Nesse trabalho apresentamos um estudo da evolução histórica das principais técnicas de pesca utilizadas pelos pescadores caiçaras do litoral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, a partir da década de 1910, buscando relacionar as transformações técnicas com as mudanças socioambientais ocorridas na costa paulista. Estudamos as técnicas de pesca a partir da evolução dos petrechos (ferramentas de pesca e acessórios), dos materiais (do que são feitos os petrechos), dos métodos (como são usados os petrechos) e das embarcações (como são utilizadas, conforme a escolha do método). Além das pesquisas bibliográficas e historiográficas, foram realizados trabalhos de campo com coleta de depoimentos de pescadores artesanais e industriais, além de pesquisadores e outras pessoas ligadas à atividade pesqueira. / In this work, we present a study of the historical evolution of the main fishing techniques used by traditional fishermen (known as \"caiçaras\") on the coast of the state of São Paulo, Brasil, from the 1910s on, seeking to relate the technical transformations to the social and environmental changes. We studied the fishing techniques from the evolution of fishing gears (fishing tools and accessories), materials (what the tools are made of), methods (how the tools are used) and vessels (how they are used, according to the chosen method). In addition to the literature and historiography researches, fieldworks were conducted to collect testimony from artisanal and industrial fishermen, as well as researchers and other people linked to the fishing activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Geandro Pantoja.pdf: 1759754 bytes, checksum: 5e22e625ba58946a41262cfe2499c774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The intensification of the fishing activity in the Amazonian basin can be attributed the technological changes set off in the sector and to an assembly of political, social and economic factors, emerged the enviromental movement of riverin communities, known as riverin movement of preservation of lakes . This movement developed itself into the several riverin communities, sustaineds by Catholic Church, through Land s Comission, in the process of social and political structuration, organization and mobilization, aiming, as according to every case, to introduce, to fortify or to adapt local initiatives of management of the fishing resources. In the town of Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil, this type of initiative assumed consistence, objectivity, and lawfulness with the creation of the Environmental Group Alive Nature Granav and with the insertion or adaptation of the agreements of fishing in conformity with the proposal of co-management of the fishing resourses. Before this scenery and yours implications, this study search understand, show up and explain contexts, motivations and means of this initiatives, through an interdisciplinary approach, on the basis of a case study about: the proposal of adaptation of the communal agreement of fishing articulated by the Granav (Paraná of Parintins, Valéria, Laguinho, Murituba and Jauari) to the normative instruction 29/2002; and the process of construction of the Macuricanã s intercommunitary agreement of fishing, that corresponds to the first right and fact initiative of the co-management in the referred town. / Com a intensificação da atividade pesqueira na bacia Amazônica, deflagrada por mudanças tecnológicas no setor e por um conjunto de fatores políticos e socioeconômicos, eclodiu o movimento ambientalista de comunidades caboclas ribeirinhas, conhecido como movimento ribeirinho de preservação dos lagos . Este movimento desenvolveu-se em várias comunidades caboclas-ribeirinhas, principalmente com o apoio da Igreja Católica, por meio da Comissão Pastoral da Terra CPT, num processo de estruturação, organização e mobilização sociopolítica, visando, conforme cada caso, implementar, adaptar ou fortalecer instituições locais de gestão do uso dos recursos pesqueiros. No município de Parintins-Am, iniciativas dessa natureza adquiriram consistência, objetividade e legitimidade com a criação do Grupo Ambiental Natureza Viva Granav (1992) e com a implementação/adaptação de acordos de pesca em conformidade com a proposta de co-gestão do uso dos recursos pesqueiros. Diante deste cenário e de suas implicações, este estudo procura compreender, evidenciar e explicar contextos, motivações, meios e resultados concernentes a estas iniciativas, através de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, com base num estudo de caso sobre: a proposta de adequação à instrução normativa 29/2002 dos acordos de pesca comunitários articulados e coordenados pelo Granav (Paraná de Parintins, Valéria, Laguinho, Murituba e Jauari); e o processo de construção do acordo de pesca intercomunitário do Macuricanã, o qual corresponde à primeira iniciativa de fato e de direito da co-gestão no referido município.

