La méthode de la fonctionnelle de la densité d’énergie (Energy Density Functional, EDF) est une approche phénoménologique permettant de calculer les propriétés élémentaires des noyaux atomiques (masses, dimensions et formes) a l’approximation du champ moyen. Elle permet également d’obtenir les spectres correspondant à certains états collectifs (vibrationnels et rotationnels) en mettant en œuvre des calculs ≪ au-delà ≫ du champ moyen (avec la méthode de la coordonnées génératrice (GCM) ou le mécanisme de brisure/restauration de symétries). Cette méthode, applicable sur toute la charte des noyaux hormis les plus légers, connait un regain d’intérêt avec le développement de nouveaux faisceaux radioactifs tels SPIRAL2 au GANIL. Des travaux récents ont montré qu’une description des états collectifs des noyaux nécessitait la modification et la généralisation des formes habituellement utilisées pour la fonctionnelle de la densité d’énergie, notamment avec la suppression de termes dépendants de la densité. Il a également été montre que les fonctionnelles de Skyrme pouvaient conduire à des instabilités et transitions de phases non physiques dans la matière nucléaire et les noyaux, en particulier lorsque le système est autorisé à briser des symétries. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été d’achever la construction de la fonctionnelle de Skyrme généralisée, initiée par J. Sadoudi (Constraints on the nuclear energy density functional and new possible analytical forms., CEA Saclay, 2011), puis d’en ajuster les paramètres. Le terme dépendant de la densité est remplacé par un potentiel d’interaction à 3 et 4 corps et la fonctionnelle associée est utilisée pour décrire le champ moyen et le champ d’appariement. Il a été nécessaire de construire un nouveau protocole d’ajustement afin de contraindre les paramètres de cette fonctionnelle. En particulier, l’ajustement est fait avec des contraintes sur les instabilités précédemment mentionnées. Parallèlement a la construction du protocole d’ajustement, l’utilisation de techniques d’analyse covariante a permis, dans un premier temps, d’estimer les erreurs statistiques associées a chaque paramètre ajuste et les barres d’erreurs des observables calculées. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié les corrélations existantes entre les différentes contraintes choisies dans le protocole, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence certains défauts de ces nouvelles interactions généralisées. Enfin, dans un travail annexe, nous avons utilisé des méthodes semiclassiques de type Thomas-Fermi modifiées (MTF) afin de dériver une formule analytique permettant d’estimer la valeur du coefficient d’énergie de surface d’une interaction de Skyrme généralisée. En réajustant les paramètres de la fonctionnelle SLy5 avec une contrainte sur ce coefficient, nous avons montré qu’il était fortement corrèle aux propriétés de fission des actinides. Nous aurons ainsi à notre disposition, grâce à cette estimation du coefficient d’énergie de surface, un outil simple à mettre en œuvre dans des protocoles d’ajustements futurs qui permettra de contraindre les propriétés de fission des noyaux / -

Résoudre une tâche nous met régulièrement au défit d'adopter les stratégies les plus adaptées au contexte et à la nature de celle-ci. En se basant sur la Théorie du Régulatory Focus, la présente étude propose d'utiliser certaines caractéristiques visuelles, formes et couleurs, afin d'amorcer une régulation cognitive susceptible de correspondre à des tâches demandant soit de la précision, soit de la créativité. Ainsi, une première étude identifie certaines formes et couleurs comme ayant la capacité d'activer une cognition soit de type « prevention », soit de type « promotion ». Ces résultats ont servi de base pour concevoir des interfaces graphiques amorçant de manière ciblée l'une ou l'autre de ces orientations cognitives. Il est suggéré que la concordance entre le type d'amorce (e.g., induisant une cognition « prevention »)et le type de tâche (e.g., demandant de la précision) influence positivement performance ainsi que vécu subjectif. Les résultats supportent ces hypothèses : Les participants exécutent plus correctement les tâches lorsque le type de celles-ci concorde avec l'orientation stratégique amorcée par les caractéristiques visuelles de l'interface graphique. De plus, les participants rapportent un vécu plus positif dans ces mêmes conditions. De manière générale, les résultats soulignent les avantages à utiliser le potentiel inhérent des caractéristiques visuelles afin d'optimiser une situation de résolution de tâche. Ces résultats sont considérés comme développant autant la recherche que les domaines plus appliqués. / Task-solving situations are often challenging our ability to approach them in the most adapted state of mind. Building on regulatory focus theory, we propose to use specific color and form characteristics to prime cognitive regulations that are likely to match either creative or accuracy framed tasks. In that line, a first study identified color and form characteristics as being involved in activating either a vigilant prevention cognition or a flexible promotion cognition. These findings were then used to visually design creative or accuracy oriented tasks. It was expected that a fit between the strategic orientations induced by these designs and tasks accuracy or creativity framing, would to positively influence both performance and overall subjective experience. Experimental results supported these predictions: Participants performed better when the visual design was composed of colors and forms inducing a regulatory orientation matching tasks' natures. Regulatory fit had also a global positive impact on subjective variables like fun and satisfaction. Overall, the results point out the advantage of taking benefit from visual characteristics' inherent priming potential. Our research can be related both to research domains (RFT, user experience research, color research) and to concrete applications in actual design processes.

