Neste trabalho tratamos o assunto de existência e unicidade de estados de equilíbrio para uma classe importante de fluxos e aplicações com singularidades. Mostramos a existência de estados de equilíbrio para potenciais contínuos no contexto de fluxos singular-hiperbólicos, em particular fluxos de Lorenz. Demonstramos um critério para unicidade de estados de equilíbrio para aplicações unidimensionais do tipo Lorenz. Utilizando o critério, provamos que potenciais Hölder por partes com único estado de equilíbrio formam um conjunto aberto na topologia \'C POT.0\' e que a unicidade ainda é garantida para potenciais próximos a uma constante \'K IND. 0\' \' pertence a\' R / In this work we deal with the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states for an important class of flows and transformations with singularities. In the context of singular-hyperbolic flows, we show the existence of equilibrium states for continuous potentials. In particular, this shows the existence of equilibrium states for Lorenz-like flows. We prove a criterium for the uniqueness of the equilibrium states of one-dimensional Lorenz-like applications. Using such criterium, we prove that piecewise Hölder continuous potentials with unique equilibrium states form an open in the \'C POT. 0\' topology and that the uniqueness is still guaranteed to a potential close to a constant \'K IND.0\' \'it belongs\' R

A redução da pobreza é um problema amplamente discutido no mundo. Por meio do crescimento econômico, os países podem melhorar seu padrão de vida e alcançar maiores níveis de desenvolvimento. Com a abertura promovida no contexto da globalização, houve aumento no fluxo de bens e capitais externos para os países em desenvolvimento, favorecendo seu crescimento econômico. Este trabalho buscou identificar relações de causalidade entre fluxos externos, crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. Foram utilizados indicadores trimestrais e anuais sugeridos na revisão teórica. Os dados trimestrais foram utilizados para construir um modelo de auto-regressão vetorial (VAR), que verificou relações de causalidade entre as variáveis. Os dados anuais foram utilizados para a análise de regressão. Os resultados sugerem que o crescimento econômico apresenta relações de causalidade com investimento interno, poupança, abertura econômica e produtividade. A produtividade, por sua vez, é influenciada pelo capital humano, investimento estrangeiro direto e progresso tecnológico. O desenvolvimento econômico apresentou relações de causalidade com educação e renda (aumento e distribuição de renda). / The poverty reduction is widely discussed around the world. Through the economic growth, the countries can improve their pattern of life and reach high levels of development. The commercial overture promoted by globalization increased the international flows of capital and goods into developing countries and promoted economic growth. This study, tried to identify causality relation among international flows, development and economic growth. Quarterly and annual indicators were used as suggested in the theorist revision. The quarterly data were used to built a vector auto regression model (VAR) to verify causality relation among the variables. The annual data were used to the regression analysis. The results suggest that the economic growth has causality relations with internal investment, savings, economic opening and productivity. The productivity is influenced by human capital, external direct investment and technological progress. The development has causality relations with education and income (increase and distribution).

Orientador: Daniela Magalhães Prates / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T03:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Weiss_MauricioAndrade_D.pdf: 3099937 bytes, checksum: f12ba1741353723f160b9105d03c2349 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Uma das características fundamentais da dinâmica das finanças internacionais no contexto de globalização financeira é a volatilidade dos fluxos de capitais. Essa volatilidade é decorrente da dominância da lógica financeira sobre a produtiva no capitalismo contemporâneo e das atuais características do sistema monetário internacional (SMI). Em períodos de elevado apetite pelo risco, os fluxos de capitais tendem a elevar sua participação nos países em desesnvolvimento. Já nos momentos de elevada preferência por liquidez, esses fluxos migram para os países desenvolvidos, principalmente para os Estados Unidos. Esta tese pretende dar uma contribuição à literatura empírica sobre os determinantes dos fluxos de capitais aos países em desenvolvimento por meio de um modelo econométrico de dados em painel com a utilização de diferentes métodos: mínimos quadrados ordinários (Ordinary Least Squares), efeitos fixos (fixed effects), efeitos aleatórios (random effects), primeira diferença (first difference) e método dos momentos generalizados (Generalized method of moments). Os resultados obtidos contribuíram com os estudos anteriores que apontaram para um predomínio dos fatores externos sobre os internos na determinação dos fluxos de capitais. Merece destaque o indicador de volatilidade VIX CBOE, o qual se mostrou significativo e com sinal esperado nas quinze equações testadas / Abstract: One of the key features of the dynamics of international finance in the context of financial globalization is the volatility of capital flows. This volatility is due to the dominance of the financial over the productive logic of contemporary capitalism and the current characteristics of the international monetary system (IMS). In periods of high risk appetite, capital flows tend to raise its share in developing countries. But in the periods of high liquidity preference, these flows migrate to developed countries, mainly to the United States. This thesis aims to give a contribution to the empirical literature on the determinants of capital flows to developing countries using an econometric panel data model with the use of different methods: ordinary least squares, fixed effects, random effects, first difference and generalized method of moments. The results contributed to earlier studies that showed a predominance of external factors over internal ones in determining capital