nÃo hà / Redonda, comunidade pesqueira distante 200 km de Fortaleza, capital do estado do Cearà - Brasil, està localizada nas coordenadas geogrÃficas 04Â25Â28,79â S e 037Â54Â17,97â W. A Praia de Redonda tem o segundo maior contingente populacional do municÃpio a que pertence â IcapuÃ, com 3.000 habitantes, com um total de aproximadamente 610 famÃlias, e tem o segundo maior nÃmero de embarcaÃÃes à vela destinadas à pesca de lagosta, atrÃs somente da capital Fortaleza. O estudo propÃe a construÃÃo de um modelo de gestÃo participativa â cogestÃo â que pode promover a conservaÃÃo da pesca e dos recursos pesqueiros em grande escala, a partir da implementaÃÃo de modelo piloto em comunidades pesqueiras, integrando o elemento humano (usuÃrio) ao manejo pesqueiro. O objetivo geral dessa proposta foi realizar um levantamento do estado da arte do setor pesqueiro na comunidade de Redonda e estabelecer um marco de trabalho para o desenho dos planos de gestÃo dos recursos pesqueiros. Os planos de gestÃo incorporam princÃpios de sustentabilidade utilizando uma aproximaÃÃo de gestÃo integrada das Ãreas costeiras. O modelo de gestÃo foi baseado na participaÃÃo de todos os agentes envolvidos no setor pesqueiro, local ou nÃo, participando no processo de desenho, elaboraÃÃo e implementaÃÃo do plano de co-gestÃo. O estudo comeÃou a partir da aceitaÃÃo da necessidade de um novo modelo de gerenciamento pesqueiro cooperativo na Comunidade objeto do estudo, passando pela compreensÃo de que o sucesso da co-gestÃo pesqueira nÃo à somente dependente da boa implementaÃÃo do programa, mas tambÃm sobre o modo de como a idÃia foi concebida. Nosso foco no estÃgio da prÃimplementaÃÃo nos levou a examinar a origem da idÃia e de que maneira, ou circunstÃncias, esse processo comeÃou na Comunidade para, a partir desse ponto, ter inÃcio a fase de levantamento de dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre 2007 e 2010 e esteve baseada na coleta de dados primÃrios e dados secundÃrios. O principal conflito relatado por moradores na Praia de Redonda à a luta de seus pescadores contra a presenÃa de mergulhadores na Ãrea de pesca de Redonda. A soluÃÃo da crise apresentada pela populaÃÃo à a criaÃÃo de uma AMP - Ãrea Marinha Protegida, com 2.200 kmÂ, dentro do que preconiza a lei do SNUC â Sistema Nacional de Unidades de ConservaÃÃo, beneficiando 13 comunidades pesqueiras pertencentes aos municÃpios de Aracati e Icapuà e aproximadamente 1930 pescadores. Foram contabilizadas 229 embarcaÃÃes pesqueiras somente em Redonda e, dessas, 180 unidades sÃo denominadas bote de casco e representam 78,6% da frota local. As principais artes de pesca utilizadas em Redonda sÃo as cangalhas para a captura de lagosta, enquanto que para a captura de peixe sÃo utilizadas as redes de espera, espinhel e linha de mÃo. A produÃÃo mÃdia de lagosta viva desembarcada em Redonda, no perÃodo de 2004 a 2009 foi 47,8 kg/barco/dia. AlÃm de lagosta, os peixes mais pescados sÃo: guaiÃba, cioba, dentÃo, sirigado, guarajuba, cavala, dourado, agulhÃo e albacora. O estudo demonstra a necessidade da implementaÃÃo do sistema de co-gestÃo pesqueira para a pesca artesanal na regiÃo leste do Estado como forma de propiciar a sustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira. / Redonda, a fishing village that is 200 km away from Fortaleza, capital of Cearà State - Brazil, located at geographical coordinates 04 25â 28,79â S and 037 54â 17,97â W. Redonda Beach has the second largest population in the city, to which it belongs - IcapuÃ, with 3,000 inhabitants, with a total of about 610 families and a large number of sailing lobster boats, second only to the State capital, Fortaleza. The purpose of this study is the building of a model of participative management â co-management â which can promote the conservation of fisheries and fishery resources in a large scale, through the implementation of a pilot model in artisanal fisheries villages, integrating the human element (user) to fisheries management. The overall objective of this proposal was to survey the state of the art of the fishing sector in the Redonda community and establish a frame of work for the design of management plans for fishery resources. Management plans incorporate principles of sustainability using an approximation of integrated management of coastal zones. The management model was based on the participation of all stakeholders in the local fishing industry or not, participating in the process of designing, developing and implementing the plan of co-management. The study began by accepting the need for a new model of cooperative fishery management in the Community object of study, and realizing that the success of fisheries co-management is not only dependent on the successful implementation of the program, but also how the idea was conceived. Our focus at the pre-implementation stage led us to examine the origin of the idea and in what manner, or circumstances, this process began in the Community, and from there, began the data collection phase. Data was collected between 2007 and 2010 and was based on primary and secondary data. The main conflict reported by residents in Redonda Beach is its fishermenâs struggle against the presence of divers in the fishing area of Redonda. The solution presented by the population was the creation of an AMP - Marine Protected Area, with 2,200 square kilometers, in accordance with SNUC - National