O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal a avaliação do eventual comportamento sazonal dos volumes e preços praticados na floricultura paulista. Para tal, houve a necessidade de seleção dos produtos e entrepostos a serem trabalhados. Os produtos escolhidos foram: rosa, crisântemo e violeta. Dados referentes à década de 90 foram levantados em entrepostos de comercialização selecionados no Estado de São Paulo: CEAGESP-SP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo), Veiling Holambra (cooperativa que comercializa produto de produtores via leilão eletrônico) e a CEASA-Campinas (Central de Abastecimento S.A de Campinas). Além desse objetivo principal, realizou-se a identificação dos períodos sazonais existentes, a identificação das características do comportamento sazonal de volumes e preços e a comparação das características de mercado das principais flores e plantas ornamentais comercializadas nos entrepostos selecionados no Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados do trabalho apontaram períodos diferentes para o volume de rosa, crisântemos e violetas. Por outro lado, para cada tipo de flor, observou-se maiores semelhanças para o período de preços praticados nestes entrepostos. Por exemplo, o período 12 foi encontrado para os preços praticados para rosas nos três entrepostos, isto é, existem picos de preços de 12 em 12 meses em cada um deles. Observou-se também grandes ligações entre as datas festivas e os períodos encontrados, tanto para volumes quanto para preços. Portanto, tal como para a maior parte dos produtos agrícolas, informações a respeito do período sazonal também são de extrema importância ao sistema de comercialização de flores e plantas ornamentais. Tanto produtores como consumidores podem se beneficiar a partir do conhecimento do comportamento mais sistemático que seus produtos de interesse revelam. Conhecendo os picos sazonais de comercialização, o produtor pode organizar sua produção de tal forma que novas oportunidades de negócios sejam configuradas a partir de uma melhor e maior distribuição de picos ao longo do ano. Com um maior número de picos de comercialização durante o ano, a receita anual, além de incrementada, será melhor distribuída ao longo do período. / This dissertation has the main objective to evaluate an eventual seasonal behavior of volumes and price series at floriculture in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For this reason, a selection of products and trade centers was necessary. The chosen products were: rose, chrysanthemum and violet. Data refering to the decade of 1990 were got from the trade centers selected in the state of São Paulo: CEAGESP-SP -‘ Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo’ - , Veiling Holambra - a cooperative which trades directly from producers through eletronic auction - and CEASA-Campinas - a permanent market of flowers in Campinas. Apart from this principal aim, the identification and characterization of the seasonal period of volumes and prices, and the comparison of market characteristics of main flowers and ornamnetal plants traded in the selected facilities in the state of São Paulo were made. The results of the research pointed distinct periods for the volumes and presented similarity for the price periods. For example, the period of 12 months was found to the price of rose in every trade center. Moreover, it was observed that there are links between comercialdates and the found periods for volumes and prices. Therefore, like for the most agricultural products, it is believed that information about seasonal periods is extremelly important for the trade system of each product. With this knowledge, both, producers and consumers, can benefit themselves. Knowing the seasonal periods, producers can organize their production to make it meet consumers’ demand; consequently, they can create more peaks during the whole year. Increasing the trade peaks, the anual revenue also increases being better distributed during the period.

