Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion level of a low lignin hull, high-oil groat (CDC SO-I) oat on the performance, carcass characteristics and rumen degradation characteristics of feedlot cattle. In the first trial, 200 crossbred steers (average weight of 427.3 ± 22.4 kg) were allocated to 20 pens. Five treatments, formulated by replacing barley with increasing levels of CDC SO-I oat (Barley grain:CDC SO-I oat ratios of 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 0:100 ; DM basis) were used. Four pens were randomly allocated to each treatment diet. Over the entire study there was a linear decrease (P< 0.01) in DMI and ADG with increasing inclusion level of CDC SO-I oat, whereas feed efficiency (gain:feed) decreased (P= 0.03) quadratically. Days on feed also increased (P= 0.03) quadratically for the steers fed the higher levels of CDC SO-I oat. Increasing the inclusion level of CDC SO-I oat in the diet also decreased (P< 0.01) carcass weight, dressing percentage and grade fat linearly. However, there was no effect of treatment on rib eye area and lean yield percentage. There was no significant effect of treatment on marbling score. While the results of this trial point to a negative effect of CDC SO-I oat on finishing performance, there were minimal differences between cattle fed 100% barley as the concentrate versus those fed 75% barley: 25% oat blend.<p> Trial 2 involved a metabolism trial to determine the effect of CDC SO-I oat inclusion level on rumen fermentation parameters of 5 fistulated heifers fed the same diets used in Trial 1. A 5 × 5 Latin square experiment design was used. Rumen degradation parameters (rumen pH, VFA, osmolality and ammonia nitrogen levels) and feeding behavior (time spent eating, ruminating, chewing and drinking) were measured. Mean rumen pH for the barley-based diet was 5.88 which was not different (P> 0.05) than the mean pH of 5.5 for the oat-fed cattle. Treatment did not affect (P> 0.05) time spent below pH cutoff values of 5.8, 5.5 and 5.2. No effect of oat inclusion level (P> 0.05) was observed on total VFA levels, molar proportion of individual fatty acids and osmolality while isobutyrate (P= 0.05) and ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations decreased linearly (P= 0.02) with the higher inclusion of CDC SO-I oat. Time spent eating was linearly (P< 0.01) increased with higher inclusion level of CDC SO-I oat.<p> Over all, the results of this study indicate that the replacement of barley by CDC SO-I oat in finishing diets decreases dry matter intake and as a result leads to reduced ADG, increased days on feed and lower slaughter and carcass weights. The reduced performance might be the result of higher fat content, high hull and/or faster degradation rate of oat starch leading to subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle fed higher levels of oat. However, replacing barley with CDC SO-I oat does not significantly change the rumen environment. The results of this study indicate that CDC SO-I oat can be successfully included up to a maximum level of 25% without any adverse effect on performance and carcass characteristics in the diets of finishing cattle.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality among feedlot cattle. Mannheimia haemolytica is consistently implicated in this condition, but treatment options are diminishing with the rise of antimicrobial resistance and intensifying consumer pressure to reduce reliance on conventional therapies. Thus, sustainable alternatives like vaccination are required. In this study, the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of BRD pathogens were examined with the objective to identify vaccine targets using reverse vaccinology, an innovative approach to identify antigens via genomic sequence. Preliminary surveillance confirmed M. haemolytica serotype 2 isolates were predominant in healthy animals (75.5%) while serotypes 1 (70.7%) and 6 (19.5%) were common in diseased animals. Pathogens of BRD, including M. haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni were also isolated from North American BRD mortalities, and compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility. Concurrently, polymerase chain reaction detection of bacterial and viral agents confirmed that M. haemolytica with bovine viral diarrhea virus were the most prevalent. Whereas isolates from live cattle were found to have a relatively low level of resistance, several pathogens from the mortalities were found to contain integrative conjugative elements (ICE) conferring resistance to seven antimicrobial classes. These ICEs were transferred via conjugation to other bacterial species, emphasizing the need for alternative antimicrobial therapies. Collectively, data from these investigations informed the selection of 11 diverse M. haemolytica strains for whole genome sequencing and comparative analyses. Several bacteriophage associated genes and CRISPR-Cas regulated gene expression systems were identified and are likely contributing to virulence in M. haemolytica. Coding sequences across all genomes were screened using pan-genome analysis, identifying 291 candidates with cell-surface associated signatures. Using a cell-free translation system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the candidates were screened against serum from cattle challenged with serovar 1, 2 or 6 of M. haemolytica, and ranked according to immunogenicity. The top five vaccine candidates included Ssa1, ComE, a solute binding protein, an outer membrane protein, and the periplasmic component of an ABC transporter. With further characterization, these unique antigenic candidates could be developed into a vaccine to effectively reduce the dependence on antimicrobial therapies.

