Background: The foot has to fulfil important and complex functions which are, in most regions of the world, supported by shoes. The interface of feet and footwear has often been considered with respect to comfort and function but also to negative effects of shoes. One main contribution to the improvement of footwear fit is provided by matching the shape of the shoe to the shape of the foot. However, current approaches for implementation only include static information. There is still a lack of dynamic information about foot morphology and deformation. Recent advancements in scanner technology allow capturing the foot during natural walking. These advancements and the development of a dynamic foot scanner system (DynaScan4D) are preconditions for this thesis. The research question is: How does foot morphology differ between static and dynamic situations? This question is further specified toward three hypotheses by findings and deficits of the current state of research. The examination of the three hypotheses and their contribution to the research question are topic of this thesis. Furthermore, the findings are combined with comprehensive knowledge of the literature to formulate recommendations for last and footwear construction. Methods: The three hypotheses (H1, H2, H3) are evaluated within three research articles. The first research article aims to identify the differences in dynamic foot morphology according to age, gender, and body mass (H1). The plantar dynamic foot morphology of 129 adults is recorded and analysed by two statistical methods: (1) comparison of matched groups and (2) multiple linear regression analysis. The second and third research article is dealing with differences between static and dynamic foot morphology in developing feet (H2) and their inter-individual differences (H3). For this reason, a large sample of 2554 children, aged between 6 and 16 years, is analysed. Foot measures, corresponding to last measures, are used to identify the differences between static and dynamic foot morphology (H2) by Student's t-test for paired samples. The influences of gender, age, and body mass (H3) are analysed within the whole sample by multiple linear regression analysis and within matched groups by Student's t-test for independent samples. Results: There are differences in dynamic foot morphology according to age, gender, and body mass in adults which confirm H1. In general, the differences are rather small. Furthermore, the differences must be considered in a more differentiated way, as they are not consistent regarding all plantar foot measures. H2 is confirmed as there are statistically signiffcant differences between static and dynamic foot morphology in developing feet. Theses differences are found for all foot measures. However, the magnitude of these differences varies depending on each foot measure. Relevant differences, in particular the forefoot width and midfoot girth measures as well as the angles of the forefoot, must be considered for footwear construction. Influences of gender, age, and body mass are found for the dynamic foot morphology and the differences between static and dynamic foot morphology of developing feet. Thus, H3 is verified. However, these findings are small, especially considering the high variance within each foot measure. The variables gender, age, and body mass cannot appropriately explain the variance of the differences between static and dynamic foot morphology. Thus, the customization of footwear to dynamic foot morphology can be conducted without individual adjustments to gender, age, or body mass. Conclusion: This thesis presents different aspects to answer the question of differences between static and dynamic foot morphology. The findings of this thesis are critically discussed and recommendations for improvements of dynamic fit of footwear are formulated, taking into account the current state of research as well as practical aspects. The findings of the thesis contribute to the field of fundamental research, i.e. to broaden the knowledge about three-dimensional characteristics of dynamic foot morphology. Furthermore, this thesis can help to improve the fit of footwear and thus contributes to applied research in the field of footwear science. / Hintergrund: Der Fuß erfüllt wichtige und komplexe Funktionen, die in den meisten Regionen der Welt, durch Schuhe unterstützt werden. Die Berührungspunkte zwischen Schuhen und Füßen wurden im Hinblick auf komfortable und funktionelle Schuhe, aber auch hinsichtlich negativer Effekte von Schuhen, häufig betrachtet. Ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Passform von Schuhen liefert die Annäherung der Schuhform an die Fußform. Jedoch beschränken sich bisherige Umsetzungsansätze auf statische Informationen. Bislang fehlen umfangreiche dynamische Informationen zur Fußgestalt und Verformung. Erst aktuelle Fortschritte der Scanner-Technologie ermöglichen es, den Fuß während des natürlichen Gehens zu erfassen. Diese Fortschritte und die Entwicklung eines dynamischen Fuß-Scanner-Systems (DynaScan4D), stellen die Grundlage für diese Dissertation dar. Die Forschungsfrage ist: Wie unterscheidet sich die statische Fußgestalt von der dynamischen? Mit der Aufarbeitung von Ergebnissen und Defiziten aktueller Forschungsarbeiten wird diese Frage durch die Formulierung von drei Hypothesen weiter spezifiziert. Diese drei Hypothesen, sowie deren Beitrag zur Forschungsfrage, sind Thema dieser Dissertation. Darüber hinaus wird umfassendes Wissen aus der Literatur verwendet um Empfehlungen für die Konstruktion von Schuhen zu geben. Methoden: Die drei Hypothesen (H1, H2, H3) werden in drei wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen untersucht. Die erste Veröffentlichung zielt darauf ab, die Unterschiede zwischen der dynamischen Fußgestalt in Abhängigkeit von Alter, Geschlecht und Körpermasse zu ermitteln (H1). Die plantare dynamische Fußgestalt von 129 Erwachsenen wird hierzu erfasst und durch zwei statistische Verfahren analysiert: (1) Vergleich von gepaarten Probandengruppen und (2) multiple lineare Regressionsanalyse. Die zweite und dritte Hypothese befassen sich mit den Unterschieden der statischen und dynamischen Fußgestalt bei heranreifenden Füßen (H2) und deren inter-individuellen Unterschieden (H3). Aus diesem Grund wird eine große Stichprobe mit 2554 Kindern im Alter zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Fußmaße, die den Maßen im Leistenbau entsprechen, werden verwendet um die Unterschiede zwischen der statischen und der dynamischen Fußgestalt (H2) durch einen gepaarten Student's t-Test zu identifizieren. Der Einfluss des Geschlechtes, des Alters und der Körpermasse (H3) werden in der gesamten Stichprobe durch eine multiple lineare Regressionsanalyse und innerhalb gepaarter Probandengruppen durch Student's t-Test für unabhängige Stichproben untersucht. Ergebnisse: Es gibt Unterschiede in der dynamischen Fußgestalt von Erwachsenen, beeinflusst durch Alter, Geschlecht und Körpermasse, welche die Verifizierung von H1 erlauben. Im Allgemeinen sind diese Unterschiede jedoch gering. Die ermittelten Unterschiede müssen differenziert betrachtet werden, da sie nicht konsistent in Bezug auf die gesamte plantare Fußgestalt auftreten. H2 kann verifiziert werden, da es zwischen der statischen und der dynamischen Fußgestalt von heranreifenden Kindern statistisch signifikante Unterschiede gibt. Diese Unterschiede wurden bei allen Fußmaßen gefunden, wobei das Außmaß dieser Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Fußmaß variiert. Relevante Unterschiede, insbesondere Breitenmaße und Winkelmaße des Vorfußes sowie Umfangsmaße des Mittelfußes, müssen bei der Konstruktion von Schuhen berücksichtigt werden. Es zeigen sich Einflüsse von Geschlecht, Alter und Körpermasse auf die dynamische Fußgestalt sowie auf die Differenzen zwischen der statischen und der dynamischen Fußgestalt. Somit ist H3 verifiziert. Jedoch sind diese Einflüsse gering, besonders wenn die Varianz innerhalb der Fußmaße betrachtet wird. Die Variablen Alter, Geschlecht und Körpermasse können die Varianz der Differenzen zwischen der statischen und der dynamischen Fußgestalt nicht angemessen erklären. Damit kann die Anpassung an die dynamische Fußgestalt ohne eine Individualisierung hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht oder Körpermasse vollzogen werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die vorliegende Dissertation stellt unterschiedliche Aspekte zur Beantwortung der Frage, welche Unterschiede zwischen der statischen und der dynamischen Fußgestalt bestehen, vor. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit werden kritisch diskutiert und es werden, unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes sowie praktischer Aspekte, Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der dynamischen Passform von Schuhen gegeben. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation liefern einen Beitrag zur Grundlagenforschung, insbesondere durch die Erweiterung des Wissensstands der dreidimensionalen Eigenschaften der dynamischen Fußgestalt. Darüber hinaus kann diese Arbeit helfen die dynamische Passform von Schuhen zu verbessern und trägt damit zur angewandten Schuhforschung bei.