flows. Also noteworthy is the CBOE VIX volatility indicator, which showed significant and with the expected sign on the fifteen tested equations / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Orientador: Plínio Soares de Arruda Sampaio Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T05:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_FernandoD'Angelo_M.pdf: 2906717 bytes, checksum: a9f37eb236f61a8da8c8765bcd3fea25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo da dissertação é avaliar a mudança quantitativa e qualitativa no grau de vulnerabilidade externa do balanço de pagamentos do Brasil a crises de fuga de capital de 1990 a 2010, tendo em vista a maior facilidade de movimentação e transferência dos estoques de riqueza do país. Tal mudança está associada à forma de integração da economia ao mercado externo e às reformas neoliberais, que acarretaram em uma maior integração do Brasil no mercado financeiro internacional e nos fluxos de investimento direto. A maior mobilidade dos capitais, produtivos e financeiros, alterou o perfil e o comportamento do capital internacional, o que está refletido na maior volubilidade do passivo externo e, em alguma medida, do estoque interno de riqueza. Levando em consideração as profundas mudanças no capitalismo contemporâneo, o estudo passa pelas transformações estruturais da economia e pelas mudanças que alteraram seu grau de abertura financeira e, assim, elevaram o potencial de saída dos estoques de riqueza do país, com sérias consequências sobre a dependência financeira do país / Abstract: This dissertation aims to examine the quantitative and qualitative changes in the Brazilian balance of payments? vulnerability degree to capital flight crisis, from 1990 to 2010, related to the greater facility of transferring wealth stocks. These changes are associated to the implementation of neoliberal reforms and to the financial opening and integration of national economy to foreign markets, which resulted in a higher degree of international integration in Brazil. The higher capital mobility, either productive or financial, changed international capital profile and behavior, what is reflected in the increased volatility of foreign liabilities and, to some extent, of domestic stock of wealth. Considering the profound changes in the contemporary capitalism, the work deals with economic structural changes and with the alterations in the degree of external financial liberalization, which increased capital flights risk, with serious impacts over financial dependence / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

The dynamic response of turbine flowmeters in low pressure gas flows (i. e. where the rotational inertia of the fluid is negligible) is well understood and methods for correcting meter signals for a lack of response are available. For liquid flows there has been a limited amount of experimental work on the response of meters to step changes but no reports have been found of the response of meters to sinusoidally pulsating flows. "Small" turbine meters are expected to behave differently from "large" meters for a number of reasons: a smaller meter would generally have: (1) a larger percentage of tip clearance leakage flow; (2) less fluid momentum between the meter blading; and, (3) less fluid friction forces on the effective surface area. In this research, arbitrarily, meters up to size 25 mm were defined as small; and within this study, meters of size 6 mm to 25 mm were investigated. The aim of the research was to investigate and to understand the response of small turbine meters to pulsating liquid flows and to provide methods for correction. Three approaches were used: (1) application of an existing theoretical model of turbine meter behaviour; (2) an experimental investigation of meter performance in pulsating flows; and (3) simulation of flow behaviour through one selected meter using CFD and extending the simulation to predict the rotor dynamics and, hence, the response of this meter to specified cases of pulsating flow. A theoretical model developed by Dijstelbergen (1966) assumes frictionless behaviour and that flow is perfectly guided by meter blading through the rotor and that fluid within the rotor envelope rotates as a "solid body". Results from this theoretical model applied for pulsating flows showed that there was likely to be positive error in predicted mean flow rate (over-registration) and negative error for predicted values of the amplitude of the pulsations (amplitude attenuation). This behaviour is due to the fundamental asymmetry between flows with increasing and decreasing angle of attack relative to the meter blades, throughout a pulsation cycle. This qualitative behaviour was confirmed by experimental work with meters up to size 25mm working with pulsation frequencies up to 300 Hz. For low frequency pulsations (below 10 Hz), the over-registration errors were within the limits of specified meter accuracy. At higher frequencies and larger pulsation amplitudes, the largest over-registration observed was 5.5 % and amplitude attenuation could be as large as 90 %. The dependence of these errors on both the flow pulsation amplitude and frequency were investigated. The theoretical model was also used as a basis for generating correction procedures, to be applied to both the mean flow and the pulsation amplitude measurements. The results from the CFD simulation showed qualitative good agreement with the experimental data. The same kind of meter error trends were observed and it was shown to provide a better correlation with the experimental trends than the theoretical model derived from Dijstelbergen. From the CFD simulation, the causes of over-registration and amplitude attenuation in turbine flowmetering were understood through the investigation of rotor dynamics coupled with fluid behaviour around meter blading within the pulsation cycle. The CFD results were used to evaluate fluid angular momentum flux and to review the validity of the assumption that fluid within the rotor "envelope" rotated as a solid body. For the case investigated, whilst the assumption that flow is perfectly guided is not inappropriate, the volume of fluid assumed to rotate as a "solid body" was found to be significantly less than the rotor envelope volume.

