Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-09T18:36:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MatheusAlmeidaTrindade.pdf: 748002 bytes, checksum: 71434375444f93d4468c9f416f0e79a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-16T19:06:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MatheusAlmeidaTrindade.pdf: 748002 bytes, checksum: 71434375444f93d4468c9f416f0e79a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T19:06:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MatheusAlmeidaTrindade.pdf: 748002 bytes, checksum: 71434375444f93d4468c9f416f0e79a4 (MD5) / Entende-se que a avaliação dos movimentos funcionais é uma forma de identificar deficiências de mobilidade e estabilidade, por vezes negligenciados em avaliações clássicas e tradicionais, até mesmo na população assintomática. Nosso estudo é pioneiro ao tentar relacionar a qualidade de vida com os resultados do FMS.Objetivo Avaliar o equilíbrio postural estático e dinâmico, nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida de universitários jovens e sadios. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, caracterizado pela aplicação do método FMS em indivíduos jovens e sadios. Os voluntários foram submetidos a testes de equilíbrio e questionários de nível de atividade física e qualidade de vida. Participaram do presente estudo 58 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, universitários, de 18 a 35 anos e sem histórico de trauma ou lesões que pudessem gerar algum impedimento na realização das atividades do trabalho. Resultados O presente estudo demonstrou que o nível de atividade física, domínios de qualidade de vida e índices de equilíbrio unipodal de universitários sadios não discriminaram os grupos FMS1 e FMS2. Considerações finais Tais achados reforçam a importância de se rever o uso do FMS enquanto única estratégia para prevenção de lesões ou análise de desempenho durante atividades físicas e esportivas. / IntroductionIt is understood that the evaluation of functional movements is a way to identify deficiencies of mobility and stability, sometimes neglected in classical and traditional assessments even in the asymptomatic population. Our study is the first to try to relate the quality of life with the results of FMS. Objective To evaluate static and dynamic postural balance, physical activity and quality of life of young students and healthy.Methods This was a cross-sectional study, characterized by the method FMS in young and healthy individuals. The volunteers underwent balance tests and questionnaires level of physical activity and quality of life. The study included 58 volunteers of both sexes, students, 18-35 years and with no history of trauma or injury that could generate some impediment in carrying out work activities. Results The study showed that the level of physical activity, quality of life domains and single leg balance indexes of healthy university did not discriminate the FMS1 and FMS2 groups. Conclusion These findings reinforce the importance of reviewing the use of FMS as the sole strategy for prevention of injury or performance analysis for physical and sporting activities.

No / This paper presents a Knowledge-Based (KB) integrated approach for planning and designing of number of machining centres, selection of material handling system, layout and networking architecture and cost analysis for a Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). The KB model can be applied for integrating the decision issues at both the planning and designing stages of an FMS for three types of layouts (single row, double row, and loop) and three MHS types (robot-conveyor, AGV-conveyor and a hybrid AGV-robot-conveyor). The KB methodology starts from a suitable information input, which includes demand per year of part types, part type’s information, machining centre’s calculation, Material Handling System (MHS) selection, machining centre’s layout selection, networking selection and financial analysis. The KB methodology is developed by using AM, an expert system shell, and contains over 1500 KB rules. The performance of the system has been verified and validated through four published and four industrial case studies, respectively. The validation results from industry show that the KB methodology is capable of considering detailed design inputs and is able to assist in designing and selecting a practical FMS. It is concluded that a KB system for the present FMS application is a viable and efficient methodology.

This dissertation research explores a reconfigurable hardware-based parallel simulation mechanism that can dramatically improve the speed of simulating the operations of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Here reconfigurable hardware-based simulation refers to running simulation on a reconfigurable hardware platform, realized by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The hardware model, also called simulator, is specifically designed for mimicking a small desktop FMS. It is composed of several micro-emulators, which are capable of mimicking operations of equipment in FMS, such as machine centers, transporters, and load/unload stations. To design possible architectures for the simulator, a mapping technology is applied using the physical layout information of an FMS. Under such a mapping method, the simulation model is decomposed into a cluster of micro emulators on the board where each machine center is represented by one micro emulator. To exploit the advantage of massive parallelism, a kind of star network architecture is proposed, with the robot sitting at the center. As a pilot effort, a prototype simulator has been successfully built. A new simulation modeling technology named synchronous real-time simulation (SRS) is proposed. Instead of running conventional programs on a microprocessor, this new technology adopts several concepts from electronic area, such as using electronic signals to mimic the behavior of entities and using specifically designed circuits to mimic system resources. Besides, a time-scaling simulation method is employed. The method uses an on-board global clock to synchronize all activities performed on different emulators, and by this way tremendous overhead on synchronization can be avoided. Experiments on the prototype simulator demonstrate the validity of the new modeling technology, and also show that tremendous speedup compared to conventional software-based simulation methods can be achieved. / Ph. D.

