This study proposes a series of 3 experiments to explore how different types of staging, pictures versus virtual reality, impacts potential buyers’ likelihood of wanting to visit a home. Moreover, this study seeks to address how the type of market, hot versus cold, and type of home, luxury versus non-luxury, connects with staging and its impact on wanting to visit a home. In Experiment 1, participants will view 10 total homes, 5 randomly selected with staged pictures first followed by the remaining 5 with virtual reality, either within the hot or cold market. If VR increases presence, then people should be more likely to want to visit a house especially in a hot market given that there is a high demand for a constrained supply. Experiment 2 addressed the contrast effect limitation given that virtual reality staging always came after the pictures of staging within Experiment 1. Experiment 2 should replicate the results of Experiment 1 by removing the contrast effect. Finally, Experiment 3 will explore the impact of type of home, luxury versus non-luxury, and type of staging on wanting to visit a home. Researchers are expected to find that participants who viewed properties in virtual reality are more likely to want to visit the home compared to those that saw staged images because of increased presence, which will make them feel more connected to the home compared to viewing staged pictures. Ultimately, this study is important because it aims to identify the utility of VR in home sales.

Since the end of World War II, American cities have been stuck in the development trend of urban sprawl. The suburban ideal and proliferation of the automobile have fostered this trend, as well as several other negative issues in our society including inefficient land use and isolation of lower social and economic groups. After fifty years as the model by which American cities grow, it has proven itself to be both inefficient in land use and ineffective in bridging the social gaps that have existed since its inception. A new model for city growth is necessary, one that encourages steady and denser development, and the evolution of such a model should begin in a place in which the core of many American cities are built upon: the neighborhood. This thesis will research the ideas present in many traditional American neighborhoods, ideas that have allowed many of these neighborhoods to exist as integrated urban microcosms within cities even into the modern era in which we now live. The goal is not to simply mimic these ideas and the situations which encouraged them, but to reestablish them with consideration to modern issues, lifestyles, and cultures that exist today. Research will be conducted into the nature of neighborhoods as social phenomena as a way to understand, and therefore respond to, how we interact with one another in the places in which we live. Research will also be conducted specific to the city of Tampa, Florida; exploring the structure of existing neighborhoods in Tampa as well as housing types commonly found in the city. The case study of Radburn, New Jersey will be examined as well as New Urbanism ideas to understand how others have approached the idea of neighborhood. Neighborhoods were once the dominant method of development in the United States prior to the Great Depression and World War II. Urban sprawl and suburbia abandoned the idea of neighborhood in favor of a different ideal for living; an ideal which, whether intentional or not, encouraged private living and design decisions which centered around the automobile rather than people and social situations. While design investigations will include macro and micro strategies, a specific goal will be to explore how the design and planning of single family homes can be rethought to provide more frequent opportunities for social interactions with ones neighbor as well as improved relationships with the street. The conclusions of this thesis will aim to prove that reestablishing this phenomenon in urban planning can provide positive growth, encourage social interaction, as well as allow our basic nature as humans to take root.