Användandet av produktplacering som marknadsföringsmetod har ökat med åren, inte minst då konsumenter allt mer aktivt undviker traditionell marknadsföring. Genom att utnyttja produktplacering kan man väva in reklambudskap i handlingen på ett sätt som gör den oundviklig. Majoriteten av den forskning som finns om produktplacering pekar dock på att en för uppenbar varumärkesexponering bör undvikas då det ger upphov till negativa effekter bland konsumenter.Vår studie bygger vidare på Gillespie, Muehling och Kareklas (2018) studie som motbevisar att tydlig produktplacering enbart har negativa effekter med hjälp av författarnas Product Placement Fit Model. I modellen beskriver de hur uppenbar produktplacering kan kopplas till en novells eller films handling och känslomässiga tema för att på bästa sätt ge positiva varumärkesresponser bland konsumenter. Dessa två dimensioner benämner författarna som kognitiv- respektive affektiv överensstämmelse. Vår studie ämnar att (till följd av Gillespies, Muehlings och Kareklas rekomendation) ta reda på om detta även går att tillämpa för musikvideor genom att studera ungdomar och unga vuxnas förändringar i varumärkesinställning efter att de sett på musikvideor innehållandes produktplacering. 246 respondenter deltog i studiens undersökning och resultatet visade på att en uppenbar produktplacering med hög överensstämmelse både affektiv och kognitiv ger bäst effekt. Vidare kan en produktplacering med partiell överensstämmelse (det vill säga av antingen hög kognitiv- eller hög affektiv överensstämmelse) kan ge en positiv effekt på konsumentens varumärkesinställning men inte i samma utsträckning. Därmed är slutsatsen att Gillespie, Muehling och Kareklas modell och teorier går att applicera även för musikvideor bland ungdomar samt unga vuxna. / The use of product placement as a marketing strategy has increased in recent years, not least as a result of consumers avoiding traditional marketing. By utilizing product placement, a marketer enables the possibility to embed advertising in e.g. the storyline of a film in a way that makes it inevitable. Majority of existing research within the field suggests that a blatant product placement should be avoided at all costs since it can cause negative effects among consumers brand perceptions. Our study aim to follow up Gillespie, Muehling and Kareklas’ (2018) study which disproves that blatant placement exclusively has negative impact on consumers. The authors uses their model Product Placement Fit Model to describe the benefits with a blatant placement - given that the placement corresponds with a movie’s or a novel’s storyline and emotional theme. The authors describes that the placement needs affective and/or cognitive fit. Furthermore our study aim to examine if it is possible to apply this theories on music videos by studying youths and young adults brand attitudes. 246 respondents partook in the study and the result indicated that a blatant product placement with both affective and cognitive fit gives the best effect. Furthermore, a product placement with partial fit (i.e. affective or cognitive fit) can give a positive outcome, although not to the same extent as a placement that corresponds on both dimensions. Thereby, the conclusion is that Gillespie’s, Muehling’s and Kareklas’ model and theories are applicable to music videos while studying youths and young adults

As working arrangements become more flexible and many people work remotely, the risk of social isolation rises. Coworking spaces try to prevent this by offering not only a workplace, but also a community. Adopting a person-environment fit perspective, we examined how the congruence between workers’ needs and supplies by coworking spaces relate to job satisfaction and intent to leave. We identified five needs (i.e., community, collaboration, amenities, location, and cost), of which community was expected to be the central need. An online questionnaire was distributed among coworkers in Germany and Austria, resulting in a sample of 181 coworkers. Results showed that needs-supplies fit regarding community was related to job satisfaction and intent to leave in coworking spaces. Findings for the other needs, however, did not show that congruence is associated with outcomes. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of community fit in coworking and offer insights for workers and entrepreneurs in this area.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur olika axiala tryck och skjuvkrafter påverkade marginal och intern passform i en sexledsbro i titan i överkäkens frontregion.Material och metod: En litteratursökning gjordes för att insamla bakgrundsmaterial. Stödtänderna 13 12 11 21 22 23 preparerades på en plastmodell för en sexledsbro och en anatomiskt utformad bro i titan framställdes med hjälp CAD/CAM. En mastermodell av stödtänderna tillverkades i epoxyresin. Genom att använda replikateknik utvärderades brons passform vid olika cementeringstryck; 20, 35, 50, 70 N och 50 N med skjuvkrafter. Varje replika snittades med hjälp av en ”jig” och cementspalten analyserades i ett mikroskop. All data granskades statistiskt.Resultat: Resultatet visade att ett tryck med 20 N generellt gav en ej acceptabel passform och ett tryck med 35 N hade en stor spridning. Vid tryck med 50 N kunde mindre cementspalter ses. De blev inte mindre vid test med 70 N. När skjuvkrafter adderades försämrades resultaten jämfört med försöken med 50 N och 70 N.Konklusion: Ett tryck vid cementering som överstiger 50 N förbättrar ej passformen markant. Närvaro av skjuvkrafter påverkar passformen negativt. Ett lägre tryck på 20 N ger dock en mindre fördelaktig passform jämfört med skjuvkrafter förutsatt att ett tillräckligt högt tryck används. Alla slutsatser var statistiskt signifikanta. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how different axial seating loads and shear loads influences the marginal and internal fit of a titanium six unit FDP in the upper jaw frontal region.Materials and Methods: A literature search was made to acquire background material. Preparations of abutment teeth for a six unit FDP 13 12 11 21 22 23 were made on plastic teeth, and an anatomically designed titanium FDP was constructed using CAD/CAM. A master cast of the abutment teeth was fabricated in epoxy resin. Using the impression replica technique the fit of the FDP was evaluated by different seating loads during cementation; 20, 35, 50, 70 N and 50 N under the presence of shear loads. The replicas were sectioned using a jig and the cement gap was analysed using a microscope. All the data were statistically analysed.Results: The results showed that a seating load of 20 N generally gave an unacceptable fit and that the seating load of 35 N had great range. At seating loads of 50 N less cement gaps could be seen, i.e. more favourable fit. These results did not improve when testing with 70 N. With a presence of shear loads the results were poorer than when testing with 50 and 70 N.Conclusions: A seating load exceeding 50 N during cementation does not markedly give a more favourable fit. The presence of shear loads affects the fit negatively. A lower seating load of 20 N gives a less favourable fit compared to shear loads provided that a seating load high enough is used. All of these conclusions were statistically significant.

This study extends Regulatory Fit Theory (Higgins, 2000) to examine horizontal regulatory fit (Scholer & Higgins, 2010) in the context of performance feedback. Participants completed the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (Higgins et al., 2001) to measure their chronic motivational orientation, then worked on an adapted version of an in-basket task (Holmes & Hauenstein, 2012) across two sessions. Hypotheses predicted that compared to instances of non-fit, conditions of regulatory fit between chronic and situational and motivational orientations (Promotion vs. Prevention) would have a significantly greater impact on the following three outcomes: 1) Variety and Frequency of Feedback Use, 2) Feedback Recall, and 3) Attitudes toward both Feedback and the In-basket Task. Overall results supported this assertion. Participants in condition of regulatory fit engaged in a significantly greater variety of behaviors and did so more frequently than those in non-fit conditions. Additionally, participants in regulatory fit conditions had stronger positive attitudes toward feedback than those in non-fit conditions. Counter to previous research, regulatory fit did not have significant impact on feedback recall in the current study, nor did regulatory fit have a significant impact on the attitudes toward in-basket task. / Master of Science

M. Tech. (Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / The face of South African (SA) universities’ academic environment has changed over the past decade, primarily propelled by transformation issues, new policies and practices, which also required academics to have certain skills and attributes. Recruiting and retaining key academics in the public higher education (HE) are not once-off events; they are ongoing processes that involve analysing the needs, culture and practices of the organisation and identifying individuals whose skills and personalities better meet those organisational needs. Given the rapid restructuring and transformation of SA public HE, recruiting and retaining of essential talent has been a huge challenge experienced by higher education institutions (HEIs). Research relating to how HEIs could better attract and retain key talent has, however, been scarce; as such, this study aims to fill the existing gap in the literature. Against this background, this study aimed at exploring the influence of person-environment fit (PEF), person-organisation fit (POF) and person-job fit (PJF) on career satisfaction (CS) and the influence of CS on intention to leave (ITL) among university academics. Embedded within a positivist paradigm, the study followed a quantitative research approach. A structured questionnaire was used to measure study constructs. In addition to the soliciting information on the demographic variables, respondents were requested to complete five different measuring scales, namely the general environment fit scale (GEFS), organisational culture profile (OCP), the knowledge, skills and ability profile (KSAP), the career satisfaction scale (CSS) and the intention to leave scale (ITLS). A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed to the identified sample of university academics and from that distribution only 202 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics techniques as well as correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate academics’ perceptions and relationships between study constructs. Findings revealed the existence of strong positive associations between the three fit constructs and CS and a negative association between CS and ITL. The findings also propose that the HEI could use fit dimensions to increase the level of academics’ CS and reduce their proclivity to leave the HEI. Academics’ CS can be enhanced by the implementation of a career advancement policy that will ensure that academics are provided with fair and equal training and development opportunities and are promoted based on their individual performances. To constantly reduce the propensity to leave the institution, the HEI could continuously satisfy career goals of academics through the provision of career progression opportunities.