This thesis shows how to test the fit of a data set to a number of different models, using Watson’s U2 statistic for both grouped and continuous data. While Watson’s U2 statistic was introduced for continuous data, in recent work, the statistic has been adapted for grouped data. However, when using Watson’s U2 for continuous data, the asymptotic distribution is difficult to obtain, particularly, for some skewed circular distributions that contain four or five parameters. Until now, U2 asymptotic points are worked out only for uniform distribution and the von Mises distribution among all circular distributions. We give U2 asymptotic points for the wrapped exponential distributions, and we show that U2 asymptotic points when data are grouped is usually easier to obtain for other more advanced circular distributions. In practice, all continuous data is grouped into cells whose width is decided by the accuracy of the measurement. It will be found useful to treat such data as grouped with sufficient number of cells in the examples to be analyzed. When the data are treated as grouped, asymptotic points for U2 match well with the points when the data are treated as continuous. Asymptotic theory for U2 adopted for grouped data is given in the thesis. Monte Carlo studies show that, for reasonable sample sizes, the asymptotic points will give good approximations to the p-values of the test.

The structural determination of interacting proteins, both as individual proteins and in their complex, complemented by thermodynamical studies are vital in order to gain in-depth insights of the phenomena leading to the highly selective protein-protein interactions characteristic of numerous life processes. This thesis describes an investigation of the structural and thermodynamical basis for molecular recognition in two different protein-protein complexes, formed between so-called affibody proteins and their respective targets. Affibody proteins are a class of engineered binding proteins, which can be functionally selected for binding to a given target protein from large collections (libraries) constructed via combinatorial engineering of 13 surface-located positions of the 58-residue three-helix bundle Z domain derived from Staphylococcal protein (SPA). In a first study, an affibody:target protein pair consisting of the ZSPA-1 affibody and the parental Z domain, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 1 µM, was investigated. ZSPA-1 was in its free state shown to display molten globule-like characteristics. The enthalpy change on binding between Z and ZSPA-1 as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry, was found to be a non-linear function of temperature. This nonlinearity was found to be due to the temperature dependent folded-unfolded equilibrium of ZSPA-1 upon binding to the Z domain and, the energetics of the unfolding equilibrium of the molten globule state of ZSPA-1 could be separated from the binding thermodynamics. Further dissection of the binding entropy revealed that a significant reduction in conformational entropy resulting from the stabilization of the molten globule state of ZSPA-1 upon complex formation could be a major reason for the moderate binding affinity. A second studied affibody:target complex (Kd ~ 0.1 µM) consisted of the ZTaq affibody protein originally selected for binding to Taq DNA polymerase and the anti-ZTaq affibody protein, selected for selective binding to the ZTaq affibody protein, thus constituting an "anti-idiotypic" affinity protein pair. The structure of the ZTaq:anti-ZTaq affibody complex as well as the free state structures of ZTaq and anti-ZTaq were determined using NMR spectroscopy. Both ZTaq and anti-ZTaq are well defined three helix bundles in their free state and do not display the same molten globule-like behaviour of ZSPA-1. The interaction surface was found to involve all of the varied positions in helices 1 and 2 of the anti-ZTaq, the majority of the corresponding side chains in ZTaq, and also several non-mutated residues. The total buried surface area was determined to about 1670 Å2 which is well inside the range of what is typical for many protein-protein complexes, including antibody:antigen complexes. Structural rearrangements, primarily at the side chain level, were observed to take place upon binding. There are similarities between the