This thesis discusses intersections of the Schubert varieties in the flag variety associated to a vector space of dimension n. The Schubert number is the number of irreducible components of an intersection of Schubert varieties. Our main result gives the lower bound on the maximum of Schubert numbers. This lower bound varies quadratically with n. The known lower bound varied only linearly with n. We also establish a few technical results of independent interest in the combinatorics of strong Bruhat orders.

Background: Since the airline deregulation was completed in 1997, a new business model has emerged in the European civil aviation industry. It has caused a shift in the way people travel within Europe. The airlines operating under this new business model known as point-to-point, have created a new outlet for commercial passenger travel and raised concerns for established flag carriers. Problem: This study is of great importance due to the fact that people are traveling more frequently and wish to do so quicker and more efficiently. With so many options to choose from and cost being an important decision maker for both companies and consumers, a study of this industry in terms of competition, price and service quality is of great impor-tance. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and describe whether or not changes in the competitive landscape of the European civil aviation industry are related to the movement of economy class prices. The thesis also looks at whether or not changes in the competitive landscape are related to changes in service quality in the same industry. Both flag-carriers and low-cost carriers in terms of their business models will be investigated. Method: The method chosen for this study was of an integrated approach based solely on secondary data due to the sheer size and scope of this industry. This study investigated the two major business models of this industry through routes to the major cities and capitals of Western Europe from Stockholm Arlanda airport and Stockholm Skavsta airport. A literature study coupled with a comparative analysis has also been done. Conclusions: Dramatic change is occurring in the industry. Competition is increasing not only between companies but between two competing business models. Increased competition is leading to better on-time performance but lower in-flight and ground service quality. Aggregate price level has risen for flag carries with the opposite happening for low-cost carriers. The increased competition is threatening the ill-performing flag carriers and will most likely transform the industry.

The aim with my work is to get a deeper knowledge about the preschool's views of environmental work. I also want to examine how the preschool teachers along with the children work with the project Green Flag in the preschool. I have used structured interview with two teachers in a preschool that works with Green Flag. Green Flag is an environment certification and is an evidence on that one works daily with a document aimed environmental work along with the children. I have found out that each year they work with different themes within Green Flag. They have among other thing worked with water, the forest, the cycle in nature and now they works with lifestyle and health. Each week they also have different types of duties that will be done. They throw debris to the compost, the soil from the compost is then used in order to cultivate vegetables and flowers. They do waste sorting; for example papers, plastics and glass and then they go and throw everything at the recycling central. They often go to the forest, and are outdoors much every day. To achive the goals for Green Flag, it is required it that all personnel in the preschool are equally involved in the work and think that it is funny and interesting with environmental work. / Syftet med mitt arbete är att få fördjupande kunskaper om förskolans syn på miljöarbete. Jag vill även ta reda på hur pedagogerna tillsammans med barnen arbetar med projektet Grön Flagg på förskolan. Jag har använt mig av strukturerad intervju med två stycken pedagoger på en förskola som arbetar med Grön Flagg. Grön Flagg är en miljöcertifiering och är ett bevis på att man jobbar dagligen med ett handlingsinriktat miljöarbete tillsammans med barnen. Jag har kommit fram till att varje år arbetar de med olika teman inom Grön Flagg. De har bland annat arbetat med vatten, skogen, kretsloppet och nu arbetar de med livsstil och hälsa. Varje vecka har de även olika sorters göromål som ska göras. De slänger skräp till komposten, kompostjorden använder de sedan för att odla grönsaker och blommor. De källsorterar papper, plast, glas med mera som de sedan går och slänger på återvinningscentralen. De går ofta till skogen, och är ute mycket varje dag. För att förskolan ska nå sina Grön Flagg mål så krävs det att all personal är lika mycket inblandade i arbetet och tycker att det är roligt och intressant med miljöarbete.

In this article we ask if central values which people were in dialogue with in the memorial messages from Oslo Cathedral Square in the aftermath of July 22 nd 2011, may be seen as a part of Norwegian cultural memory, and if so, how. We answer this question in the affirmative, by elaborating on presentations of the Norwegian flag as a symbol of the values unity and solidarity, and on presentations of love and roses as weapons promoting the values love, humanity and calmness. In our discussion we have drawn on theory of cultural memory and suggested that the use of the Norwegian flag in the messages may be understood in the frame of Assmann’s term "canon", representing the active part of cultural remembrance, and that the message from the use of roses and hearts may be understood in the frame of the term "archive", representing the passive part of remembrance.

<p>Background: Since the airline deregulation was completed in 1997, a new business model has emerged in the European civil aviation industry. It has caused a shift in the way people travel within Europe. The airlines operating under this new business model known as point-to-point, have created a new outlet for commercial passenger travel and raised concerns for established flag carriers.</p><p>Problem: This study is of great importance due to the fact that people are traveling more frequently and wish to do so quicker and more efficiently. With so many options to choose from and cost being an important decision maker for both companies and consumers, a study of this industry in terms of competition, price and service quality is of great impor-tance.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and describe whether or not changes in the competitive landscape of the European civil aviation industry are related to the movement of economy class prices. The thesis also looks at whether or not changes in the competitive landscape are related to changes in service quality in the same industry. Both flag-carriers and low-cost carriers in terms of their business models will be investigated.</p><p>Method: The method chosen for this study was of an integrated approach based solely on secondary data due to the sheer size and scope of this industry. This study investigated the two major business models of this industry through routes to the major cities and capitals of Western Europe from Stockholm Arlanda airport and Stockholm Skavsta airport. A literature study coupled with a comparative analysis has also been done.</p><p>Conclusions: Dramatic change is occurring in the industry. Competition is increasing not only between companies but between two competing business models. Increased competition is leading to better on-time performance but lower in-flight and ground service quality. Aggregate price level has risen for flag carries with the opposite happening for low-cost carriers. The increased competition is threatening the ill-performing flag carriers and will most likely transform the industry.</p>

It is important to work with economic, social and ecological dimensions in order to reach sustainable development. Furthermore, these dimensions are supposed to work opon together. Green Flag´s aim is to process these dimensions in the thematic work in preschool, where children are involved. The aim of this study is to find out how certificated Green flag preschools work with the three dimensions in the education of sustainable development practically and how the children participate in this work. I have used a qualitative semi-structured interview to find out preschool teachers´ thoughts and opinions about how they work with sustainable development and how they make the children involved. Seven municipal preschools have the certification Green Flag in this commune, of them, six participated in the study, one pedagogue from each preschool. The result show that the majority of the preschool teachers are unaware of the dimensions and what they stand for. Anyway the dimensions are processed in the daily activities, but in the thematic work it is usually only one or a two of the dimensions which are processed. The result also shows that children are involved through the selection of themes and activities, where they also are taking part practically. Furthermore, the study shows that childrens critical thinking are not a challenge in the way science say it should be. / Det är viktigt att redan i förskolan arbeta med ekonomiska, sociala och ekologiska dimensioner för att nå en hållbar utveckling. Dessutom ska dessa dimensioner bearbetas tillsammans. Grön Flaggs syfte är att få in dessa dimensioner i temaarbeten i förskolan, samtidigt som barnen görs delaktiga i arbetet. Syftet med den här studien är att ta reda på hur förskolor med certifieringen Grön Flagg praktiskt arbetar med de tre dimensionerna i utbildningen av hållbar utveckling, och hur barnen görs delaktiga i arbetet. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjumetod för att få höra förskollärares tankar och åsikter kring hur de arbetar med hållbar utveckling samt hur de gör barnen delaktiga. I den kommun där jag genomfört min studie i har sju kommunala förskolor certifieringen Grön Flagg, utav dem har sex deltagit i studien, i form av en pedagog från varje förskola. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av förskollärarna inte känner till dimensionerna och vad de står för. Dimensionerna bearbetas ändå genom de vardagliga aktiviteterna, men i de tematiska arbetet är det oftast bara en eller ett par av dimensionerna som kommer till uttryck. Resultatet visar även att barnen görs delaktiga genom val av teman och aktiviteter, där de även deltar praktiskt. Däremot utmanas inte barnens kritiska tänkande i den utsträckningen som forskning visar att sig bör.

Haematology instruments using optical and fluorescence techniques have improved the platelet count in domestic animals. There are still some difficulties present, especially when counting cat thrombocytes due to their ability to aggregate and the occurrence of large platelets. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet crit in dogs, horses and cats on Advia 2120 and Sysmex XT-2000iV. Fresh blood samples from 64 dogs, 40 horses and 39 cats with various medical conditions were analysed on both instruments. Manual blood smears of all feline samples were scrutiniously analysed to evaluate the aggregation warning flag from Advia. There was good agreement between the instruments for the optical platelet count in dogs and cats. Slightly higher values were reported from Advia. Samples from horses presented poor correlations for all studied parameters. Platelet clumps appeared in 70% of the 37 scrutinized feline blood smears, while 46% of the samples generated aggregation warning flags from the Advia instrument. Advia and Sysmex showed good agreement for platelet counts in blood from dogs and cats. Mean platelet volume and platelet crit need further evaluation before conclusions can be made concerning their clinical relevance. The sensitivity of the platelet aggregation warning flag from the Advia instument needs further elevation.

Hållbar utveckling delas upp i tre områden, ekologisk hållbarhet, social hållbarhet och ekonomisk hållbarhet. Dessa tre kompletterar och stödjer varandra. Grön Flagg är ett verktyg som är till stor hjälp för pedagoger på olika nivåer inom förskolan och skolan för att öka barnens förståelse för sambandet mellan naturen och ett hållbart samhälle i framtiden. Målet med min undersökning var att ta reda på hur förskolorna arbetar med Grön Flagg. Rapporten handlar om hur erfarna pedagoger hjälper barn i förskoleåldern förstå naturens möjligheter genom lek och övningar, samt förstå sambandet mellan naturen och ett hållbart samhälle. / Sustainable development is divided into three areas, ecological, social and economic sustainability. These three are complementing and supporting each other. The ”Green Flag” method is a tool which is very helpful for teachers at different levels of pre-school and school, to enhance children's understanding of the relationship between nature and a sustainable society in the future. The goal of my research was to find out how preschools work with the ”Green Flag method. This report deals with how experienced educators are helping preschool children to understand nature's opportunities through play and exercises. As well as understanding the connection between nature and a sustainable society and its importance to gain a sustainable society for all.

Den här studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förskolan arbetar med Grön flagg och om det finns likheter och skillnader med arbetssättet mellan olika förskolor. Fem pedagoger från olika förskolor intervjuades och observationer genomfördes i två av förskolorna. Resultatet som framgick var att pedagogernas arbetssätt var i enlighet med organisationen Grön flaggs uppsatta mål med teman och delmål. Förskolornas arbete fungerade bra och pedagogerna upplevde Grön flagg som ett positivt miljöutbildningsprogram. Samtliga pedagoger var överens om att hållbar utveckling är ett viktigt ämne att arbeta med i förskolan eftersom ett sunt hållbart förhållningssätt ligger i tiden. Barnen är vår framtid och det är de som kan göra en betydande insats och skillnad. Barns delaktighet och pedagogernas syn på barns lärande ses som grundläggande byggstenar i arbetet. Det framgick även skillnader mellan förskolorna i studien, då tiden som läggs ner på Grön flagg varierade. / This study aim to find out how preschool works with Green flag and if there are similarities and differences in approach between different preschools. Five teachers from differentpre-schools interviewed and observations were made in two of the pre-schools. The result showed that teachers' practices were in accordance with the organization Green Flagg's goals with the theme and sub-goals. Preschool work went well and the teachers experienced Green flag as a positive environmental education program. All teachers agreed that sustainable development is an important topic to work with preschool, because a healthy and sustainable approach is seen as important in today´s society. Children are our future and they are the ones who can make a significant contribution and difference. Children's participation and teachers' views on children's learning is seen as fundamental building blocks of the work. The study also showed differences between the pre-schools according time spent on Green flag, witch between the pre-schools.

En omfattande omflaggning av svenska fartyg har pågått under en längre tid. Tidigare har det främst berört andra segment av den svenska sjöfarten, men det senaste året har trenden med omflaggning även spridit sig till färjor. Syftet med denna studie har varit att kartlägga vilka utmaningar som finns med att bedriva färjesjöfart under svensk flagg och hur framtiden kan komma att se ut för svenska sjöbefäl inom färjesjöfarten. Kartläggningen gjordes genom intervjuer med fem representanter från rederier inom färjenäringen. Det gjordes även två kompletterande intervjuer med en representant från en facklig organisation och med ett aktivt sjöbefäl inom färjenäringen. Resultatet visade relativt entydigt att den främsta utmaningen för rederierna idag är bemanningskostnaden, både vad gäller de svenska avtalen och lönenivån i Sverige. Resultatet visade vidare att svenska sjöbefäl i framtiden troligen kommer få arbeta under mindre fördelaktiga avtal än de som finns idag, inte minst för att sådana avtal finns att tillgå i andra högkostnadsländer i närområdet, men att deras kompetens och kunnande värderas högt. / Change of Swedish ships’ nationality has been an ongoing process for several years. Even though this earlier concerned other segments of the Swedish maritime industry, the changing of a ship’s nationality is now common also amongst ferries. The purpose of this study was to find out what challenges there are in running ferries registered in Sweden. The purpose also included finding out how the future might look for Swedish maritime officers within the ferry industry. The study is based on interviews with five representatives from Swedish ferry companies and two additional interviews with a representative from a Swedish union for Swedish maritime officers and a Swedish maritime officer working in the ferry industry today. The result showed that the biggest challenge for the ferry industry in Sweden today is the cost of labor. This includes both the Swedish agreements and salary levels in Sweden. The result also showed that Swedish maritime officers in the future probably will have to accept working under other agreements less profitable than those existing today, especially as this kind of agreements can be found in other countries in the Baltic Sea Area. It also showed that Swedish maritime officers are highly respected for their competence and knowledge.