System of Conservation Units, benefiting 13 fishing communities belonging to the municipalities of Aracati and Icapuà and about 1,930 fishermen. In Redonda, alone, 229 fishing boats were accounted for out of which 180 are called boat hull and represent 78.6% of the local fleet. The main fishing gear used are cangalhas to catch lobster and fish is caught through the use of gill nets, longlines and hand line. The average landing of live lobsters in Redonda, from 2004 through 2009 was 47.8 kg/boat/day. Other than lobster, some important landed species are: yellowtail snapper, red snapper, dentÃo, sirigado, guarajuba, mackerel, dourado, marlin and yellowfin tuna. The study demonstrates the need of implementation of a fisheries comanagement system for artisanal fisheries in the eastern coast of the State as a means to provide the sustainability of the fishing activity.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Poverty dynamics and livelihood challenges among small-scale fishing communities on Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) The aim of this study was to assess poverty among small-scale fishing communities on Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) as well to as identify livelihood challenges that confront them. Two fishing communities were used as case studies and were uniquely selected from among the many fishing camps/villages dotted along the Zimbabwean shoreline of Lake Kariba. Depending on gear type, fishing activities on Lake Kariba target both the smaller-sized Kapenta species and larger species such as the bream and the tiger. Fishing activities are a major livelihood source for fishers in the two case studies upon which they obtain food and derive income to address other family needs. Mutual linkages and exchanges also exist between fishing camps/villages and communal areas where land-based activities such as cropping and livestock rearing are carried out. Before fieldwork, there was a pre-conceived notion that members of fishing communities on Lake Kariba were very poor. Although the fishers expressed desires for a better life than they were experiencing, they did not consider themselves poor. Instead, they rated their economic position as well off compared to some of their urban counterparts. However, on further interrogation, the study revealed that the fishers were facing a set of vulnerabilities that is commonly associated with the fishing profession. These vulnerabilities had substantial impacts on the livelihood system of these fishers. Using vulnerability ladders, a picture was painted depicting the severity of these vulnerabilities. It emerged that fishers were more vulnerable to existing state institutions that are designed to manage access to and the use of natural resources in the country. There are several reasons to suggest why this is the case which include, (i) the high cost of accessing the fishery, (ii) the stern measures in place that restrict access to and use of the fishery, and (iii) the punitive measures imposed for contravening rules of access and use of the fishery. Although restricting access is in line with the principle of long run sustainability of the fishery, it may threaten the development of the fishing industry and impact negatively on livelihoods of communities involved. Unlike fisheries elsewhere in the world, Lake Kariba is not viewed as a vehicle for reducing poverty and achieving food security. On the contrary, government places emphasis on preserving and enhancing the natural environment both aquatic and non-aquatic with a view to sustaining tourism. Under such a paradigm, fishing is viewed as a threat to the natural environment and requires strict management. Heavy fines are therefore imposed on users that violate the rules of access. Many of the fishers have had their properties attached after failing to raise the necessary amounts to cover the fines. By shifting away from the promotion of fisheries, government has accelerated the decline of the small-scale fishing industry on Lake Kariba, through narrowing the fishers action space and creating an environment conducive for corruption. The decline has subsequently shrunk the livelihoods base of local communities as well as many others who are associated with the fishing industry. While the sustainability of the fishery is paramount, government needs to reconsider its strategy on governing and managing fisheries on Lake Kariba. Given enough support, small-scale fisheries on Lake Kariba have the potential to contribute significantly to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. Small-scale fisheries have also proved their resilience in the wake of the severe economic crisis that Zimbabwe experienced between 2007 and 2009. During this period, there were widespread shortages of basic food items in the country and the demand for fish and fish products rose drastically. The fishers reported that there was an increase in the demand for fish during the crisis period to the extent that they could not supply enough to satisfy the market. This supports the observation by the United Nations (2010) that fisheries, in particular small-scale, can play an important role in the economy in terms of livelihoods, poverty reduction and food security. Fishing activities are also the perfect complement to other land-based livelihood activities for communities that live in close proximity to large water bodies.