En fonction de la configuration avion, de son altitude du vol, du type de carburant, différents phénomènes physiques modifient les caractéristiques de l'alimentation du moteur en carburant. En effet, il se produit principalement un phénomène de dégazage qui pourrai être couplé à de la cavitation. Les écoulements diphasiques ainsi obtenus contiennent des microbulles, des bulles ou des poches de gaz qui risquent d'induire des dysfonctionnements du moteur. Ces dysfonctionnements se traduisent par des fluctuations de poussée pouvant conduire à une perte de contrôle de l’appareil. De cette problématique industrielle découlent de nombreux verrous scientifiques encore mal connus. Dans le cadre de cette thèse des travaux sur la modélisation numérique et la caractérisation expérimentale du couplage entre la cavitation et le dégazage. Pour cela deux bancs d’essai et un code propre capable d'étudier la problématique scientifique retenue ont été développés et exploités. Trois régimes de cavitation pure et trois autres de cavitation aérée sur une géométrie de venturi 8° symétrique ont été étudiés." / Depending on the configuration of the plane, its flight altitude, the type of fuel, different physical phenomena significantly change the characteristics of the fuel supply to the engine. Indeed, it primarily occurs a fuel degassing phenomenon that could be coupled to the cavitation phenomenon. As a result, the thus obtained multiphase flows contain micro bubbles, larger bubbles or vapor pockets which might induce engines malfunctions. The latter result in thrust fluctuations which can lead to a loss of power. The scientific context of the industrial problem lies in the development of a numerical and experimental representation of the cavitation and degassing phenomena on a smaller scale. As a result, it is of primary importance for one to understand the mechanisms of occurrence of gas and cavitation in the given industrial configuration. In order to deal with those issues, two test benches have been developed, as well as an in-house numerical code capable of simulating aerated cavitation phenomenon. Therefore, three different pure cavitation regimes and three other aerated cavitation are shown, as a result of the experimental work. The multiphase flow observations are based on a statistical post-processing of images taken by a high-speed camera. Moreover, two 2D aerated cavitation numerical simulations, as well as the first 3D pure cavitation simulation have been shown.