Le contrôle hétérarchique des systèmes de production flexibles (FMS) préconise un contrôle peu complexe et hautement réactif supporté par des entités décisionnelles locales (DEs). En dépit d'avancées prometteuses, ces architectures présentent un comportement myope car les DEs ont une visibilité informationnelle limitée sue les autres DEs, ce qui rend difficile la garantie d'une performance globale minimum. Cette thèse se concentre sur les approches permettant de réduire cette myopie. D'abord, une définition et une typologie de cette myopie dans les FMS sont proposées. Ensuite, nous proposons de traiter explicitement le comportement myope avec une architecture semi-hétérarchique. Dans celle-ci, une entité décisionnelle globale (GDE) traite différents types de décisions myopes à l'aide des différentes techniques d'optimisation basée sur la simulation (SbO). De plus, les SbO peuvent adopter plusieurs rôles, permettant de réduire le comportement myope de plusieurs façons. Il est également possible d'avoir plusieurs niveaux d'autonomie en appliquant différents modes d'interaction. Ainsi, notre approche accepte des configurations dans lesquelles certains comportements myopes sont réduits et d'autres sont acceptés. Notre approche a été instanciée pour contrôler la cellule flexible AIP- PRIMECA de l'Université de Valenciennes. Les résultats des simulations ont montré que l'architecture proposée peut réduire les comportements myopes en établissant un équilibre entre la réactivité et la performance globale. Des expérimentations réelles ont été réalisées sur la cellule AIP-PRIMECA pour des scenarios dynamiques et des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus. / Heterarchical-based control for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) localizes control capabilities in decisional entities (DE), resulting in highly reactive and low complex control architectures. However, these architectures present myopic behavior since DEs have limited visibility of other DEs and their behavior, making difficult to ensure certain global performance. This dissertation focuses on reducing myopic behavior. At first, a definition and a typology of myopic behavior in FMS is proposed. In this thesis, myopic behavior is dealt explicitly so global performance can be improved. Thus, we propose a semi-heterarchical architecture in which a global decisional entity (GDE) deals with different kinds of myopic decisions using simulation-based optimization (SbOs). Different optimization techniques can be used so myopic decisions can be dealt individually, favoring GDE modularity. Then, the SbOs can adopt different roles, being possible to reduce myopic behavior in different ways. More, it is also possible to grant local decisional entities with different autonomy levels by applying different interaction modes. In order to balance reactivity and global performance, our approach accepts configurations in which some myopic behaviors are reduced and others are accepted. Our approach was instantiated to control the assembly cell at Valenciennes AIPPRIMECA center. Simulation results showed that the proposed architecture reduces myopic behavior whereby it strikes a balance between reactivity and global performance. The real implementation on the assembly cell verified the effectiveness of our approach under realistic dynamic scenarios, and promising results were obtained.

Title: Using the FMS method for injury prevention in older school-age athletes Objectives: The objective of this diploma thesis is to show new methods and approaches used nowadays for preventing injuries in athletics. In order to fulfil the objective, it was necessary to gather as much information as possible about the characteristics of older school-age children, the issue of injuries at this age, in general and in athletics specifically. Understanding the connections, two methods were then selected and described in detail which focus on preventing injury and which are used in athletics as well as other sports. One of these methods is the ComplexCore+ method which was invented and described by Austrian physical therapist and coach Roman Jahoda. This method is widely used in athletics and its main focus is the local and global stabilization of the body. In this thesis, however, I have more focused more on describing and analysing the principles and options for using the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) method. FMS is founded in physical therapy and was created by American physical therapist and coach Gray Cook. The purpose of the method is to identify and assess the quality of basic movement patterns through 7 mobility tests. In order to fulfil the objective of the thesis, two FMS tests were...