Magister Legum - LLM / German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

Florida is the “Fishing Capital of the World”. With 3.1 million recreational anglers and total recreational fishing-related expenditures of $5 billion in 2011, Florida ranked first in the nation. Given the large benefits of recreational fishing in Florida, assessing the preferences of anglers is critical for sustaining the substantial benefits obtained from recreational fishing in Florida. The objective of this study is to estimate the value of fishing attributes using data on recreational fishing services offered by guides and outfitters. Hedonic price models are applied to estimate the implicit prices of fishing trip attributes and features. The estimated total economic impacts suggest that recreational fishing activities have added $151.19 million value to the economy of Florida and generated $69.73 million in total output. The results can be used by state and national policymakers for future policy design and management of this unique ecosystem service to ensure a sustainable economy.

El proyecto está situado en la costa de Pucusana, un balneario reconocido por su gran diversidad de recursos hidrobiológicos. Actualmente, existe un terminal pesquero en la costa, sin embargo, las condiciones precarias de las instalaciones y la falta de logística entorpecen el correcto procesamiento de los recursos hidrobiológicos. La pesca artesanal es la economía primaria de Pucusana, por lo tanto, una infraestructura deficiente afecta directamente la calidad de vida e ingresos de los pobladores del distrito. La municipalidad de Pucusana ha previsto la reconstrucción del terminal para potenciar el desarrollo de la actividad pesquera. Además, existen una serie de artículos que hacen mención a la implementación de espacios públicos y áreas verdes en el distrito, además de la mejora del malecón. Para lograr la conexión entre la naturaleza y el contexto urbano, se aplicó una interpretación de la teoría de los “Límites Difusos” de Toyo Ito, cuya evolución incorpora términos como trasferencia intencional, permeabilidad y arquitectura flexible. Basada en la abstracción, la teoría estudia una arquitectura del más allá, en la que no se puede intuir el límite entre las barreras físicas y el entorno natural, es decir, un diseño que interactúa a semejante nivel interior – exterior o natural – artificial, que el espacio logra su fuga. El proyecto de tesis comprende el desarrollo del malecón y el terminal pesquero turístico, enfatizando la fluidez a partir de la superposición de plataformas que continúan la forma natural de la franja costera; permitiendo un entorno legible y en constante interacción con la naturaleza. / The project is set in the coast of Pucusana, a Peruvian beach known for its vast diversity of marine species and resources. Currently, a fishing terminal is located there, but the deplorable sanitary conditions of the premises and lack of logistics hinder the processing of the hydrobiological resources. Artisanal fishing is the primary economy of Pucusana, therefore a deficient infrastructure directly affects the quality of the fishermen’s lives and incomes. The municipality of the district had envisioned the reconstruction of the terminal to ensure the improvement of the fishing activity. There were also several articles mentioning the upgrade of public and green areas around the coast, which evidences the need for a fishing terminal which emphasizes its touristic and recreational character. In