La presente investigación contempla el diseño de 2 estructuras de 10 pisos, una hecha de concreto convencional y otra de un concreto ligero de arcilla expandida, cabe mencionar que para el diseño y análisis de la estructura de concreto ligero se han considerado criterios del ACI 213R para posteriormente ser verificados con las normativa peruana (norma E030 y E060); sin embargo, analizar una edificación hecha con un material que no ha sido usado con objetivo sismo resistente en nuestra nación, tiene la necesidad de ser evaluado con un método más preciso que el análisis lineal estipulado en nuestra normativa E030. Para este caso, el método de evaluación sísmico está en base al diseño por desempeño que contempla un análisis estático no lineal, el cual permite ver a mejor detalle las diferencias en el comportamiento estructural de ambas edificaciones luego de superar su estado lineal. El objetivo de evaluar ambas estructuras es el de evidenciar la influencia que tiene el uso del concreto ligero en el diseño estructural, comportamiento no lineal, desempeño sísmico y costos en comparación de una estructura de concreto convencional. Tras la evaluación por desempeño sísmico se determinó que, para este caso en específico, las edificaciones convencional y de concreto ligero no cumplen con todos los objetivos de desempeño planteados para una vivienda multifamiliar; sin embargo, la estructura de concreto ligero presenta una mejor respuesta dinámica en comparación de la estructura convencional debido a su principal propiedad, el de presentar un menor peso, que dio como resultados valores de pseudoaceleración mayores al de la estructura de concreto convencional. Finalmente se hace una comparación de costos, donde no se vio mucho ahorro al usar un concreto ligero, pero que este resultado se podría optimizar si se usara el concreto convencional y ligero de forma mixta en una edificación, teniendo en cuenta que el concreto ligero si se puede usar en elementos estructurales que resistan fuerzas sísmicas. / The present investigation contemplates the design of 2 structures of 10 floors, one made of conventional concrete and another of a lightweight concrete of expanded clay, it is worth mentioning that for the design and analysis of the structure of light concrete, criteria of the ACI 213R have been considered for subsequently be verified with Peruvian regulations (E030 and E060); However, to analyze a building made with a material that has not been used with a resistant earthquake objective in our nation, needs to be evaluated with a more precise method than the linear analysis stipulated in our E030 regulations. For this case, the seismic evaluation method is based on the performance design that contemplates a non-linear static analysis, which allows us to see in greater detail the differences in the structural behavior of both buildings after overcoming their linear state. The objective of evaluating both structures is to demonstrate the influence of the use of lightweight concrete in structural design, non-linear behavior, seismic performance and costs in comparison to a conventional concrete structure. After the evaluation for seismic performance, it was determined that, for this specific case, conventional and light concrete buildings do not meet all the performance objectives set for a multi-family home; however, the lightweight concrete structure has a better dynamic response compared to the conventional structure due to its main property, that of presenting a lower weight, which resulted in pseudo-acceleration values greater than that of the conventional concrete structure. Finally, a cost comparison is made, where there was not much savings when using a lightweight concrete, but that this result could be optimized if conventional and lightweight concrete is used mixed in a building, taking into account that the lightweight concrete does It can be used in structural elements that resist seismic forces. / Tesis

This study focuses on the Moore-Youse family in Muncie, Indiana, a medium size city in Delaware County, Indiana, as a microcosm of Victorian ideology and material culture using the methods of historical archaeology and social history. The following thesis examines material conditions among this middle-class, female-centered, lineal family during the Victorian period using gender theory. In this study, archaeological materials and historical documents are used to explore the priorities and choices that influenced Muncie's middle class in making material decisions during the Victorian period.The Victorian Period in America was marked by rapid social change, growing industrialization and the transformation of gender roles. These changes created an expanded middle-class in communities across America. For the middle class the home was a sanctuary and Victorian women were expected to devote themselves to the home and family. Thus began the "cult of domesticity". This thesis explores the influence of gender roles in 19th century Indiana. / Department of Anthropology