Le récepteur tyrosine kinase FLT3 est impliqué dans le maintien et le renouvellement des cellules souches et des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques. Dans environ 30% des cas de leucémies aiguës myéloïdes, il est activé constitutivement par des mutations, dont les plus fréquentes impliquent une duplication de séquence dans le domaine juxtamembranaire (Internal Tandem Duplication, ou ITD). Des inhibiteurs chimiques de FLT3 ont été développés dans le cadre de thérapies anti-cancéreuses, mais leurs essais cliniques se sont révélés assez décevants avec des effets essentiellement transitoires. Par ailleurs, certaines études ont mis en évidence une signalisation intracellulaire spécifique au mutant FLT3-ITD, comme l’activation spécifique de STAT5a. Ces données soulignent la nécessité d’étudier exhaustivement et en détail la signalisation intracellulaire induite par le récepteur FLT3 et ses mutants oncogéniques dans des modèles pertinents, avec l’espoir d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. Nous avons surexprimé FLT3 et sa forme mutante ITD dans la lignée murine de progéniteurs myéloïdes FDCP-1/Fms. Ce modèle s’est avéré représentatif des processus observés in vivo en termes de survie, de prolifération et de différenciation monocytaire. Nous l’avons alors utilisé dans une approche protéomique pour identifier des protéines différemment phosphorylées et/ou exprimées entre les deux cas. L’utilisation d’ARN interférant et la surexpression des protéines candidates ou de leurs mutants a permis de révéler l’implication fonctionnelle de plusieurs d’entre elles dans la signalisation FLT3, telles que Hcls1, Ezrin, et PAK1 qui sont toutes des régulateurs du cytosquelette / The FLT3 receptor is involved in stem cells and myeloid progenitors self renewal processes. In about 30% of the acute myeloid leukemia cases, this receptor is mutated and constitutively active, the most common mutation being duplication of sequences in the juxtamembrane domain (Internal Tandem Duplication, ITD). Many chemical inhibitors of FLT3 have been developed for anti-cancer therapies but the clinical trials were a bit disappointing, showing mainly transient effect on blast reduction. Several studies have shown that FLT3-ITD triggers a different signaling from the wild-type receptor, like the specific activation of STAT5a. These data show the necessity of the exhaustive and detailed study of the intracellular signaling induced by FLT3 and its oncogenic mutants, to identify new therapeutic targets. We have overexpressed wild-type and ITD mutant forms of FLT3 in the murine myeloid progenitors cell line FDCP-1/Fms. This model proved it-self representative of the in vivo processes described in the literature in terms of survival, proliferation and monocytic differentiation. Consequently, we have used it for a proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed and/or phosphorylated proteins depending on FLT3 status. Using RAN interference and overexpression of these identified candidate proteins, we have demonstrated the functional involvement of several of them in FLT3 signaling, including Hcls1, Ezrin, and PAK1, which all regulate the cytoskeleton