order to reassure the connection between nature and the urban environment, an interpretation of the Toyo Ito’s “Blurring Architecture”. Based on the concept of abstraction, the theory follows an architecture that lays beyond, in which the user may not intuit the limit between the inside – outside or natural – artificial compounds. This is reflected in a design that allows an interaction with its natural environment, letting the spatiality leak out of the concrete casket. The thesis project comprehends the development of the boardwalk and the tourist fishing terminal; emphasizing the fluidity of the design through the overlapping of platforms that continue the natural form of the coast border, which allow a clear environment and a constant interaction with nature. Terminal Pesquero; Interacción; Conexión; Naturaleza; Limites Difusos. / Tesis

Les prud’homies de pêche sont des communautés de patrons pêcheurs qui sont nées en France au Moyen-Âge sur les côtes méditerranéennes en Provence et ont su se maintenir malgré les changements de régime tout en étant encadrées par le pouvoir central. Régies jusqu’à nos jours par le décret, à peine modifié, du 19 novembre 1859 sur la police de la pêche dans le cinquième arrondissement maritime de Toulon, les prud’homies ont des caractères originaux. Institutions ambiguës et hybrides, les prud’homies de pêche constituent à la fois une communauté professionnelle et une juridiction de pêcheurs. À leurs têtes, des prud’hommes pêcheurs élus par leurs pairs, exercent, sous le contrôle de l’administration maritime, une pluralité de pouvoirs : réglementaires, disciplinaires, de police et judiciaires souvent exorbitants du droit et de la procédure communs. Ils connaissent parfaitement les territoires de pêches et effectuent une régulation économique et écologique de la pêche en Méditerranée. À ce titre, ils apparaissent comme des acteurs importants de la protection des espaces maritimes et de la préservation des ressources halieutiques. Leur histoire et leur statut rendent compte de leur évolution face aux transformations de la pêche maritime. Cette évolution conduit à s’interroger sur l’effectivité de leur rôle face aux autres organisations de pêches maritimes, à la fois nationales et européennes. / Fishing Prud'homies are communities of ship-owners that were created in France in the Middle Ages on the Mediterranean coast in Provence and were able to survive despite regime changes, while being supervised by the central government. Governed to this day by the decree, only slightly modified, of November 19th 1859 on the police of fishing in the maritime fifth arrondissement in Toulon, prud'homies have an original character. Ambiguous and hybrid institutions, prud'homies form both a professional community and jurisdiction of fishermen. At their head, prud'hommes fishermen, elected by their peers, have under the control of the Maritime Administration a plurality of powers : regulatory, disciplinary, policing and judicial often exorbitant compared to common law and procedures. They know perfectly the fishing areas and perform an economic and ecological regulation of fishing in the Mediterranean sea. As such, they appear as important actors in the protection of maritime areas and the conservation of fishing resources. Their history and status report on their evolution in response to changes in sea fishing. This trend raises questions about the effectiveness of their role in relation to other fishing organisations, both national and European.

