Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-23T11:53:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Werlanne Mendes de Santana.pdf: 317097 bytes, checksum: 3d1965fd3aff1686bf1b7acbbcc5fd99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T11:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Werlanne Mendes de Santana.pdf: 317097 bytes, checksum: 3d1965fd3aff1686bf1b7acbbcc5fd99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The marine shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis has a high potential for the aquaculture. However there are some feeding and nutrition problems in captivity, resulting in low growth and high feed conversion ratio. This work aimed to evaluate the natural food induction in F. subtilis culture, through different fertilization regimes. Were adopted four treatments and three replicates, using three organic fertilizers: wheat bran – FT (28 g.m-²); rice bran – FA (28 g.m-²); molasses – ML (40 mL.m-²); and one control – CT, with inorganic fertilizers (2 mg.L-1 nitrogen and 0.2 mg.L-1 phosphorus). For this, were utilized twelve 500 L fiber glass tanks stocked with 30 shrimps.m-2 (2.57±1.27 g). Artificial commercial feed with 35% of crude protein was offered in feeding trays three times a day (08:00 12:00 and 16:00). Plankton, benthos and water samples were collected fortnightly during the culture. Results showed no significant difference (P≥0.05) in survival among the organic fertilizers treatments, but showed statistical difference (P<0.05) among FT (94.4%) and CT (61.1%). About the natural food organisms, there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) among planktonic groups. In the phytoplanktonic community there was predominance of Cyanophyta (21,340, 25,340, 22,810 and 19,630 cell.L-1, respectively, in FA, FT, ML and CT treatments). In the zooplanktonic community the major representants were rotifers (4,240, 1,820, 3,360 and 3,170 org.L-1,respectively, in FA, FT, ML and CT treatments). Among the benthos, the phytobenthos also was represented by Cyanophyta, but there was statistical difference (P<0.05) only in Euglena group, where FA (7,822 cell.L-1) was different (P<0.05) from FT (256,267 cell.L-1) and CT (239,299 cell.L-1) treatments. In the zoobenthonic community it was registered the predominance of rotifers and nematodes, showing significant difference (P<0.05) in rotifers group in ML (9,200 org.L-1) treatment, when compared with CT (3,778 org.L-1) and FT (2,711 org.L-1) treatments. Nematodes differed (P<0.05) in FA (3,944 org.L-1) when related to FT (12,222 org.L-1) and ML (28,222 org.L-1) treatments, which also predominated in mesobenthonic community (1.7, 6.4, 9.0 and 3.2 ind.m-² in FA, FT, ML and CT, respectively), with no significant difference (P≥0.05) among the treatments. It was concluded that in the experimental conditions adopted both organic and inorganic fertilizers effects were similar related to natural food induction. / O camarão marinho Farfantepenaeus subtilis é uma espécie de interesse comercial, que apresenta lacunas referentes a sua nutrição e alimentação em cativeiro traduzidas em baixa velocidade de crescimento e altas taxas de conversão alimentar. O presente trabalho objetivou a indução do alimento natural no cultivo do F. subtilis, através de diferentes regimes de fertilização. Foram adotados quatro tratamentos e três réplicas, sendo três com fertilizantes orgânicos: farelo de trigo – FT (28 g.m-²); farelo de arroz – FA (28 g.m-²); Melaço – ML (40 mL.m-²); e um controle – CT, com fertilizantes inorgânicos à base de nitrogênio (2 mg.L-1) e fósforo (0,2 mg.L-1). No experimento utilizaram-se 12 tanques em fibra de vidro com capacidade de 500 L, estocados com 30 camarões.m-² (2,57±1,27 g). A alimentação artificial (ração comercial) foi ofertada em comedouros, às 8:00, 12:00 e 16:00 h. As coletas de água e do material biológico (plâncton e bentos) foram realizadas quinzenalmente durante o cultivo. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença significativa (P≥0,05) na sobrevivência entre os tratamentos com fertilizantes orgânicos, porém, houve diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre FT (94,4%) e CT (61,1%). Quanto ao alimento natural, não houve diferença significativa (P≥0,05) entre os grupos planctônicos dos tratamentos. Na comunidade fitoplanctônica houve uma predominância de cianobactérias nos tratamentos (21.340, 25.340,22.810 e 19.630 cél.L-1 em FA, FT, ML e CT, respectivamente). Na comunidade zooplanctônica, os principais representantes foram os rotíferos (4.240, 1.820, 3.360 e 3.170 org.L-1 em FA, FT, ML e CT, respectivamente). Entre os organismos bentônicos, o fitobentos também foi representado por cianobactérias, porém, houve diferença (P<0,05) somente no grupo das euglenas, onde FA (7.822 cél.L-1) diferiu dos tratamentos FT 256.267 cél.L-1) e CT (239.299 cél.L-1). Na comunidade zoobentônica, registrou-se predominância dos rotíferos e nematóides, havendo diferença (P<0,05) no grupo dos rotíferos em ML (9.200 org.L-1), quando comparado com CT (3.778 org.L-1) e FT (2.711 org.L-1). Os nematóides diferiram em FA (3.944 org.L-1) quando relacionado com FT (12.222 org.L-1) e ML (28.222 org.L-1), os quais também predominaram na comunidade mesobentônica (1,7, 6,4, 9,0, e 3,2 ind.m-² em FA, FT, ML e CT, respectivamente), não havendo diferença estatística (P≥0,05) entre os tratamentos. Desta forma, constata-se que nas condições experimentais adotadas o efeito dos fertilizantes orgânicos é similar aos inorgânicos quanto a indução do alimento natural.