Dense flows of grains are commonplace throughout natural and industrial environments, from snow-avalanches down the sides of mountains to flows of cereal down chutes as it is transported from one part of a factory to another. A ubiquitous feature in all of these flows is their ability to separate the different grain types when shaken, stirred, sheared or vibrated. Many flows are sheared through gravity and these flows are particularly efficient at segregating particles based on their size, with small particles percolating to the bottom of the flow and large particles collecting at the top. Within this mechanism, an asymmetry between the large and small particles has been observed, with small particles percolating downwards through many large particles at a faster rate than large particles rise upwards through many small particles. This alternative format thesis presents a revised continuum model for segregation of a bidisperse mixture that can account for this asymmetry. A general class of asymmetric segregation flux functions is introduced that gives rise to asymmetric velocities between the large and small grains. Exact solutions for segregation down an inclined chute, with homogenous and normally graded inflow conditions, show that the asymmetry can significantly enhance the distance for complete segregation. Experiments performed using a classical shear-box with refractive index matched scanning are able to quantify the asymmetry between large and small particles on both bulk and particle scales. The dynamics of a single small particle indicate that it not only falls down faster than a single large particle rises, but that it also exhibits a step-like motion compared to the smooth ascent of the large grain. This points towards an underlying asymmetry between the different sized constituents. The relationship between the segregation-time and the volume fraction of small grains is analysed, and solutions presented for the steady-state balance between segregation and diffusive remixing. These help to show the good agreement between the asymmetric model and experimental data. Segregation at the front of natural avalanches produces a recirculation zone, known as a `breaking size-segregation wave', in which large particles are initially segregated upwards, sheared towards the front of the flow, and overrun before being resegregated again. Solutions for the structure of this recirculation zone are derived using the asymmetric flux model, revealing a novel `lens-tail' structure. Critically, it is seen that a few large particles starting close to the bottom of the flow are swept a long way upstream and take a very long time to recirculate. The breaking size-segregation waves highlight the important interplay between segregation and the bulk velocity field. The properties of flowing monodisperse grains are explored through experiments on a cone that produce a beautiful radial fingering pattern. Equations developed in a conical coordinate system reproduce the measured linear relationship between fingering radius and initial flux, whilst also predicting the slowing and thinning dynamics of the flow. Overall, these results illustrate the complex nature of the granular rheology and provide perspectives for future modelling of segregation in dense granular flows.

Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes attaché à la résolution numérique des équations de la Magnétohydrodynamique (MHD) auxquelles s'ajoute une loi hyperbolique de transport des erreurs de divergence.La première étape consista à symétriser le nouveau système de la MHD idéale afin d'en étudier le système propre, ce qui fut l'occasion de rappeler le rôle de l'entropie au niveau de ce calcul comme à celui de l'inégalité de Clausius-Duhem. La suite de cette thèse eut pour objectif la résolution de ces équations idéales à l'aide de schémas distribuant le résidu (notés RD). Les quatre principaux schémas connus furent testés, et nous avons montré entre autres que le schéma N, qui a fait ses preuves sur les équations d'Euler en mécanique des fluides, n'était pas adapté aux équations de la MHD. Les stratégies classiques de limitation et de stabilisation purent être revisitées à ce moment. Les équations étant instationnaires, il fallut intégrer une discrétisation en temps et une distribution spatiale des termes d'évolution (et d'éventuelles sources). Nous avons d'emblée opté pour une approche implicite permettant d'être performant sur les simulations longues des expériences de tokamaks, et de traiter la correction de la divergence d'une manière originale et efficace. Les problèmes de convergence de la méthode de Newton-Raphson n'ayant pas été pleinement résolus, nous nous sommes tournés vers une alternative explicite de type Runge-Kutta. Enfin, nous avons réétabli les principes de la montée en ordre (en théorie, jusqu'à des ordres arbitraires, en prenant en compte le phénomène de Gibbs) à l'aide de tout type d'élément fini (bien construit) 2D ou 3D, sans avoir pu valider tous ces aspects. Nous avons également pris en compte les équations complètes de la MHD réelle classique (i.e. sans effet Hall) à l'aide d'un couplage RD/Galerkin. / During this thesis, we worked on the numerical resolution of the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, to which we added a hyperbolic transport equation for the divergence errors of the magnetic field.The first step consisted in symmetrizing the new ideal MHD system in order to study its eigensystem, which was the opportunity to remind the role of the entropy in this calculation as well as in the Clausius-Duhem inequality. Next, we aimed at solving these ideal equations by the mean of Residual Distribution (RD) schemes.The four main schemes were tested, and we showed among other things that the N scheme (although it has been proven very efficient with Euler equations in Fluid Mechanics) could not give satisfying results with the MHD equations. Classical strategies for the limitation and the stabilization were revisited then. Moreover,since we dealt with unsteady equations, we had to formulate atime discretization and a spatial distribution of the unsteady terms (as well as possible sources). We first choosed an implicit approach allowing us to be powerful on the long simulations needed for tokamak experiments, and to treat the divergence cleaning part in an original and efficient way. The convergence problems of our Newton-Raphson algorithm having not been fully resolved, we turned to an explicit alternative (Runge-Kutta type).Finally, we discussed about the principles of higher order schemes (theoretically, up to arbitrary orders, taking into account the Gibbs phenomenon) thanks to any type of 2D or 3D finite element (properly defined), without having been able to to validate all these aspects. We also implemented the dissipative part of the full MHD equations (in the classical sense, i.e. omitting the Hall effect) by the use of a RD/Galerkin coupling.