No description available.

Objectives of this study were to characterize feed efficiency traits and examine phenotypic relationships with feeding behavior traits in bulls. Performance, feed intake and feeding behavior traits were measured in bulls (n = 5,165) representing 2 breeds (4100 Angus and 952 Red Angus). Intake and feeding behavior traits were measured for 70-d using a GrowSafe system while fed a corn silage based diet (ME = 2.50 Mcal/kg DM). BW was measured at 14-d intervals. Residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated as the difference between actual DMI and that expected from regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 (MBW) and ADG, and residual gain (RG) as the difference between actual ADG and that expected from regression of ADG on MBW and DMI. Residual gain and intake (RIG) was computed as the sum of -1 x RFI and RG, both standardized to a variance of 1. Results from the study indicate that RFI was correlated with DMI (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001) but not MBW or ADG, whereas, RG was correlated with ADG (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) but not MBW or DMI. RFI was negatively correlated with G:F (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001) and RG (r = -0.40, P < 0.0001). Feeding bout (FB) frequency and duration were correlated with RFI (r = 0.30, 0.36; P < 0.001), but were not significant or weakly correlated (r < 0.10) with RG and G:F. Meal criterion and duration were both correlated (r = -0.13, 0.22; P < 0.0001) with RFI, but not with RG or G:F. Bulls with low RFI spent less time at the feed bunk (129 vs 151 ± 31.2 min/d) and had fewer FB events (79 vs 91 ± 23.4 events/d) than high-RFI bulls. Low-RFI bulls had longer (P < 0.001) meal criterion (9.9 vs 8.5 ± 6.6 min) indicating they took longer to initiate new meals, and had longer meal durations (223 vs 244 ± 43.5 min/d) than high-RFI bulls. Bulls have distinctive feeding behavior patterns that contribute to between-animal variation in RFI, but not associated with RG or G:F.

Orientador: Danilo Domingues Millen / Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a produção de proteína microbiana, pH e dinâmica ruminal, digestibilidade e degradabilidade ruminal de nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo, seletividade da dieta e imagens termográficas em bovinos Nelore canulados que passaram por período de restrição alimentar ou que consumiram concentrado antes da entrada no confinamento na fase de terminação. O delineamento experimental foi em quadrado latino contemporâneo 3 x 3. Foram utilizados 6 bovinos inteiros, com peso vivo aproximado de 236 ± 23 kg e com 20 meses de idade. Os tratamentos diferiram somente com relação ao tipo de dieta estabelecida na fase de pré-adaptação: Controle (volumoso ad libitum + suplemento mineral); Restrição (volumoso restrito a 1,4% do peso vivo + suplemento mineral) e Concentrado (volumoso ad libitum+ 0,5% do peso vivo de ingredientes). A duração do estudo foi em 115 dias, sendo 3 períodos experimentais (33 dias/período) e dois intervalos de washout (8 dias). Cada período foi dividido em: 14 dias de pré-adaptação, 6 dias em adaptação 1, 6 dias em adaptação 2 e 7 dias na dieta de terminação (72%, 79% e 86% de concentrado, respectivamente). Os dados deste estudo foram analisados pelo PROC MIXED do SAS (2003), sendo o teste de Tukey utilizado para comparação entre médias quando necessário, considerando o nível de 10% de significância. Conclui-se que que animais submetidos à restrição nutricional ou que consumiram ingredientes concentrados antes do confinamento apresentam comportamento ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Submitted by Lucas Domingos Ferreira Miranda null (lucas_f.miranda@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-06T17:08:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final.pdf: 1348044 bytes, checksum: eeb10efea599f5584d89b047b4a2485c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2017-12-11T12:05:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_ldf_me_bot.pdf: 1348044 bytes, checksum: eeb10efea599f5584d89b047b4a2485c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T12:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_ldf_me_bot.pdf: 1348044 bytes, checksum: eeb10efea599f5584d89b047b4a2485c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito de leveduras vivas e monensina sódica, em associação ou não, no desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça, perfil sanguíneo, comportamento ingestivo, seletividade da partícula e saúde ruminal em bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 77 animais machos não castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 353,23 ± 34,89 kg e provenientes de recria em sistema de pastejo contínuo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x2, sendo os fatores a inclusão de monensina ou leveduras vivas, e todos os tratamentos receberam a mesma dieta diferenciando apenas na inclusão dos aditivos. Cada tratamento foi composto por 6 baias (3 a 4 animais/baia), sendo estas consideradas as unidades experimentais para este estudo. O período experimental foi de 90 dias com adaptação em step up, aumentando o nível de concentrado da dieta de 67 até 87% na dieta de terminação. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio do procedimento MIXED do SAS, sendo considerado significativo P<0,05. Houve efeito significativo na ingestão de massa seca para os animais do tratamento monensina (P<0,01), assim como na conversão e eficiência alimentar (P=0,03 e P=0,02, respectivamente) quando comparados aos tratamentos sem monensina. A levedura por sua vez não proporcionou diferença nos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e não houve interação entre os aditivos. Os animais que receberam monensina apresentaram menor flutuação de consumo (P<0,01) e maior energia líquida de ganho (P<0,01). O perfil sanguíneo dos animais tratados com monensina diferiu significativamente dos tratamentos sem monensina nos parâmetros pressão de O2 (P=0,01), total de CO2 (P=0,03) e bicarbonato (P=0,04), enquanto a levedura proporcionou menor lactato sanguíneo (P<0,01). Não houve interação entre aditivos ou entre aditivos e fases, no entanto houve diferença significativa entre as fases de adaptação e terminação para praticamente todos os parâmetros avaliados (P<0,01), exceto para pH, pressão de O2 e saturação de O2. Houve interação entre monensina e fase no comportamento ingestivo, para os parâmetros tempo de alimentação e tempo de ócio. Houve interação entre fornecimento de leveduras e fase nos parâmetros de seletividade de partículas, nas peneiras 1 e 2. Para os parâmetros de saúde ruminal, os animais dos tratamentos com monensina apresentaram maior índice de rumenites (P<0,01) e melhores resultados para área média das papilas (P=0,01), área de superfície absortiva (P<0,01), representatividade da participação das papilas na área de superfície absortiva (P<0,01) comparado com os tratamentos sem monensina. Não houve interações ou efeito do uso de levedura nos parâmetros de morfologia ruminal. Na avaliação da histologia ruminal, a monensina proporcionou maior largura das papilas (P=0,03), menor espessura de queratina (P<0,01) e maior índice mitótico (P=0,03) em comparação aos animais controle. Os tratamentos com levedura obtiveram maior largura de papilas (P=0,03) e menor índice mitótico (P<0,01). Houve interação para área média das papilas (P=0,01). Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que as leveduras vivas podem ser uma alternativa em confinamentos de bovinos Nelore quando mercados mais exigentes não permitirem a utilização de ionóforos. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of live yeasts and monensina sodium, in association or not, on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, blood profile, ingestivo behavior, particle selectivity and ruminal health in Nellore cattle terminated in feedlot. A total of 77 uncastrated male animals were used, with initial average live weight of 353.23±34.89 kg and from rearing in a continuous grazing system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangemen, with the inclusion of monensin or living yeasts, all treatments received te same diet differing only in the inclusion of the additives. Each treatment consisted of 6 pen (3 to 4 animals/pen), these being considered the experimental units for this study. The experimental period was 90 days with step up adaptation, increasing the level of diet concentrate from 67 to 87% in the finishing diet. The results were evaluated through the SAS MIXED procedure, being considered significant P<0.05. There was a significant effect on dry matter intake for monensin (P<0.03 and P=0.02, respectively) when compared to treatments without monensin. The yeast did not provide any difference in the parameters of productive performance and there was no interaction between the additives. The animals receiving monensin showed lower consumption flutuation (P<0.01) and higher net gain energy (P<0.01). The blood profile of animals treated with monensin differed significantly from the treatments without monensin in the parameters O2 (P=0.01), total CO2 (P=0.03) and bicarbonate (P=0.04), while yeast lower blood lactate (P<0.01). There was no