ZTaq:anti-ZTaq and the Z:ZSPA-1 structure, for instance, the binding interface area in both complexes has a large fraction of non-polar content, the buried surface area is of similar size, and certain residues have the same positioning. However, the relative orientation between the subunits in ZTaq:anti-ZTaq is markedly different from that observed in Z:ZSPA-1. The thermodynamics of ZTaq:anti-ZTaq association were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. A dissection of the entropic contributions showed that a large and favourable desolvation entropy of non-polar surface is associated with the binding reaction which is in good agreement with hydrophobic nature of the binding interface, but as in the case for the Z:ZSPA-1 complex a significant loss in conformational entropy opposes complex formation. A comparison with complexes involving affibody proteins or SPA domains suggests that affibody proteins inherit intrinsic binding properties from the original SPA surface. The structural and biophysical data suggest that although extensive mutations are carried out in the Z domain to obtain affibody proteins, this does not necessarily affect the structural integrity or lead to a significant destabilization. / QC 20110118

This thesis investigates the role of technology-use mediation in supporting the work of global virtual teams. The work is set in the context of a longer term action research programme into collaborative computing and global virtual teams, initiated by Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand and Uppsala University in Sweden. Over the period since 1998, global virtual collaborations involving teams of students from both universities have been conducted annually. This thesis investigates the 2004 collaboration cycle, in which participants from St Louis University Missouri joined the collaboration. This was the first triadic collaboration, and covered Northern, Southern and Western aspects of the globe while traversing three widely divergent time-zones. In spite of the extensive experience in collaboration possessed by the coordinators at all three sites, the results of the global virtual trial were at best mixed. This repeated experience of dissatisfaction in our global virtual collaborations, in spite of the technology being in place has been a primary motivator for this work. Why is global virtual collaboration difficult? What roles and activities are critical? How can we do it better? These are not issues solely to do with the student actors in the global virtual teams, but more to do with the supporting cast, engaged in “activities which involve the shaping of other users activities of [technology] use” (Orlikowski et al., 1995, p.425). Thus came about my interest in exploring the topic of technology-use mediation. This thesis applies a research framework adapted from DeSanctis & Poole’s “Adaptive Structuration Theory” (1994) by the author. Initially applied to “facilitation” in virtual teams “Extended Adaptive Structuration Theory (EAST)” (Clear, 1999a), has undergone further development. The resulting research framework “Technology-use Mediated AST (TUMAST)” is applied here for the first time to investigate technology-use mediation activities performed during the global virtual collaborative trial. A corpus of data based on the email communications of supporting parties to the collaboration is analysed in depth in this study, applying a combination of grounded theoretic and structurational techniques. Thus a very rich and firmly grounded picture of the processes of technology-use mediation is built. This thesis represents the first known in-depth longitudinal study of technology-use mediation in a real global virtual team setting. From this exploratory study some novel theorizations have resulted. Methodologically it demonstrates analysis of technology-use mediation applying the TUMAST framework in a manner that captures the richness and evolution over time of these complex activities. Substantively it proposes a novel theory of “Collaborative Technology Fit (CTF)”. It is hoped that future global virtual team coordinators and researchers may apply the theory in order to map their situation, and diagnose their degree of collaborative alignment on multiple dimensions, thus enabling corrective actions to be taken. While the work arises in a tertiary education context, it reflects the reality of professionals at work in a global virtual team. Its application within other domains remains to be proven, but readings from the literature, and personal experience within global virtual software development teams suggest its wider applicability.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Mathematics and Statistics. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