As a result of structural changes in the global economy, many organisations are faced with changing workforce demographics. The global workforce is changing not only in terms of age and race, but also in terms of gender (International Labour Office, 2009). This change is referred to as the feminization of labour, and it poses many challenges to organisations as women are entering careers that have previously been predominated by men such as medicine, pharmacy, accounting, engineering and mining (Blau & Kahn, 2000). The retention of women in atypical careers has become a growing concern, as these women are often faced with challenges in the workplace, such as sexual discrimination, hostility and resentment from their co-workers, and physical violence in the workplace (Cognard-Black, 2004). These obstacles encountered by women in atypical positions result in their experiencing difficulty fitting into their groups at work and their organisations as a whole, which increases their turnover intentions (Young & Hurlic, 2007). For effective retention of women in atypical positions in an effort to secure a truly diverse workforce, organisations must be aware of the factors that affect their career decision making. Young and Hurlic (2007) have proposed a model of gender enactment and fit in relation to career decisions of women in atypical positions. They suggest that gender enactment of employees in atypical positions, in relation to the gender-based micro-culture of their work groups ultimately affects their person-group fit, person-organisation fit and career decision making. The main objective, therefore, of this research has been to explore the constructs outlined in the model of Young and Hurlic (2007) within the South African context and to establish their influence on the career decision making of a sample of South African employees in atypical positions. The research has been explorative in nature, and a qualitative design was used to achieve the research objectives. Participants were invited to participate in the research on a voluntary basis, and they were selected by means of a purposive sampling method. Criteria that were decided upon for the selection of participants were that participants needed to be female, permanently employed and occupying atypical occupations within the same organisation. Based on these criteria, a total population of ten employees was included in the research study (N=10). Qualitative data was collected by means of unstructured and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that awareness, group acceptance, person-group fit, perceived stress, and person-organisation fit were the key determinants of the career decisions of participants. Awareness was found to be related to group acceptance, whereas group acceptance was identified as being related to person-group fit. Person-group and person-organisation fit were found to result in participants considering lateral career moves, choosing to stay in their current positions, or seeking promotions. Conversely, perceived stress was found to have a negative impact in the career decision making of participants, as all participants who reported perceived stress planned to leave their respective organisation. / MA, Industrial Psychology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

Die Vermehrung des Influenza A Virus umfasst, neben anderen wichtigen Schritten, die Transkrption der viralen mRNA und die ribosomale Translation der viralen Proteine. Mit großem Aufwand wurde bereits an der Entwicklung von Methoden zur Untersuchung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Synthese viraler mRNA während des Vermehrungszyklusses in der Wirtszelle geforscht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden sequenzspezifische FIT-PNA-Sonden, welche einen einzelnen, als künstliche fluoreszente Nukleobase dienenden Interkalator tragen, auf die quantitative RT-PCR sowie die Lebendzellmikroskopie angewandt. Die FIT-PNA-Sonden bieten dabei eine hohe Sensitivität und eine enorme Zielspezifität unter nichtstringenten Hybridisierungsbedingungen. Im Speziellen wurden FIT-PNA Sonden mit Sequenzspezifität zur mRNA der Neuraminidase und des Matrixproteins 1 entworfen und untersucht. Die somit erhaltenen Ergebnisse besitzen eine hohe biologische Relevanz und weisen diese Sonden als vielversprechende Methodik in der Virologie und der Zellbiologie aus. Ihre Anwendung konnte bereits auf das Vesikular Stomatitis Virus ausgeweitet werden. Die Kombination aus biologischer Expertise mit modernen Proteomstudien und detaillierten statistischen Analysen ermöglichte einen systemumfassenden Blick auf die durch eine Infektion bedingten Auswirkungen auf die Wirtszelle. Die Markierung von Aminosäuren mit stabilen Isotopen in Zellkultur wurde hierfür benutzt. Es wurden Proben zu verschiedene Zeitpunkten im Infektionszyklus in die Untersuchungen einbezogen, um zeitaufgelöste Detailstudien der zellulären Proteinbiosynthese und Degradation durchzuführen. / Replication of the influenza A virus involves, amongst