Data have become number one assets of today's business world. Thus, its exploitation and analysis attracted the attention of people from different fields and having different technical backgrounds. Data-intensive flows are central processes in today’s business intelligence (BI) systems, deploying different technologies to deliver data, from a multitude of data sources, in user-preferred and analysis-ready formats. However, designing and optimizing such data flows, to satisfy both users' information needs and agreed quality standards, have been known as a burdensome task, typically left to the manual efforts of a BI system designer. These tasks have become even more challenging for next generation BI systems, where data flows typically need to combine data from in-house transactional storages, and data coming from external sources, in a variety of formats (e.g. social media, governmental data, news feeds). Moreover, for making an impact to business outcomes, data flows are expected to answer unanticipated analytical needs of a broader set of business users' and deliver valuable information in near real-time (i.e. at the right time). These challenges largely indicate a need for boosting the automation of the design and optimization of data-intensive flows. This PhD thesis aims at providing automatable means for managing the lifecycle of data-intensive flows. The study primarily analyzes the remaining challenges to be solved in the field of data-intensive flows, by performing a survey of current literature, and envisioning an architecture for managing the lifecycle of data-intensive flows. Following the proposed architecture, we further focus on providing automatic techniques for covering different phases of the data-intensive flows' lifecycle. In particular, the thesis first proposes an approach (CoAl) for incremental design of data-intensive flows, by means of multi-flow consolidation. CoAl not only facilitates the maintenance of data flow designs in front of changing information needs, but also supports the multi-flow optimization of data-intensive flows, by maximizing their reuse. Next, in the data warehousing (DW) context, we propose a complementary method (ORE) for incremental design of the target DW schema, along with systematically tracing the evolution metadata, which can further facilitate the design of back-end data-intensive flows (i.e. ETL processes). The thesis then studies the problem of implementing data-intensive flows into deployable formats of different execution engines, and proposes the BabbleFlow system for translating logical data-intensive flows into executable formats, spanning single or multiple execution engines. Lastly, the thesis focuses on managing the execution of data-intensive flows on distributed data processing platforms, and to this end, proposes an algorithm (H-WorD) for supporting the scheduling of data-intensive flows by workload-driven redistribution of data in computing clusters. The overall outcome of this thesis an end-to-end platform for managing the lifecycle of data-intensive flows, called Quarry. The techniques proposed in this thesis, plugged to the Quarry platform, largely facilitate the manual efforts, and assist users of different technical skills in their analytical tasks. Finally, the results of this thesis largely contribute to the field of data-intensive flows in today's BI systems, and advocate for further attention by both academia and industry to the problems of design and optimization of data-intensive flows. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Active matter theory studies the collective behaviour of self-propelled organisms or objects. Although the field has made great progress in the past decade, little is known of the role played by confinement and surfaces. This thesis analyses the self-organisation of dense bacterial suspensions in three different microchambers: flattened drops, racetracks and lattices of cavities. Suspensions of swimming bacteria are well-known to spontaneously form macroscopic quasi-turbulent patterns such as jets and swirls. Confinement inside flattened drops and racetracks stabilises their motion into a spiral vortex and wavy streams, respectively. We have quantitatively measured and analysed bacterial circulation and discovered cells at the interfaces to move against the bulk. To understand this phenomenon, we developed a method able to measure simultaneously the directions of swimming and of motion. Experiments in drops reveal that cells align in a helical pattern, facing outward and against the main bulk circulation. Likewise, bacteria in racetracks share a biased orientation against the overall stream. Particle-based simulations confirm these results and identify hydrodynamic interactions as the main driving force: bacteria generate long-range fluid flows which advect the suspension in the bulk against its swimming direction, resulting in the double-circulation pattern. We have finally injected dense suspensions of bacteria into lattices of cavities. They form a single vortex in each cavity, initially spinning clockwise or counterclockwise with equal probabilities. Changing the topology of the lattice and the geometry of connections between cavities allows us to control the lattice state (random, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or unstable). Edge currents along interfaces and connections appear to determine the lattice organisation. We finally propose an Ising model to understand experimental results and estimate Hamiltonian and interactions parameters. This work opens new perspectives for the study of active matter and, we hope, will have a great impact on the field.