A adaptação marginal é fundamental para o sucesso clínico e longevidade das coroas metalocerâmicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de microscopia óptica, o desajuste marginal de copings metalocerâmicos obtidos com as ligas metálicas de Ni-Cr [Verabond II e experimental (SR)] e Co-Cr (Keragen). As leituras foram realizadas antes da sinterização (T1), após a sinterização do opaco (T2) e após a sinterização da cerâmica (T3). A partir de uma matriz metálica e uma contra-matriz de teflon, encaixada sobre o preparo da matriz, foram obtidos 30 padrões de resina acrílica Duralay/cera com espessura de 0,7 mm (n=30), que foram incluidos em anel com revestimento Microfine (Talladium). Após a fundição, os copings foram desincluídos, jateados e usinados. Cada copings, adaptado à outra matriz metálica por meio de um padronizador da pressão de assentamento, foi levado ao microscópio óptico. Foram selecionados dois pontos equidistantes de um ponto selecionado no copings, que representava ¼ de volta no dispositivo de leitura, totalizando 8 leituras por etapa em cada copings. Os dados de desajuste marginal (μm) foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Bonferroni (α=0,05). Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença para os fatores: tempo (p=0,00) e liga metálica (p=0,001). Com relação aos tempos, após a aplicação da cerâmica, houve maior desajuste marginal (132 μm) que após a sinterização de opaco (111,81) e antes da sinterização (90,44), com diferença entre essas duas etapas. Com relação às ligas metálicas, a liga experimental SR apresentou o menor desajuste marginal (79,75 μm) que as ligas de Ni-Cr (120,23 μm) e Co-Cr (134,28 μm) que não apresentaram diferença entre si. Não houve diferença significativa para as interações (p=0,834). Conclui-se que o desajuste marginal aumenta após as sinterizações da cerâmica e a liga experimental SR pode ser utilizada com segurança para confecção de restaurações metalocerâmicas, por apresentar os melhores resultados entre as ligas utilizadas. / The good marginal fit is a critical point for the clinical success of metal-ceramic crowns after definitive cementation. The knowledge of alloys properties, their interference factors and materials development allows the creation of new crowns within clinically acceptable marginal fit, factor that enables a good periodontal restorations performance and also prevents caries recurrences in cementation line. The present study evaluated, by optical microscopy, marginal fit in metal-ceramic crowns fused with three different alloys; Nickel-Chromium (Verabond II), Cobalt- Chromium (Keragen) and a experimetal Nickel-Chromium (SR) alloy in three distinct stages; after the cast (T1), after opaque layer application (T2) and after ceramic coating (T3). Were selected two equidistant points in a metal coping that representing ¼ turn on the measurement device, in a total of 8 measurements for coping in each step that results in a misfit average. Comparisons were performed using a parametric test for independent data (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni test where applicable. The level of significance was set at 5%. The results showed there were statistical differences for such factors: time (p = 0.00) and alloy (p = 0.001). In relation to time, after ceramics application, there was higher marginal misfit (132 μm) than after opaque sintering (111.81 μm) and before sintering (90.44 μm) with differences between these two steps. In relation to alloys, the experimental SR alloy showed the lower marginal misfit (79.75 μm) than Ni-Cr alloys (120.23 μm) and Co- Cr (134.28 μm) and there was no statistical difference for these experimental groups There was no significant difference for interaction (p = 0.834). In conclusion the marginal misfit increases after ceramics sintering. Experimental SR alloy showed the best results among the alloys and can be safely used to metal ceramic restorations.