This thesis consists of three papers on econometric modeling of spatial dependence. The awareness of interactions between actors is fundamental for understanding property markets as well as the growth of regions. In both cases, neighbors and neighboring markets may stimulate or hamper growth of values. From a modeling point of view, these interdependencies calls for spatial econometric models. In the thesis we introduce such methods in the analysis of regional property markets as well as in a comparative regional growth analysis. In the first paper, we estimate hedonic prices in the market for co-operative flats in the city of Umeå, Sweden, during 1998 and 1999. Structural, neighborhood, and accessibility characteristics are used as attributes in the hedonic price function. Important attributes were the rent, floor space, age, and population density. Two attractive nodes, although with different characteristics, were found. Thus there are signs supporting the view that Umeå has developed into a multi-nodal structure for property values. SAR-GM estimation was used due to signs of spatial error dependence. In the second paper, hedonic prices for single-family homes in two Swedish counties are estimated for two years. Parameter estimates are compared and changes in space and time analyzed. Spatial lag dependence is found to influence the results. Hence, four independent variables are lagged with a spatial weights matrix. Additional spatial error dependence is treated by SAR-GM estimation. Structural, neighborhood, and accessibility characteristics are used as attributes. The regional price pattern and its changes over time, is illustrated and identified with GIS maps. Proximity to the two county capitals, as well as the other municipality centers, influence property prices positively. This is also noticable over time, where values have risen for homes located near major population centers and those which have water provided by the municipality. Values are in addition largely a function of the quality of each home. The third paper examines the provincial pattern of growth in China during the period 1985-2000, testing the hypothesis that provinces with similar growth rates are more spatially clustered than would be expected by chance. The provincial economic growth is explained by the distribution of industrial enterprises, foreign direct investment, infrastructure, and governmental preferential policies. The neoclassical hypothesis of convergence is also tested. Indications of unconditional convergence does occur during the periods 1985-2000 and 1985-1990. In addition, conditional convergence is found during the sub-period 1990-1995. Evidence of spatial dependence between adjacent provinces has also been established, and in the econometric part, solved by a spatial lag, or alternatively a spatial error term, in the growth equation.

Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva och analysera hur ett småhus ålder kan påverka marknadsvärdet och taxeringsvärdet för en småhusfastighet samt hur den svenska taxeringsmodellen tar hänsyn till hur ett småhus ålder påverkar värdet. Målet är att ge förslag på hur ett småhus ålder kan behandlas vid fastighetstaxering i Sverige. Ett småhus definieras som en byggnad inrättad till bostad för en till två familjer och en småhusfastighet utgörs av ett småhus plus dess tomtmark. Vid fastighetstaxering av småhusfastigheter i Sverige bestäms ett byggnads- och ett tomtmarksvärde som sedan slås ihop till ett taxeringsvärde för småhusfastigheten, taxeringsvärdet ska motsvara 75 % av marknadsvärdet två år före taxeringsåret. Byggnadsvärdet respektive tomtmarksvärdet bestäms utifrån olika värdefaktorer, en av dem är värdefaktorn ålder vilket anges som ett värdeår ämnat att uttrycka en byggnads återstående ekonomiska livslängd. Metoder som har använts i studien är en litteraturstudie som granskat tidigare forskning inom ämnet samt lagstiftning och facklitteratur. En kvantitativ undersökning av småhus och köp i Gävle kommun har genomförts för att skapa en generell bild av hur ett småhus ålder påverkar småhusfastigheters taxeringsvärde samt en generell bild av när taxeringsvärdet är svårbedömt på grund av ett småhus ålder. För att erhålla en djupare förståelse för hur ett småhus ålder kan påverka småhusfastigheters marknadsvärde genomfördes en kvalitativ undersökning av ett fåtal småhus. Resultatet av litteraturstudien visar att de åldersrelaterade variabler som kan påverka ett småhus marknadsvärde är: depreciering, läge, byggnadskonstruktion, underhåll samt vintage-effekt. De åldersrelaterade variabler som den svenska taxeringsmodellen tar hänsyn till är: depreciering, åldersinverkan i förhållande till läge samt jämkning av värdeår. Litteraturstudien samt den kvantitativa och den kvalitativa undersökningen tyder på att det finns vissa brister i hur åldersfaktorn hanteras vid fastighetstaxering i Sverige, främst när det gäller äldre byggnader. Eftersom de båda undersökningarna genomfördes endast med småhusfastigheter i Gävle kommun är dock resultatet inte direkt applicerbart på hela Sveriges småhusbestånd. Ändock drogs slutsatsen att det anses motiverat att ge förslag på hur den svenska taxeringsmodellen kan behandla åldersfaktorn vid fastighetstaxering av småhus. Förslaget innefattade de åldersrelaterade variablerna: depreciering, läge, underhåll, köparpreferenser samt byggnadskonstruktion.