other critical steps, the transcription of viral mRNA and ribosomal translation of viral proteins. Significant efforts have been devoted to the development of methods that allow the investigation of viral mRNA progression during the replication cycle inside the host cell. In the present thesis sequence specific FIT-PNA probes which contain a single intercalator serving as artificial fluorescent nucleobase were introduced for quantitative RT-PCR and live cell imaging. FIT-PNAs provide for both high sensitivity and high target specificity at nonstringent hybridisation conditions (where both matched and mismatched probetarget complexes coexist). In particular, FIT-PNAs specific to the neuraminidase and matrix protein 1 were successfully designed and examined. The obtained results are of high biological importance and suggest the FIT-PNA technique as promising tool in the field of virology and cell biology as this approach was readily applied to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as well. By combining biological expertise with modern high throughput quantitative proteomics and detailed statistical analysis a system wide view of the effects and dynamics of the early H1N1 infection on the cell proteome was generated. Stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was employed to globally track changes in gene expression at the protein level. Furthermore, samples at various time points post infection enabling a more detailed timeresolved analysis of host cell protein biosynthesis and degradation during the infection cycle were included. As a result the specific expression characteristics of single genes and functional gene subsets in response to viral infection were bioinformatically analysed.

L'utilisation des coefficients aérodynamiques pour caractériser le comportement d'un objet en vol libre demeure un sujet de recherche parmi les plus complexes et les plus étudiés dans le domaine de la balistique extérieure. La présente étude analyse l'identification des coefficients aérodynamiques à partir de données obtenues lors d'essais en vol libre. Elle vise à modéliser, définir ainsi que maîtriser les techniques d'identification de paramètres les plus adaptées au problème qu'est la détermination des coefficients aérodynamiques. Le travail de thèse a été dédié au développement d'une procédure d'identification pour la détermination des coefficients aérodynamiques à partir de mesures de vol libre et a été testée pour deux cas d'application : un corps de rentrée dans l'atmosphère et un projectile stabilisé par empennage. Cette procédure nécessite plusieurs étapes telles que la description du comportement d'un objet en vol libre sous la forme d'un modèle non linéaire en représentation d'état, la description polynomiale des coefficients aérodynamiques en fonction du nombre de Mach et de l'incidence, les analyses d'identifiabilité a priori et a posteriori suivies de l'estimation des paramètres. De plus, dans le but d'augmenter la probabilité que les coefficients caractérisent l'aérodynamique de l'objet pour l'ensemble des conditions d'essais et d'améliorer la précision des coefficients estimés, une stratégie "multiple fit" a été appliquée. Cette approche fournit une base de données de coefficients aérodynamiques, qui sont déterminés à partir de plusieurs séries de mesures analysées simultanément, afin de décrire le spectre le plus complet du mouvement de l'objet / The use of aerodynamic coefficients for the characterization of the behaviour of an object in flight remains one of the oldest and most emergent research project in the field of exterior ballistic. The present study investigates the identification of the aerodynamic coefficients based on measured data, gathered during free flight tests from different measurement techniques. This project deals with topics as modelling, defining and mastering parameter identification techniques best suited to the problem of the aerodynamic coefficients determination. In the frame of this study, an identification procedure was developed for the aerodynamic coefficients determination based on free flight measurements and was tested for two application cases: a re-entry space vehicle and a fin stabilized reference projectile. This procedure requires several steps such as the description of the behaviour of the vehicle in free flight as a nonlinear state-space model representation, the polynomial descriptions of the aerodynamic coefficients as function of Mach number and incidence, the a priori and a posteriori identifiability analyses, followed by the estimation of the parameters from free flight measurements. Moreover, to increase the probability that the coefficients define the vehicle’s aerodynamics over the entire range of test conditions and to improve the accuracy of the estimated coefficients, a multiple fit strategy was considered. This approach provides a common set of aerodynamic coefficients that are determined from multiple data series simultaneously analyzed, and gives a more complete spectrum of the vehicle’s motion