Employees with the right skills give competitive advantages. It is therefore important to retain existing staff with the right skills but also to attract new talent. In the IT industry, there is currently lack of competence and the need will increase in the future. Companies that create a strong employer brand will perform better when it comes to the war of the talents. With the lack of competence in the labor market, the younger, more technologically skilled generation has developed an unfair attitude towards employers who desperately try to persuade competent people to choose their company through generous job offers. The employers must work on their employer brand to seem more attractive to employees and potential employees in order to attract, retain, develop and motivate them to choose or stay at the company. The purpose of this paper is to create an understanding of motivation, talent acquisition and employee retention in markets where there is a lack of specialized personnel. Motivation is achieved through internal and external attributes, where internal motivation is created by work satisfaction while external motivation is fulfilled by monetary and material motivational factors. Talent acquisition involves a clear recruitment strategy where the company's brand is used as an attraction channel of a certain skill and personality. It also applies to retaining talent within the company through employee retention where a stimulating and evolving employment experience is maintained by the company. The essay shows that young people in the IT industry are well aware of the lack of competence and make their demands accordingly. They want a high level of workplace flexibility to balance jobs and private life, as well as independence in the way they solve tasks. Furthermore, they want the freedom to choose work equipment as this is central to their daily work. Development opportunities such as attending conferences are valued as one of the crucial factors in choosing employers. If the younger generation's personal values as well as sustainability and ethical views do not match the company's actions, it will most likely lead them to leave the company in the long term. / Anställda med rätt kompetens ger konkurrensfördelar. Det är därför viktigt att behålla befintlig personal med hög kompetens men också att attrahera nya talanger. Inom IT-branschen råder det i dagsläget brist på kompetens och behovet kommer öka i framtiden. Företag som skapar starka arbetsgivarvarumärken kommer klara sig bättre än företag med ett svagt när det kommer till kriget om talangerna. Den yngre mer teknologiskt skickliga generationen har i och med kompetensbristen utvecklat en mer illojal attityd mot arbetsgivare som desperat försöker övertala kompetenta personer att välja deras företag genom generösa anställningserbjudanden. Arbetsgivaren måste marknadsföra sig till medarbetare och potentiella anställda för att attrahera, behålla, utveckla och motivera dem att välja eller stanna kvar på företaget. Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för motivation, talent acquisition och employee retention på marknader där det råder brist på specialiserad personal. Motivation uppnås genom inre och yttre attribut, där inre attribut är det som skapas av en personlig arbetsglädje medan yttre attribut innebär monetära och materiella motivationsfaktorer. Talent acquisition innebär en tydlig rekryteringsstrategi där företagets varumärke utnyttjas som attraktionskanal av en viss kompetens och personlighet. Det gäller även att behålla talang inom företaget genom employee retention där en stimulerande och utvecklande anställningsupplevelse ska upprätthållas av företaget. Uppsatsen visar att unga inom IT-branschen är väl medvetna om kompetensbristen och ställer sina krav utefter detta. De vill ha en hög flexibilitet i sitt arbetsschema för att kunna balansera jobb och privatliv, samt självständighet i sättet de löser arbetsuppgifter. Vidare vill de ha friheten att välja arbetsutrustning då detta är centralt för deras dagliga arbete. Utvecklingsmöjligheter som exempelvis att få delta vid konferenser värderas som en av de avgörande faktorerna vid val av arbetsgivare. Om den yngre generationens personliga värderingar samt hållbarhets- och etiska synpunkter inte stämmer överens med företagets agerande kommer det med stor sannolikhet leda till att de lämnar företaget på sikt.

Användandet av sociala medier ökar kraftigt och har under de senaste åren blivit en viktig del i människors vardag. Detta ger företag en möjlighet att använda sig av sociala medier i sin marknadsföring och är en av de mest populära strategierna just nu är när företag samarbetar med influencers i sin marknadsföring. Detta kallas influencer marketing. Dock finns det svårigheter för företag att hitta rätt influencer att samarbeta med och det finns olika faktorer som behöver värderas innan ett samarbete startar. Forskningsfrågorna som har besvarats i denna studie är vilka faktorer företag anser är viktigast samt vad konsumenterna anser är viktigt när företag samarbetar med influencers på Instagram. Räckvidd, relevans samt resonans är tre faktorer som tidigare studier visar har betydelse samt är viktiga vid influencer marketing. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats i form av fokusgrupp med konsumenter samt intervjuer med marknadsförare som arbetar på företag inom mode- och skönhetsbranschen i Sverige. Denna information utgjorde den empiriska data som studien består av. Resultatet av studien visar att både konsumenterna och företagen inom mode- och skönhetsbranschen värderar faktorn relevans högst. Konsumenterna anser att det viktigaste är att influencern är trovärdig samt kunnig om produkten personen marknadsför, medan företagen värderade högst att influencerns image speglar företagets. Förslag till fortsatt forskning är att studera vad influencers tycker är viktigast när de väljer företag att samarbeta med. Det skulle vara intressant att veta influencernas åsikter angående detta och om även de värderar relevansen högst.