Evolution occurs and can be conceptualized along a spectrum, bounded on one extreme by the relationships between deep lineages – such as phyla, classes, and orders – and on the other by the molecular dynamics of operational taxonomic units within a species, defined as population genetics. The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand the evolutionary and population dynamics of crustaceans within the Gulf of Mexico. In the second chapter of my dissertation, I provide a guide to best phylogenetic practice while reviewing infraordinal relationships within Decapoda, including the promise held by next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches such as Anchored Hybrid Enrichment. Chapter III is a phylogenetic study of species relationships within the economically important shrimp genus, Farfantepenaeus, targeting three mitochondrial genes and uncovering an intriguing pattern of latitudinal speciation. As the first inclusive molecular phylogeny of the genus, we find support for the newly described species F. isabelae, but a lack of support for the species status of F. notialis. Additionally, our results suggest the existence of two distinct subspecies of F. brasiliensis. Chapter IV investigates the relative impacts of habitat heterogeneity and the presence of a possible glacial refugium in determining population dynamics of the Giant Deep-Sea Isopod, Bathynomus giganteus in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Through hybrid population genetics/genomics analyses and Bayesian testing of population models, we find strong evidence for habitat heterogeneity determining population dynamics for this charismatic deep-sea invertebrate. Chapter V further investigates the role of environment in determining and maintaining genetic diversity and population connectivity, specifically focused on establishing biological baselines with which we can diagnose health and resilience of the Gulf of Mexico. This was accomplished through a comparative NGS population genomics study of three species of mesopelagic crustaceans: Acanthephyra purpurea, Systellaspis debilis, and Robustosergia robusta. While diversity and connectivity differs in each species, the comparative results bespeak the importance of access to the Gulf Loop Current in determining and maintaining population dynamics. Overall, my work significantly contributes to our knowledge of Crustacea at the phylogenetic- and population genetic-level.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4559.pdf: 2430892 bytes, checksum: d154b35d326d05be2db06928cf07eaa6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / As well as being popular and growing worldwide, sport fisheries are considered an important recreational, economic and social activity that propels a wide production chain and generates employment and income. The major species of marine shrimp used as live bait in the Brazilian coast used as live bait in sport fishing are: white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti and pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis, all of them included in the list of overexploited species. Although the shrimp are caught in estuaries throughout the year, the main period of capture occurs in the summer months. This fact produces significant fluctuations in the catch throughout the year, occurring in situations that greatly reduced catches. In view of these facts, the cultivation of shrimps for bait production could become an important tool for conservation and regulation of the market for live bait. Thus, the studies that comprise this thesis were directed to the production of pink shrimp F. brasiliensis in biofloc system and management studies related to transportation of shrimp as live bait. From the results observed in thesis, it was observed that there is already a well established method for the production of post-larvae of F. brasiliensis this phase is not an obstacle for the production of live bait. Furthermore, the results show that F. brasiliensis has a potential for the cultivation in biofloc system and can be reared in a stocking density of up to 100 shrimp/m² during the nursery stage and in a density of up to 75 shrimp/m² during the grow-out phase. Finally, it was observed that for the transport of F. brasiliensis the water temperature should be between 16 and 19 °C and stocking density should not exceed 3 shrimp / L or (16.5 g / L), the transport is recommended for a maximum of 10 hours to prevent mortality. Therefore, according to all data obtained in this thesis, post-larvae production, cultivation in biofloc system and transportation of F. brasiliensis to be used as live bait proved to be technically viable solutions to meet the needs of sport fisheries. / Além de popular e crescente no mundo todo, a pesca amadora é considerada uma importante atividade recreativa, econômica e social que movimenta uma ampla cadeia produtiva gerando emprego e renda. As principais espécies de camarões marinhos nativos da costa brasileira utilizados como isca viva na pesca amadora são: o camarão-branco Litopenaeus schmitti e os camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e Farfantepenaeus paulensis, todas incluídas na lista de espécies sobre-explotadas. Embora os camarões sejam capturados em estuários ao longo de todo o ano, o principal período de captura ocorre nos meses de verão. Este fato produz flutuações significativas na captura ao longo do ano, ocorrendo situações em que as capturas diminuem muito. Em vista destes fatos, o cultivo de camarões para produção de iscas vivas pode vir a ser um importante instrumento para a conservação e para regulação do mercado de isca viva. Portanto, os estudos que compõem esta tese foram direcionados para a produção do camarão-rosa F. brasiliensis em sistema de bioflocos e para estudos de manejo relacionados ao transporte destes camarões como isca viva. A partir dos resultados observados na tese, pode se verificar que já existe uma metodologia bem estabelecida para a produção de pós-larvas de F. brasiliensis não sendo esta fase um obstáculo para a produção de isca viva. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que F. brasiliensis apresenta um potencial para o cultivo em sistema de bioflocos podendo ser cultivado na densidade de estocagem de até 100 camarões/m2 durante a fase de berçário e até 75 camarões/m2 durante a fase de engorda. Por último, observou-se que para o transporte de F. brasiliensis a temperatura da água deve estar entre 16 e 19 °C e a densidade de estocagem não deve ultrapassar os 3 camarões/L ou (16,5 g/L), sendo recomendado o transporte por no máximo 10 horas para evitar mortalidades. Portanto, de acordo com os dados obtidos na presente tese, a produção de pós-larvas, o cultivo em sistema de bioflocos e o transporte de F. brasiliensis para a comercialização na forma de isca viva para suprir as necessidades da pesca amadora demonstrou ser tecnicamente viável.