interaction between there was a significant difference between the adaptation and finishing phases for practically all the evaluated parameters (P<0.01), except for pH, O2 pressure and O2 saturation. There was interaction between monensin and phase in the ingestive behavior, for the parameters feeding time and leisure time. There was interaction between yeast supply and phase in the particle selectivity parameters in sieves 1 and 2. For the ruminal health parameters, the animals of the monensin treatments presented higher rumenites (P<0.01) and better results for the mean área of the papillae (P+0.01), the absorptive surfarce área (P<0.01), representativeness of the participation of the papillae in the absorptive surface área (P<0.01) compared to the treatments without monensin. There was no interaction or effect of yeast use on ruminal morphology. In the evaluation of ruminal histology, monensin provided greater papila width (P=0.03, lower keratin thickness (P<0.01) and higher mitotic index (P=0.03) compared to control animals. Yeast treatments obtained greater papila width (P=0.03) and lower mitotic index (P<0.01). There was interaction for the mean área of the papillae (P=0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that live yeasts may be na alternative in feedlots of Nellore cattle when more demanding markets don’t allow the use of ionophores. / FAPESP: 2016/02435-2

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Agronomy / Eduardo Alvarez Santos / Measurements of methane (CH₄) emissions from livestock production could provide invaluable data to reduce uncertainties in the global CH₄ budget and to evaluate mitigation strategies to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The eddy covariance (EC) technique has recently been applied as an alternative to measure CH₄ emissions from livestock systems, but heterogeneities in the source area and fetch limitations impose challenges to EC measurements. The main objectives of this study were to: 1) assess the performance of a closed-path EC system for measuring CH₄, CO₂, and H₂0 fluxes; 2) investigate the spatial variability of the EC fluxes in a cattle feedlot using flux footprint analysis; 3) estimate CH₄ emission rates per animal (Fanimal) from a beef cattle feedlot using the EC technique combined with two footprint models: an analytical footprint model (KM01) and a parametrization of a Lagrangian dispersion model (FFP); and 4) compare CH₄ emissions obtained using the EC technique and a footprint analysis with CH₄ emission estimates provided by a well-stablished backward-Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) model. A closed-path EC system was used to measure CH₄, CO₂, and H₂0 fluxes. To evaluate the performance of this closed-path system, a well-stablished open-path EC system was also deployed on the flux tower to measure CO₂ and H₂0 exchange. Methane concentration measurements and wind data provided by that system were used to estimate CH₄ emissions using the bLS model. The performance assessment that included comparison of gas cospectra and measured fluxes from the two EC systems showed that the closed-path system was suitable for the EC measurements. Flux values were quite variable during the field experiment. A one-dimensional flux footprint model was useful to interpret some of the flux temporal and spatial dynamics. Then, a more comprehensive data analysis was carried out using two-dimensional footprint models (FFP and KM01) to interpret fluxes and scale fluxes measured at landscape to animal level. The monthly average Fanimal, calculated using the footprint weighed stocking density ranged from 83 to 125 g animal⁻¹ d⁻¹ (KM01) and 75–114 g animal⁻¹ d⁻¹ (FFP). These emission values are consistent with the results from previous studies in feedlots however our results also suggested that in some occasions the movement of animals on the pens could have affected CH₄ emission estimates. The results from the comparisons between EC and bLS CH₄ emission estimates show good agreement (0.84; concordance coefficient) between the two methods. In addition, the precision of the EC as compared to the bLS estimates was improved by using a more rigorous fetch screening criterion. Overall, these results indicate that the eddy covariance technique can be successfully used to accurately measure CH₄ emissions from feedlot cattle. However, further work is still needed to quantify the uncertainties in Fanimal caused by errors in flux footprint model estimates and animal movement.