they lend books in a library. At the same time, they carefully choose new titles of various publishing companies, for...

Die kindliche Lebenswelt unterlag im vergangenen Jahrhundert enormen Veränderungen. Der Alltag der Kinder und Jugendlichen ist geprägt durch einen zunehmenden Bewegungsmangel, der die Entwicklung auf motorischer, kognitiver und sozialer Ebene beeinträchtigt. Motorische Defizite, Übergewicht und Adipositas, chronisch-degenerative Erkrankungen sowie psychosomatische Störungen werden bereits bei immer jüngeren Kindern beobachtet. Die Ursachen für diese Entwicklung sind Gegenstand zahlreicher Forschungsbestrebungen, die allerdings aufgrund differenter methodischer Herangehensweisen und abhängig von der Stichprobenauswahl häufig zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen gelangen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand vor dem Hintergrund der Relevanz einer adäquaten Entwicklung im Kindesalter darin, den Gewichtsstatus, die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit, das Bewegungsverhalten, die familiäre Situation sowie vorliegende Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigungen von Schulanfängern auf einer umfassenden biopsychosozialen Ebene einzuschätzen. Die anschließenden Zusammenhangsanalysen sollten Aufschluss über die Bedingungsfaktoren des kindlichen Unter- und Übergewichts sowie motorischer Leistungsschwächen zum Schuleintritt der Kinder geben. 4.281 Erstklässler absolvierten den Deutschen Motoriktest für Kinder und Jugendliche (DMT 6-18). An einer Elternbefragung nahmen 3.003 Erziehungsberechtigte teil und die Befunde der Schuleingangsuntersuchung lagen von 5.629 Schulanfängern vor. Unter den untersuchten Erstklässlern wiesen 4,8 % starkes Untergewicht (≤ 3. Perzentile) und 8,9 % leichtes Untergewicht (> 3. bis ≤ 10. Perzentile) auf. Lediglich 5,0 % der Kinder waren übergewichtig (≥ 90. bis < 97. Perzentile), weitere 2,4 % adipös (≥ 97. Perzentile). Im Motoriktest zeigten 36,8 % der Schulanfänger überdurchschnittliche Ergebnisse, lediglich 11,8 % lagen unter dem Altersdurchschnitt. Anhand der Mittelwertunterschiede und Effektstärken konnten keine relevanten Einflüsse des Bewegungsverhaltens, der familiären Situation sowie der medizinischen oder geistig-sprachlichen Auffälligkeiten auf den Gewichtsstatus der Kinder festgestellt werden. Die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit der Kinder wurde entscheidend durch den wöchentlichen Umfang ihrer Sportaktivität, der Schichtzugehörigkeit der Familie, vorliegenden Störungen der Feinmotorik sowie vom Übergewicht oder der Adipositas der Schulanfänger beeinflusst. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung lässt sich der Entwicklungstrend der Zunahme von Übergewicht und motorischen Leistungsdefiziten bereits im Kindesalter nicht verallgemeinern. Anscheinend können sowohl die Familie als auch der Kindergarten, die Schule und der Sportverein den aufkommenden Bewegungsmangel durch das wachsende Angebot medienorientierter Freizeitbeschäftigungen zu einem großen Teil kompensieren. Alarmierende Berichte über die Zunahme von Übergewicht und Adipositas bereits im Kindesalter bei gleichzeitig reduzierter körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit und einer allgemeinen Bewegungsarmut konnten nicht bestätigt werden, allerdings sollten sowohl der Gewichtsstatus als auch die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit im Kindesalter, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer regionalen Verteilung, weiter untersucht werden.

Strengthening civil society participation in development is a prerequisite to enhance access to opportunities and political influence by the poor. An active civil society can improve development accountability. In fact, Africa cannot improve its governance without investing in the role of civil society. This study examines the problem of resource mobilization for NECs in four Africa countries; assessing factors and strategies, which influence their ability to mobilize resources. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods, the study found that effective NECs exist in all four countries. The success of these NECs depended on “being strategic” about resource mobilization. The lack of resources mobilization strategies was a key factor in all four NECs. This often meant lack of proactiveness in resource mobilization. In its recommendations, the study presents a model aimed to encourage CSOs to organize and manage resource mobilization in ways that generate income for today, tomorrow and the future in order to sustain their watchdog role in educational development process. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

This thesis is a case study of the design and development of one Canadian province’s intended Grade 12 Chemistry curriculum. It explores the story associated with its design and development and the lived experiences of the stakeholders involved. The goal is to highlight the dynamic human nature of the curriculum construction process. Specifically, through a case study approach this research identifies several dimensions of the nature of curriculum development considered by Pinar et al. (1995), namely: the “historical, political,…phenomenological, [and] autobiographical” (p. 847). This research determined the factors that influenced this curriculum and the lived experiences of the stakeholders involved. It examined how they reflected on the curriculum process and curriculum product, and investigated the deconstruction/reconstruction processes experienced by some participants. This research helps educators make more informed decisions about designing, developing and implementing curriculum.

Strengthening civil society participation in development is a prerequisite to enhance access to opportunities and political influence by the poor. An active civil society can improve development accountability. In fact, Africa cannot improve its governance without investing in the role of civil society. This study examines the problem of resource mobilization for NECs in four Africa countries; assessing factors and strategies, which influence their ability to mobilize resources. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods, the study found that effective NECs exist in all four countries. The success of these NECs depended on “being strategic” about resource mobilization. The lack of resources mobilization strategies was a key factor in all four NECs. This often meant lack of proactiveness in resource mobilization. In its recommendations, the study presents a model aimed to encourage CSOs to organize and manage resource mobilization in ways that generate income for today, tomorrow and the future in order to sustain their watchdog role in educational development process. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The main aim of this thesis is to observe dissimilarities between men and women. My survey is focused on differences among men and women especially in areas of perception of media, spending of free time, relation to some kinds of products and overall position of the men and women in the society. Methods that are used in this thesis are analysis of MML-TGI data, content analysis of television advertisings and interview. Results of all the three methods are summarized and evaluated in the end.