This research thesis has researched about how employer branding and its relationship to person - organization fit. It focuses on personality traits of applicants and how it can impact their attractiveness of the organization advertised in job adverts. The purpose of this research thesis is to explain what relationship employer branding via job advertisements has when it comes to establishing P - O fit. In this case between future business students and organizations. The thesis had a deductive approach a cross - sectional research design was applied. A quantitative research method (logistic regression) was used and came from primary data. The research findings show that employer branding has a positive relationship to creating attractiveness of firms and also has an impact upon person-organization fit. Our findings also indicated that personality characteristics is hard to categorize in order to see what specifically in employer value proposition can attract a specific employee preference. The limitations were the number of respondents, a larger sample unit could have impacted the results more. Also, using a qualitative method in terms of semiotics could give a more detailed output on respondents’ personality traits. The original value of the research thesis is that it focused specifically on business students and to what degree employer value proposition is related to person-organization fit.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar qual é o número de camadas de espaçadores de troquéis que apresenta o valor mais próximo da especificação número 8 da ADA (Associação Dentária Americana) para a espessura da camada do cimento de fosfato de zinco, utilizado durante a cimentação de uma coroa metálica total. Foi realizado um estudo experimental “in vitro” com a confecção de 20 coroas totais divididas em quatro grupos: grupo controle (sem a aplicação de espaçadores) e grupos com uma, duas e três camadas de espaçadores para troquéis da marca True Spacer (Talladium do Brasil), mesma fábrica que confecciona a liga metálica utilizada, Tilite®. Para avaliar a espessura do alívio, foi utilizado um filme de silicona de adição determinando o espaço existente entre a parede interna da coroa metálica e o troquel mestre. Após a polimerização do material, as coroas foram removidas do troquel e uma silicona ultraleve de outra coloração foi injetada no interior da coroa com o intuito de garantir a remoção da primeira silicona sem distorção. As amostras de siliconas obtidas foram seccionadas transversalmente para serem escaneadas em alta resolução ao lado de um paquímetro. Posteriormente, as imagens assim obtidas foram levadas ao software Image Tool 3.0 (Department of Dental Science Diagnostic at the University of Texas, Health of Science Center, San Antonio, USA). O procedimento realizado foi a mensuração de pontos para a comparação entre os lados oclusal e a parede axial e apresentou valores médios em micrômetros(μm). Posteriormente, foram submetidos à análise estatística com nível de significância de 5%, através do teste t student, ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significantes estatisticamente entre as faces oclusais e axiais e, entre os grupos não foram significantes, mas estavam próximos da especificação da ADA, concluindo que a utilização de espaçadores promove alívio suficiente para a cimentação. / The aim of the present study is to evaluate what number of die spacer liners has the value to the specification number 8 of the ADA (American Dental Association) for the thickness of the liner of the zinc phosphate cement utilized during the cementation of a metallic crown. An in vitro experimental study was realized with the confection of 20 total crowns divided in four groups: control group (without layers), and groups with one, two and three layers of True Spacer (Talladium Brazil) die spacers of the same factory of the used metallic league. To evaluate the thickness of the relief was utilized a additional silicona for determinate the space between the internal wall of the metallic crown and the master die. The samples of silicona were cross-sectioned at the middle and took. Subsequently, the images thereby achieved were transferred to the Image Tool 3.0 software (Department of Dental Science Diagnostic at the University of Texas, Health of Science Center, San Antonio, USA).The procedures were the measurement of the points in the oclusal side and axial wall and showed average in micrometers. Therefore, had been submitted to statistics analysis with significant level of 5%, through “t student” test, analysis of variance and Tukey test. The results showed significant statistical differences among occlusal and axial faces and between the groups had not been significant, but they were next to the specification of ADA. Concluding that the use of die spacers promove enough relief for the cementation.