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T14:19:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paulo_eduardo_pedrosa_barros.pdf: 717257 bytes, checksum: 261068fe571e550c21c70bc662de86ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T16:52:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paulo_eduardo_pedrosa_barros.pdf: 717257 bytes, checksum: 261068fe571e550c21c70bc662de86ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T16:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paulo_eduardo_pedrosa_barros.pdf: 717257 bytes, checksum: 261068fe571e550c21c70bc662de86ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de bovinos de dois grupamentos gen?ticos confinados recebendo dietas com diferentes n?veis de lip?deos. Foram utilizados 40 bovinos inteiros dos grupos gen?ticos Brangus e Nelore, com idade m?dia de 20 meses e peso corporal inicial m?dio de 361 ? 20 e 357 ? 10 kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram confinados durante 83 dias. Metade dos animais de cada grupo gen?tico foi submetida a uma dieta com baixo n?vel de lip?deos (pr?xima a 3% de extrato et?reo na mat?ria seca) e a outra metade, a uma dieta alta em lip?deos (acima de 6% de extrato et?reo na mat?ria seca), tendo o caro?o de algod?o como fonte de lip?deo. As dietas continham silagem de sorgo e concentrado na rela??o de 30: 70 e eram isoproteicas e isoenerg?ticas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (Brangus ou Nelore vs. Baixa Gordura X Alta Gordura) . N?o houve diferen?as (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto ao peso inicial, peso final, ingest?o de mat?ria seca, oferta de mat?ria seca, sobras, rela??o sobras/ingerido, rela??o sobra/ofertado e ganho m?dio di?rio, ingest?o de mat?ria seca como porcentagem do peso vivo e ganho m?dio di?rio. Entretanto, houve diferen?as (P<0,05) para efici?ncia alimentar e convers?o alimentar entre os grupos gen?ticos, sendo que os animais da ra?a Nelore foram mais eficientes e tiveram uma melhor convers?o alimentar. N?o houve diferen?as (P>0,05) entre as dietas e grupamento racial tampouco intera??es entre as seguintes vari?veis: conforma??o, maturidade fisiol?gica, cor, textura, ?rea de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcut?nea, profundidade externa, profundidade interna, peso do f?gado e peso da gordura perirrenal. Os animais Nelore tiveram um maior peso de carca?a se comparados com os Brangus (P<0,05) e tamb?m tiveram um melhor rendimento de carca?a (P<0,05). A digestibilidade das dietas foi determinada em experimento paralelo ao confinamento, utilizando-se doze novilhas Nelore, durante dois per?odos e n?o houve diferen?as para digestibilidade das dietas (P>0,05). A inclus?o de caro?o de algod?o em dietas para animais em confinamento variando o n?vel de extrato et?reo n?o alterou o desempenho e caracter?sticas de carca?a dos animais Nelore e Brangus. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The objective was to evaluate the productive performance of two genetic groups in receiving diets with different levels of lipids in the feedlot. Forty Brangus and Nellore bulls with average initial body weight of 361 ? 20 and 357 ? 10 kg, respectively, were utilized. The feedlot period was 83 days. Half of the animals from each group was subjected to a diet with low level of lipids (close to 3% of ether extract in dry-matter basis) and the other half, to a high-lipid diet (above 6% of ether extract in dry-matter basis), with cottonseed as the lipid source. Diets contained sorghum silage and concentrate in a 30: 70 ratio and were isoproteic and isocaloric. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangemet (Brangus or Nellore vs. Low-fat diet vs. High-fat diet). There were no differences (P>0.05) between treatments for initial and final body weight, dry matter intake, dry matter offer, orts, orts/intake ratio, orts/offered ratio, average daily gain, dry matter intake as percentage of body weight. However, there were differences (P<0.05) for feed efficiency and feed conversion between breeding groups, with Nellore animals being better. There were no differences (P>0.05) between diets and breeding groups neither interaction for the following variables: conformation, physiological maturity, color, texture, ribeye area, fat thickness, external depth, internal depth, liver weight, and perirenal fat weight. Nellore animals had greater carcass weight compared with Brangus and had better carcass yield. Digestibility of diets was determined in a parallel experiment, utilizing 12 Nellore heifers, during two periods. There were no differences (P>0.05). The inclusion of cottonseed in diets for feedlot animals varying the level of ether extract did not affected the performance and carcass traits of Nellore and Brangus animals.