This creative project focuses on the Pope Estate, a part of the Tallac Historic Site in South Lake Tahoe, California. This preservation plan includes a history, architectural description and condition assessment for the nineteen buildings located on the estate, owned and operated by the United States Forest Service. The purpose of the architectural investigation is to document and assess the condition of the existing buildings and develop a set of recommendations for immediate and future work. The document will serve as a preservation tool for the Tallac Historic Site management team. / Department of Architecture

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaXC_DISSERT.pdf: 4166045 bytes, checksum: 894975e1c1335191405209ea0dab5613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This paper studies modern houses built in the neighborhoods of Cabo Branco, Tamba? and Mana?ra by the seafront in Joao Pessoa, built between 1960 and 1974. We start from the already widespread notion that Brazilian Modern Architecture was inspired by foreign ways, mainly European but also American here recast, adapted, often innovating repertoire and ideas received (Y. BRUAND, 2005; H. SEGAWA, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; M. M. ACAYABA e S. FICHER, 1982; M. B. C. ARANHA, 2008; F. C. L. LARA, 2001; R. V. ZEIN, 2005; L. E. AMORIM, 1999, C. V. STINCO, 2010). With this look, after a field study, we collected 61 specimens in the collection of the Central Archive of Jo?o Pessoa City Hall, in order to identify which reformulations, adaptations or innovations would exist in modern houses built along the coast in Jo?o Pessoa. As we try to analyze the houses by what the bibliography had suggested (G. C. ARGAN, 1992; L. CORBUSIER, 2002; C.E.D. e M. ADRI?, 2007; K. FRAMPTON, 1997; H. H. HITCHCOCK, 1976; L. BENEVOLO, 2004; R. DE FUSCO, 1992, N . PEVSNER, 2002; M. RAGON, 1986; B. RISEBERO, 1982; E. ROBBINS, 1997; W. J. R. CURTIS, 1982; V. SCULLY, 2003; B. ZEVI, 1984; D. DUNST, 1999; A. COLQUHOUN, 2002; R. WESTON, 2005; A. I?AKI, 2006; J. PETER, 1994) the starting idea seemed to us not sufficiently developed. So we decided, first, to undertake a literature review comparing speech and image of modern houses most often cited by international and national literature, following a script freely inspired the Vitruvian triad: the functional and spatial (sectorization, guidance, spatiality, movement); constructive aspects (structural elements, modulation, deck, sealing), and aesthetic aspects (composition, apertures, ornaments) (Cap.1), then cast a look under this same route in 61 specimens obtained initially, trying to verify any specificities they would have (Cap.2). Failing to deepen the analysis of all these examples, we chose 10 projects which were redesigned and described in more detail to which we supplement with the aspects of place - location / lot location, access, axiality. (E. C. MAHFUZ, 2002; J. C. MIGUEL, 2000; E. C. CHEREGATI, 2007; M. COTRIM, 2007). (Cap. 3). The documentation and description resulting allowed us to approach some related questions about the canonical transcripts hybridizing, adoptions and any vernacular innovations of modern houses along the coast, We conclude that the appellants and anachronistic elements isolates found in each of the studied bind to the Brazilian Modern Architecture / Este trabalho estuda casas unifamiliares modernas situadas nos bairros de Cabo Branco Tamba? e Mana?ra na Orla Mar?tima de Jo?o Pessoa, constru?das entre os anos 1960 e 1974. Partimos da id?ia j? bastante difundida de que a Arquitetura Moderna Brasileira inspirou-se em vertentes estrangeiras, sobretudo europ?ias, mas tamb?m norte-americanas aqui reformuladas, adaptadas, inovando muitas vezes repert?rio e ide?rios recebidos (Y. BRUAND, 2005; H. SEGAWA, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; M. M. ACAYABA e S. FICHER, 1982; M. B. C. ARANHA, 2008; F. C. L. LARA, 2001; R. V. ZEIN, 2005; L. E. AMORIM, 1999; C. V. STINCO, 2010). Com este olhar, ap?s um trabalho de campo, coletamos 61 exemplares no acervo do Arquivo Central da Prefeitura Municipal de Jo?o Pessoa, com o intuito de identificar que reformula??es, adapta??es ou inova??es existiriam na modernidade das casas da orla pessoense. Ao tentarmos analis?