Um novo conceito agro tecnológico em cultivo protegido foi a utilização de malhas coloridas, que permitem combinar a proteção física com a seleção de determinadas faixas do espectro da radiação solar para promover respostas fisiológicas desejadas reguladas pela luz. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de malhas coloridas, azul, vermelha e preta (controle), no desenvolvimento de duas espécies de helicônias cultivadas em vaso: Heliconia H-01 e Helicônia ortrotricha Eclipse Total. Foram analisadas, para ambas as espécies, características agronômicas como altura e número de folhas finais da planta, quantidade de brotos; quantidade de estômatos por milímetro quadrado e análise espectral de folhas. A Helicônia H-01 não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao número de folhas finais nos três tratamentos, porém as plantas cultivadas sob telado azul e vermelho apresentaram maiores alturas em relação ao controle. O telado azul apresentou maior número de brotos totais, mas não diferiu estatisticamente do controle no número de brotos lançados durante o tempo, sendo que o telado vermelho apresentou plantas com menor número de brotos. A maior quantidade de estômatos por mm2 foi encontrada nas plantas do telado vermelho, onde azul e controle não diferiram entre si. A análise de reflectância mostrou diferenças significativas na região visível, faixa de absorção da luz incidente pelos pigmentos fotossintetizantes. A H. ortrotricha não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao número final de folhas, mas no telado azul apresentou a maior altura, seguido do vermelho e depois do controle. Não houve diferença significativa na quantidade de brotos lançado ao longo do tempo, mas o telado vermelho apresentou maior quantidade de brotos finais. Os tratamentos não apresentaram diferença significativa na quantidade de estômatos por mm2. Houve diferença significativa na curva espectral das folhas, principalmente na região do visível. / A new agro technology concept in greenhouse was the use of colored shade nets, which allow to combine the physical protection with the selection of spectral wavelengths of solar radiation to promote physiological responses regulated by light. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of colored shade nets, blue, red and black, in the development of two species of heliconias grown in pots: Heliconia H-01 and Heliconia ortrotricha Total Eclipse. The agronomic characteristics were studied for both species as plants height and number of leaves at the end of the experiment; number of shoots; number of stomata per square millimeter and spectral reflectance of leaves. There were no differences on the number of leaves between the treatments, but blue and red nets exhibited higher plants. Plants of blue net showed a greater number of shoots, and there were not statistically different from black net in the number of shoots during the study, and the red net plants showed fewer shoots than the other colored shade nets. The greater number of stomata per square millimeter was found in plants grown in red net, and blue and black nets did not showed significant differences. The spectral reflectance of H. H01 leaves showed significant differences in the absorption of visible wavelengths by the photosynthetic pigments. H. ortrotricha showed no significant difference on the number of leaves, but the plants of the blue net were highest and black net the lowest. There was no significant difference on the number of new shoots during the study, but the red net exhibited a greater number of shoots in the end of the study. All the treatments showed no significant difference in the number of stomata per square millimeter. There were significant differences in the spectral reflectance of leaves, mainly in the visible wavelengths.

Integrate art into a 5E model unit on the anatomy of flowers to provide students with another lens through which to view the specialized structures and organization of flowering plants.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate three coverings for overwintering twelve varieties of container grown herbaceous perennials under Kentucky conditions. The twelve perennial varieties were started from seed in the spring and had been moved to one gallon containers by fall. In the first week of December, three blocks of containers were covered with one of the following: one layer of 4 mil, milky copolymer; one layer of quarter inch microfoam and one layer of milky copolymer; a sandwich of two layers of milky copolymer with 6 inches of wheat straw between them; the remaining block was left uncovered as a check. The perennials were uncovered in the spring, observed, and evaluated. The single layer of copolymer and the microfoam and copolymer treatments had the most new growth. The growth under the copolymer and straw sandwich method was elongated and white. Only three containers in the uncovered treatment showed signs of regrowth. The microfoam and copolymer and the single layer of milky copolymer proved to be the best coverings for the over - wintering container grown herbaceous perennials in Kentucky.

No description available.

No description available.

Im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2011 wurden jährlich über 140 Stauden sowie weitere 120 Staudenarten aus Zwiebeln und Knollen als Schnittblume aus dem Freiland getestet. Ergebnis ist ein 77 Arten umfassendes Sortiment von Stauden mit guten Anbaueigenschaften und Stielqualitäten, die für den zeitigen Absatz bis Ende Juni empfohlen werden. Das Empfehlungssortiment an Schnittstauden aus Zwiebeln und Knollen umfasst 73 Kulturen. Die vorgestellten »Pillnitzer Wochensträuße« verdeutlichen die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten, ab Mitte April ohne Verfrühungsmaßnahmen Schnittblumen von Stauden im Freiland zu erzeugen. Beispielrechnungen zeigen, dass sich mit Schnittstauden im Freilandanbau gute Erlöse erzielen lassen. Investitionen und Energiekosten fallen nicht an bzw. sind gering.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 30, 2006). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2010. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references

Pattern formation in buckled membranes was studied along with the morphology of flowers formed at the tip of silicon nanowires and ripples formed in suspended graphene sheets. Nash's perturbation method was tested for a simple case where initial and final metrics embed smoothly and there is a smooth path from one surface to another and was found to work successfully. The method was tested in more realistic conditions where a smooth path was not known and the method failed. Cylindrical flower-like membranes with a metric of negative Gaussian curvature were simulated in three and four dimensions. These four dimensional flowers had 2 orders of magnitude less energy than their three dimensional counterparts. Simulations were used to show that the addition of a fourth spatial dimension did not relieve all bending energy from the cylindrical membranes. Patterns formed at the tip of silicon nanowires were studied and found to be of the Dense Branching Morphology type. The rate of branching is dependent on the curvature of the gold bubble on which they are grown. Graphene was simulated using the modified embedded atom method potential and buckles were found to form if the carbon bonds were stretched. An energy functional was found for the energy of a sheet with a metric different from that of flat space. / text