COSTA, Joaquim Bezerra. Avaliação nutricional de dietas contendo quatro níveis de inclusão e dois graus de moagem do subproduto do caju (Anacardium occidentale, L.) em ovinos. 2008. 79 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T14:57:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jbcosta.pdf: 866284 bytes, checksum: dc018f732ea17f3af3d1e099bcfa11b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T14:58:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jbcosta.pdf: 866284 bytes, checksum: dc018f732ea17f3af3d1e099bcfa11b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T14:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jbcosta.pdf: 866284 bytes, checksum: dc018f732ea17f3af3d1e099bcfa11b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O presente estudo foi conduzido objetivando-se avaliar a influência dos níveis de inclusão e graus de moagem do resíduo de caju (Anacardium occidentale, L.) sobre o consumo, coeficientes de digestibilidade, parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo e o pH do líquido ruminal de dietas experimentais isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas contendo o resíduo de caju fornecidas a ovinos em terminação. Vinte e quatro ovinos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 X 2, quatro níveis de inclusão (11, 21, 28 e 33%) de subproduto de caju em dois graus de moagem (três e 19 mm de diâmetro da peneira do triturador de grãos, representando moagem fina e grosseira, respectivamente), em substituição ao feno de capim Aruana (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana), milho e torta de algodão, perfazendo oito tratamentos experimentais. O consumo, com exceção das hemiceluloses, e os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos parâmetros avaliados não foram afetados pelos graus de moagem aplicados ao subproduto de caju. A inclusão do subproduto de caju, em dietas para pequenos ruminantes, em até 33% do total dietético não afeta o consumo. Quando incluso em níveis superiores a 21 %, o subproduto de caju pode provocar redução nos coeficientes de digestibilidade do EE e FDN dietéticos. Já a inclusão deste subproduto em níveis superiores a 28% à dieta, pode reduzir a digestibilidade da MS, MO, e energia bruta. O tempo gasto com alimentação foi reduzido com a inclusão do resíduo em altas proporções da dieta, entretanto, elevados níveis de inclusão do resíduo de caju não promoveram redução no tempo gasto com ruminação. O pH do líquido ruminal foi maior para as dietas com os maiores níveis de inclusão do resíduo. Os resultados indicam que o resíduo de caju pode ser utilizado em dietas para ovinos em terminação, nas mesmas condições aplicadas neste trabalho, em níveis de até 21%, em ambos os graus de moagem.

Orientador: Mário De Beni Arrigoni / Resumo: A inclusão de gordura na dieta de ruminantes pode alterar o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne e afetar os parâmetros de qualidade do produto. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de diferentes fontes de lipídios para bovinos Nelore confinados e seus impactos no perfil lipídico, vida de prateleira e características sensoriais da carne. Noventa e seis bovinos machos, não castrados da raça Nelore com média de idade de 22 meses e peso vivo inicial de 399,90kg (±19,32kg) foram divididos e alocados em 24 baias do confinamento experimental da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu onde receberam dietas com fontes lipídicas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, divididos em quatro tratamentos, sendo o peso inicial dos animais considerado para a formação dos blocos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos da seguinte forma: Coprodutos (COP), com adição de fontes naturais de lipídios, provenientes de caroço de algodão e gérmen de milho; Nutrigordura® (NUTR), com a inclusão de fonte de lipídios protegidos da degradação ruminal provenientes de óleo de soja; Blend, com a inclusão de combinação de ácidos graxos protegidos da degradação ruminal provenientes de fontes vegetais e Mix, com a adição de fontes naturais de lipídios, provenientes de caroço de algodão e gérmen de milho e combinação de ácidos graxos protegidos da degradação ruminal provenientes de fontes vegetais (Blend). Os bovinos foram submetidos a uma dieta de adaptação por um período de 10 dias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre