Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Regina Locoselli de Almeida.pdf: 572929 bytes, checksum: 75b7ac94bbcbc44c8c2ab22b6a88c3ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-18 / The main focus of this research is to investigate the concept of Firstness, which principal feature on Peirce s phenomenology plan is drowned on the interiority of feelings. It is this category that defines the typical poet s experience, namely, which Peirce defines as `looking to the world as it appears itself in its Firstness, without mediations', diving the senses in the diversity of emerging qualities. Firstness suggests variety, spontaneity, rupture with continuum time, providing us with an aesthetic experience as something that would happens in a phenomenological environment highly marked by the possibilities to create new signs: the artist moves himself inside this freedom what is, in its essence, basically heuristic / O foco principal desta pesquisa é investigar o conceito de Primeiridade, cuja característica principal no plano da fenomenologia de Peirce desenha-se na interioridade dos sentimentos. É esta categoria que define a experiência típica do poeta, a saber, aquela que Peirce define como olhar para o mundo como ele se apresenta em sua presentidade, sem mediações , mergulhando os sentidos na diversidade de qualidades que surgem. A Primeiridade nos sugere variedade, espontaneidade, ruptura com o continuum temporal, nos proporcionando uma experiência estética como algo que se dá num ambiente fenomenológico altamente marcado pelas possibilidades de criação de signos novos: o artista movimenta-se dentro desta liberdade que é, em sua essência, fundamentalmente heurística

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-04T11:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilio Ferreira Soares.pdf: 1569449 bytes, checksum: ce5184b068bbf8648f988752ec3bc0e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T11:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilio Ferreira Soares.pdf: 1569449 bytes, checksum: ce5184b068bbf8648f988752ec3bc0e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to make some considerations about the role of Contemplation as an experience of phenomenological Firstness within the thinking of the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. In order to achieve this objective a description of the Science called Phenomenology is proposed. Phenomenology or Phaneroscopy is the first and most fundamental Science that composes the Philosophy within the authors’ systematic thinking, which also includes the Normative Sciences and the Scientific Metaphysics, on which will be made very brief considerations here, but of great importance. Through the understanding of the importance and the scope of Peirce’s Phenomenology, the focus here shall be in a more detailed manner on that which is called its first category, Firstness. In doing so, the experience of Contemplation shall be dealt as a privileged form of pure experience of such category, with the description of some of its characteristic elements / Este Trabalho tem como objetivo tecer algumas considerações acerca do papel da Contemplação como experiência da Primeiridade fenomenológica no interior do pensamento do filósofo norte-americano Charles Sanders Peirce. Para atingir esse objetivo, propõe-se uma descrição da Ciência denominada Fenomenologia. Fenomenologia ou Faneroscopia é a primeira e fundamental ciência que compõe a Filosofia no interior do pensamento sistemático do autor, que também inclui as Ciências Normativas e a Metafísica científica, sobre as quais aqui se farão considerações brevíssimas, mas de grande importância. Através do entendimento do relevo e do escopo da Fenomenologia de Peirce, focar-se-á de maneira mais detida aquela que constitui a sua primeira categoria, a Primeiridade. Assim, em seguida, aborda-se a experiência de Contemplação como uma forma privilegiada da experiência pura de tal categoria, com a descrição de alguns de seus elementos característicos

To be able to be an active participant in today’s society, equal access and ease of use on the web is a must since a variety of our day to day activities happen on the web, something that is made more difficult with bad accessibility design. This paper investigated a selection of profit-driven e-commerce sites in regards to how they design for accessibility by evaluating them in accordance to how they comply with WCAG 2.0. This result was then compared to some different factors. The differences found between these factors shed some light on some other factors that should be kept in mind when designing an accessible e-commerce experience, namely how sales-channel dependency and commoditization of product stock may contribute to accessibility design by survivor bias and website complexity. The study found that having a high commoditization of product stock and a high sales-channel dependency correlated with better accessibility design. Furthermore, sites using newer frameworks and/or versions of said frameworks had better measured accessibility than their counterparts, showing that technical choices is a factor that should be considered for accessibility success in practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Bernardo Schettini.pdf: 914993 bytes, checksum: afd8e0ac16f34a69e9b3289fedc8334b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the nineteenth century the industrial uprising and demographic blowing were born, also bearing the first technical means of communication, like the telegraph and photography. Allied to the first printer machines, these means of communication were responsible for the rush in of journalism as also the appearing of the mass medium. At the same time, a revolution arose in the means of transport, that resulted from arose of the steam engine. Meanwhile, great breakages appeared in the artistic and literary world, changing abruptly the old inherited rules from the past. After all, it s a century plenty in great transformations, certainly done in order to follow the conceptual ones. What are the most paradigmatic concepts of these transformations? How Charles Sanders Peirce, certainly the best American thinker by that time, has reacted to them, while creating his own general signs theory, in a remarkable foreseeing the growing proliferation of the signs that would be the twentieth century landmark. These are the central questions of this research. The preliminary studies about history of the ideas during the twentieth century, bring us to the hypothesis that two of the main conceptual tendencies uprising in this century, to increase the value of the instant as a new moment of the time and the theory of evolutionism, have found in Pierces philosophy innovative formulations, whose can supply us the assistance for reading the cultural structures the means of mass communication put on the surface. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to bring the reflection about the likeliness between the Peirce s concept of firstness and the instant concept, as so to make an analysis of the dialog developed between Peirce and the evolutionist thinking, which doesn t remains to the limits of biology, but reach far into in all social extensions: the economics, politics and also the cultural ones. Concerning the fact this is an imminent theoretical search, the method adopted by us was based upon in bibliography research, in the methodological conceptual arrangements and argumentation techniques proper to use in this kind of search. In respect to the subject about instant in the nineteenth century, was assumed as a starting point the Leo Charney s study - Into an Instant: the cinema and the modernity philosophy . This paper brings us an adequate knowledge in respect to prize the instant that emerges in an esthetical field of activity in that period, as a way to rescue a possibility sensorial reply face the transitory and the excess stimuli that appears from modern environment. The conception of firstness developed by Peirce was submitted to an analysis, based upon author s written itself and from contributions based on some commentators, mainly Santaella and Rosensohn. The comparative study between primarily and instant, has show to us both may be known as ruptures to an excess of stimulus provided by modernity, the overwhelming population increase and by modifications of the communication environment, due to the uprising of new means of mass communication and the increase of the subsisted ones. The exam of the aforementioned correspondence was followed by the analysis and interpretation regarding to the Peirce s reflections about evolutionism, in great expansion during the nineteenth century, owing to implications from Darwinism. We have examined the theories established by Peirce, in order to explain the evolutive process, which itself, into the Peirce s perspective not only the live beings but also the nations, institutions and ideas were submitted. The author s writes and those from some of the contemporary ones like Ernest Mayr and Stephen Jay Gould, were the main theory sources from this part of this study / O século XIX viu nascer a produção industrial de bens materiais e a explosão demográfica. Trouxe também à luz os primeiros meios técnicos de comunicação, o telégrafo e a fotografia. Aliados às máquinas impressoras, esses meios foram responsáveis pela explosão do jornal e pelo advento da comunicação de massa. Ao mesmo tempo, revolucionaram-se os meios de transporte acionados pela máquina a vapor. Enquanto isso, surgiam grandes rupturas no mundo da arte e da literatura, subvertendo as regras de representação herdadas do passado. Enfim, trata-se de um século de grandes transformações que se fizeram certamente acompanhar por transformações conceituais. Quais os conceitos mais paradigmáticos dessas transformações? Como Charles Sanders Peirce, sem dúvida, o maior pensador norte-americano do período, reagiu a elas, enquanto criava a sua teoria geral dos signos, numa remarcável antecipação da proliferação crescente de signos que seria a tônica do século XX? Essas são as perguntas centrais propostas por esta pesquisa. Os estudos preliminares sobre a história das idéias do século XIX nos levaram à hipótese de que duas das principais correntes conceituais que emergiram nesse século, a valorização do instante como nova instância do tempo e o evolucionismo encontraram na filosofia de Peirce formulações inovadoras que podem nos fornecer subsídios para a leitura das formações culturais que os meios de comunicação de massa trouxeram à tona. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi trazer à reflexão a semelhança entre a concepção peirceana de primeiridade e o conceito de instante, assim como analisar o diálogo que Peirce desenvolve com o pensamento evolucionista que não se circunscreve aos limites da biologia, mas penetra também em todas as dimensões do social: o econômico, o político e o cultural. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa eminentemente teórica, a metodologia adotada respaldou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, na sistematização dos conceitos e nas técnicas de argumentação que cabem a esse tipo de pesquisa. Para o tema do instante no século XIX foi tomado como ponto de partida o estudo de Leo Charney - Num instante: o cinema e a filosofia da modernidade . Este trabalho nos fez compreender a valorização do instante que emerge no campo da estética no período oitocentista como uma forma de resgatar a possibilidade de resposta sensorial diante da transitoriedade e do excesso de estímulos do ambiente moderno. A concepção de primeiridade desenvolvida por Peirce foi analisada, a partir dos escritos do próprio autor e das contribuições de alguns de seus comentaristas, principalmente Santaella e Rosensohn. O estudo comparativo entre a primeiridade e o instante revelou-nos que ambos podem ser interpretados como rupturas ao excesso de estímulos da modernidade, engendrados pela explosão demográfica e pela transformação do ambiente comunicacional em função do surgimento de novos meios de comunicação de massa e da expansão dos já existentes. O exame do paralelismo acima exposto foi seguido pela análise e interpretação das reflexões de Peirce sobre o evolucionismo em franca expansão no século XIX, devido às implicações advindas da teoria Darwiniana. Examinamos as teorizações que Peirce estabelece para explicar o processo evolutivo, ao qual, em sua perspectiva, não somente os seres vivos, mas também os Estados, instituições, linguagens e idéias estariam submetidos. Os escritos do autor e de alguns dos principais evolucionistas contemporâneos, especialmente Ernest Mayr e Stephen Jay Gould, foram as principais fontes teóricas desta parte da tese

Contemporary philosopher of science Nancy Cartwright (b. 1944) has raised many an eyebrow with her books How the Laws of Physics Lie (1983) and The Dappled World (1999), among others. The primary task of this dissertation is to link her philosophy with that of Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914)—a link that includes Duns Scotus. My focus is especially on the criticism Peirce would have of Cartwright, and on the philosophical support he can offer her. The question is this: Given her stated philosophy of science, to what else must Cartwright be philosophically committed? This includes discussions of metaphysics, scholastic realism, laws of nature, and the very possibility of science. There are many striking similarities between Peirce and Cartwright, but I argue that he sees further and deeper into the metaphysical implications of her views on science. / Graduate