A total of 192 largemouth bass were caught at Lake Ray Roberts, Texas (1995) to investigate five controversial bass angling techniques relative to hooking mortality. The bait types were Texas-rigged scented and non-scented plastic worms, Carolina-rigged scented and non-scented plastic worms, and live golden shiners. Overall hooking mortality was 21.87% and mortality was dependent upon bait type. Highest mortality resulted from the Texas-rigged scented lures, while the lowest mortality was generated by live golden shiners. A creel survey indicated that few anglers were having success with the investigated baits. Factors that had a confirmed effect on hooking mortality were hooking location and water temperature. Hooking mortality was not excessive compared to other similar studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANNE BORGES MIGUEL.pdf: 2717815 bytes, checksum: 61dc63f7200917edfad73f15436c851b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-04 / The artisanal fishing activity practiced in the village of Luiz Alves is essential for a population of about 300 fishermen directly linked to the practice of fishing, and regional tourism. Due to legal restrictions quota and commerce fishing in the state of Goiás, the fisherman needs to develop new ways to improve family income using the resources of the river. Thus, this study aimed to understand the dynamics of the fishing activity conducted by fishermen from the town of Luiz Alves, via a socio-economic and environmental systematic profile survey of the fisherman and live bait fishing practices in order to subsidize managements and planning proposals, and contribute to a sustainable management of the natural resources of the river. We interviewed 88 fishermen residing in the town of Luiz Alves who were willing to participate. The results demonstrate the social economic and environmental importance of fishing not only as a source of protein in nourishment, but also as a way of interaction between fishing activities and tourism, as an employment alternative, and as a source of income and survival throughout the year for the fishermen of the region. In addition to the subsistence fishing, the fishermen also consider the activity of Fishing Guide as a professional one, being it a means to contribute to their annual income. During this study conflicts were observed between the fishermen and the environmental legislation, such as places of fishing, fishing equipment to get bait (fishing net), catching and commercialization of protected fish. A consensus is observed among the fishermen that the maintenance of the ecosystem integrity of the Araguaia River is fundamental to any initiative aimed at its exploration. The fisherman has the perception that the development of fishery should be conducted in substantives bases, such as: the interest shown in promoting joint actions with managing organizations; the development of legal work experience; encouragement of sport fishing; preservation breeding, that is, producing bait to feed the rivers if necessary so that it might meet the demands of sport fishermen, reducing the pressure of fish stocks beyond the adoption of zero quota for transport. The results suggest that conserving fish stocks and developing sustainable use of the resource should not be an assignment just for the fishermen, but a partnership with the society should be developed, involving the community, governmental and non-governmental organizations and other actors in order to promote and execute a Management Plan to the Area of Environmental Preservation of the Araguaia River Meanders. / A pesca artesanal praticada no povoado de Luis Alves é uma atividade essencial para uma população com cerca de 300 pescadores ligados diretamente à prática pesqueira e ao turismo regional. Devido a restrições legais de cota e comércio na pesca em Goiás, o pescador tem a necessidade de desenvolver novos meios de agregar valor à renda familiar utilizando os recursos do rio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a dinâmica da atividade pesqueira exercida pelos pescadores artesanais do Povoado de Luis Alves do Araguaia, através do levantamento sistemático do perfil sócio-econômico e ambiental do pescador artesanal e da prática pesqueira de iscas vivas, a fim de subsidiar propostas de manejos e ordenamento, e contribuir para a gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais do rio. Foram entrevistados 88 pescadores artesanais residentes no povoado de Luiz Alves que se dispuseram a participar da pesquisa. Os resultados demonstram a importância social, econômica e ambiental da pesca artesanal como fonte de proteína na alimentação, interação entre as atividades de pesca e turismo, alternativa de emprego, renda e sobrevivência durante todo o ano para os pescadores artesanais da região. Os pescadores, além da pesca de subsistência, também praticam e consideram a atividade de Guia de Pesca como referência de profissão, sendo que esta contribui com a maior parte da renda anual. Foram observados conflitos ao longo desse estudo entre os pescadores e a legislação ambiental vigente, tais como: locais de captura do pescado, petrechos de pesca para coleta de iscas (tarrafa), captura de peixes protegidos e comercialização do pescado. Há consenso entre os pescadores de que a manutenção da integridade do ecossistema do rio Araguaia é fundamental para qualquer tipo de iniciativa que vise a sua exploração. O pescador tem a percepção que o desenvolvimento da pesca deve ser realizado em bases sustentáveis, a exemplo, o interesse demonstrado em promover ações conjuntas com os órgãos gestores; trabalhar de forma legalizada; incentivar a pesca esportiva; preservar os reprodutores, produzir iscas para povoamento dos rios se necessário e atender a demanda dos pescadores esportivos, diminuindo a pressão do estoque pesqueiro além da adoção de cota zero para transporte. Os resultados sugerem que a conservação dos estoques pesqueiros e o uso sustentado do recurso não deve ser uma atribuição apenas dos pescadores, mas realizada de modo compartilhado com da sociedade de modo geral, envolvendo a comunidade, os setores privados, organizações governamentais e não governamentais e demais atores envolvidos a fim de promover a execução de um Plano de Gestão para a Área de Preservação Ambiental Meandros do Rio Araguaia.