-las, ? luz das sugest?es da bibliografia, (G. C. ARGAN, 1992; L. CORBUSIER, 2002; C. E. D. COMAS, e M. ADRI?, 2007; K. FRAMPTON, 1997; H. H. HITCHCOCK, 1976; L. BENEVOLO, 2004; R. DE FUSCO, 1992; N. PEVSNER, 2002; M. RAGON, 1986; B. RISEBERO, 1982; E. ROBBINS, 1997; W. J. R. CURTIS, 1982; V. SCULLY, 2003; B. ZEVI, 1984; D. DUNSTER, 1999; A. COLQUHOUN, 2002; V. SCULLY, 2003; R. WESTON, 2005; A. I?AKI, 2006; J. PETER, 1994) a id?ia de partida pareceu-nos insuficientemente desenvolvida. Resolvemos assim, primeiramente, empreender uma revis?o bibliogr?fica cotejando discurso e imagem das casas modernas mais citadas pela bibliografia internacional e nacional, seguindo um roteiro livremente inspirado da tr?ade vitruviana: aspectos funcionais e espaciais (setoriza??o, orienta??o, espacialidade, circula??o); aspectos construtivos (elementos estruturais, modula??o, coberta, veda??es), e aspectos est?ticos (composi??o, aberturas, ornamentos) (cap.1), Em seguida, lan?amos um olhar, sob este mesmo roteiro, nos 61 exemplares obtidos inicialmente, tentando verificar que eventuais especificidades conteriam (cap.2). Na impossibilidade de melhor aprofundar a an?lise de todos estes exemplares, escolhemos 10 projetos que foram redesenhados e descritos de maneira mais detalhada aos quais complementamos com os aspectos do lugar - localiza??o/lote, implanta??o, acessos, axialidade. (E. C. MAHFUZ, 2002, J. C. MIGUEL, 2000; C. E. CHEREGATI, 2007; M. COTRIM, 2007). (cap.3). A documenta??o e descri??o resultantes permitiram-nos aflorar algumas quest?es acerca dos referentes can?nicos, transcri??es hibrida??es, ado??es vern?culas e eventuais inova??es das casas modernas da orla mar?tima. Conclu?mos que os elementos isolados recorrentes e anacr?nicos encontrados em cada um dos exemplares estudados os vinculam a Arquitetura Moderna Brasileira

Klimatet är i en ständig förändring och den globala uppvärmningen är bland det störstamiljöhoten i världen. Människans utsläpp av växthusgaser är den främsta orsaken till denklimatförändring vi ser idag. En betydande del av samhällets miljöpåverkan kommer frånbygg- och fastighetssektorn. Byggmaterial står idag för betydande utsläpp. Gipsskivoranvänds flitigt inom byggprojekt. I denna studie undersöks och jämförs olika skivmaterial som används som ytskikt tillinnerväggar i småhus. Studien går in på funktionskrav och miljöaspekter med fokus påkoldioxidutsläpp. Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på om det finns något rimligtersättande skivmaterial för gips i innerväggar i småhus. Med hjälp av en kvantitativ studie harflera olika skivmaterial analyserats och jämförts, först för att se om de har en godkändbrandklass för småhus och därefter har skivmaterialen jämförts med hänsyn påkoldioxidutsläppet. Skivans pris, vikt, återbruk och återvinning har tagits i beaktande menfokuset har varit på koldioxidutsläppet. Resultatet av arbetet visade en bred spridning av mängden koldioxidutsläpp mellan dematerial som undersöktes. För att besvara frågeställningen analyserades även vikt och pris pådiverse produkter som även de visade på en bred spridning. Slutsatsen i detta arbete blev attde träbaserade skivmaterialen var rimliga ersättare till gipsskivor i torrum ur en miljömässigsynvinkel med koldioxidutsläppet i fokus. / The climate is constantly changing and global warming is among the largest environmentalthreats in the world. Human emission of greenhouse gases is the main cause of climatechange we see today. A significant part of society's environmental impact comes from theconstruction and real estate sector. Building materials today stand for significant emissions.In this study different sheet materials used as surface layers in single family houses areexamined and compared. The study addresses functional requirements and environmentalaspects with the focus on carbon dioxide emissions.The purpose of this study is to find out if there are any reasonable replacement sheetmaterials for plaster in interior walls of single family houses. Via a quantitative study severaldifferent sheet materials have been analyzed and compared, first to see if they have anapproved fire class for single family houses and thereafter the sheet materials have beencompared regarding carbon dioxide emissions. Price, weight and recycling have been takeninto account but the focus has been carbon dioxide emissions.The result of this report showed a wide spread of the amount of carbon dioxide emissionsbetween the different materials that has been analyzed. To answer the issue, price and weightwere also analyzed, which also showed a wide spread. The conclusion of this report was thatthe wood based sheet materials were a reasonable replacement for plasterboards indoors froman environmental point of view with carbon dioxide emissions as the focus.

El desarrollo de la presente investigación académica tiene como área de estudio a la gestión de proyectos de Ingeniería Civil. Hemos apoyado el documento en los lineamientos del PMBOK (PMI, 2016) 6ta edición (PMI) y consideramos como factores importantes el desarrollo del cronograma, costo y calidad de proyectos edificados con el uso de prelosas de la compañía “BETON DECKEN”, considerando que fue aceptado como método de construcción no tradicional en el Perú por la Resolución Ministerial N°069-2018-VIVIENDA en febrero del 2018. Como situación problemática, hemos considerado la cuantificación de mano de obra empleada para las actividades correspondientes a las partidas que involucran pre-losas. Dado que, de acuerdo a los antecedentes de uso, este elemento era considerado generalmente en construcciones del sector retail y no en viviendas. Esto, debido a las particularidades de la construcción. Es por ello, que, en la resolución emitida, se muestran datos aplicados a las construcciones retail y no a viviendas. Nuestro propósito es plasmar los resultados obtenidos a través del seguimiento de las partidas (rendimiento) y, mediante herramientas de gestión, optimizar el proceso mejorando la calidad, tiempo (cronograma) y costo en un 15% de lo proyectado para Edificios Multifamiliares construidos con pre losas en Lima Top. Se validará la investigación mediante los métodos explicativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y correlacional. / The development of this research academy has as a study area the management of civil engineering projects, we have supported the document in the guidelines of the PMBOK (PMI, 2016) 6th edition (PMI). We take as important factors the development of the schedule, cost and quality of projects built with the use of pre-slabs of the company “BETON DECKEN” considering that it was accepted as a method of non-traditional construction in Peru by Ministerial Resolution No. 069-2018- VIVIENDA in February 2018. We have considered as a problematic situation the quantification of labor used for the activities corresponding to the items that involve pre-slabs. Given that, according to the history of use this element was generally considered in retail constructions and not in homes due to the particularities of the construction. That is why, in the resolution issued, they provide data applied to retail constructions and not to homes. Our purpose is to capture the results obtained through the monitoring of the items (performance) and through management tools to optimize the process by improving the quality, time (schedule) and cost by 15% of the projected for Multifamily Buildings built with pre-slabs in Lima Top. Research will be validated between the methods explanatory, descriptive, explorer and correlationally, / Tesis