Cette thèse contribue au contrôle de la myopie dans les systèmes flexibles de production (SFP). La myopie apparaît lorsque des entités décisionnelles prennent des décisions locales à partir d’une quantité d’information limitée. Cette prise de décision permet de réagir rapidement aux aléas mais induit une performance globale non optimale. Ainsi, ce phénomène doit être contrôlé afin d’obtenir des architectures de pilotage plus performantes. Après une étude du phénomène de myopie dans d’autres domaines, nous définissons la myopie dans les SFP. Un état de l’art sur les différents types d’architectures permet de retenir les architectures de pilotage hybride mixant hiérarchie et hétérarchie pour contrôler la myopie. Une typologie des architectures de pilotage hybride est ensuite réalisée avant qu’une nouvelle architecture ne soit proposée : ORCA. Après avoir été présentée, ORCA est déclinée au pilotage des SFP (ORCA-FMS). ORCA-FMS combine deux approches: un modèle linéaire (ILP) et une approche par champs de potentiel. ORCA-FMS est ensuite appliquée au cas d’étude de la cellule flexible de l’AIP PRIMECA de Valenciennes. Premièrement un modèle de simulation, le plus proche possible du cas d’étude réel est présenté. Il permet d’éprouver l’architecture dans l’environnement de simulation NetLogo. Deuxièmement, afin de valider la pertinence des comportements observés en simulation, l’architecture est mise en œuvre sur la cellule réelle à l’aide du concept de produit actif. Les équipements industriels utilisés pour cette mise en œuvre, le protocole expérimental, ainsi que les résultats obtenus sont détaillés et discutés. / This thesis deals with the control of myopia in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). Myopia arises when decisional entities take local decisions using limited amount of information. This decision making targets a fast reactivity under perturbations but compromises the overall performance. Thus this phenomenon should be controlled to obtain more efficient control architectures. After a presenting the related literature in myopia in other domains, myopic behavior in FMS is defined. An analysis of state-of-the-art regarding different types of control architectures determined that hybrid control architectures, mixing hierarchy and heterarchy, are the best option to control myopia. Therefore, a thorough study on hybrid control architectures is presented. Afterwards, a new architecture is proposed: ORCA. ORCA first described and then applied to FMS control (ORCA-FMS). ORCA-FMS combines two approaches: a linear model (ILP) and a potential fields approach. ORCA-FMS is then applied to the case study of the flexible cell of Valenciennes’ AIP PRIMECA. First, a simulation model, as close as possible to the real case study is presented. It allows testing the architecture in the simulation environment NetLogo. Then, to validate the behaviors observed in simulation, the architecture is implemented on the real cell using the active product concept. The industrial equipment used for the implementation, the experimental protocol and the results are detailed and discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEGRM.pdf: 5921557 bytes, checksum: 89005165cd9d839d8283e0713abe1fb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Petri Net based Search has been shown as a promising way to solve Flexible manufacturing Systems (FMS) Scheduling Problem. However, the response time is critical since it s a system with high computational complexity. Focusing the reduction of response time, this work proposes a heuristic for Petri Net based Search to solve FMS Scheduling problem of makespan minimization. Experiments showed improvements on response time reduction comparing with prior works / Abordagens de Busca baseadas em Rede de Petri (PN) têm sido mostradas como uma forma promissora de resolver o problema da Programação da Produção de Sistemas Flexíveis de Manufatura (FMS). Entretanto, o tempo de resposta é crítico, uma vez que se trata de um sistema de alta complexidade computacional. Focando a redução do tempo de resposta do sistema, este trabalho propõe uma heurística para busca baseada em Rede de Petri para resolver o problema de programação de FMS na minimização do makespan. Experimentos mostraram um avanço na melhoria do tempo de resposta em relação a trabalhos anteriores

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3569.pdf: 2552721 bytes, checksum: b67cadf34336e157d59bd554dfc7534e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-29 / An Automated Manufacturing System (AMS) is a production system where a discrete number of raws is processed and assembled by controlled machines and/or robots. Controlling AMS is a complex task, due to the several sub-systems that compose it and the need for attending strategic production issues and market. The AMS control complexity increases with the necessity of production and technologic resources. The studies related to AMS control normally consider specific features of the system. Some authors propose solutions considering architecture, some others consider approaches by modular nets, others consider mathematic analysis; and so, each study has its contribution in a specific point. This work considers a wider set of features related to the problem of modeling AMS control. It is presented different options of architecture, different ways to concern hierarchically about the problem, the use of Petri Nets as a way to represent graphically the problem conserving the mathematic formalisms, simulation, and the use of a graphic software that treat all the options before. The proposal of this work is indicate a modeling method for AMS control that considers all features related to its control. This method proposes eight elaboration stages of the model. The stands consider the elements in a specification level more generic and, gradually, they are more detailed. In some stands, simulations are applied with the objective of validate what has been modeled. The work ends with the application of the method to a hypothetic FMS. It is considered a production planning for five types of products in determined quantities. The method application is considered effective, since trough the simulation of the model, it can be verified that all the products are produced according to the production plan proposed and that eventual deadlocks and conflicts can be avoided. / Um sistema automático de manufatura (AMS) é um sistema de produção onde um número discreto de matérias-primas é processado e montado por máquinas controladas e/ou robôs. Fazer o controle de um AMS é uma tarefa complexa pela existência de vários subsistemas e elementos que o compõem, e também pela necessidade de responder a questões estratégicas de produção e mercado. A complexidade de controle de AMS aumenta com as necessidades de produção e recursos tecnológicos. Os trabalhos relativos a controle de AMS normalmente consideram características específicas do sistema. Alguns autores propõem soluções considerando a arquitetura, outros consideram abordagens por redes modulares, alguns consideram análise matemática; e assim, cada trabalho faz sua contribuição em um ponto mais especifico. Este trabalho busca considerar um conjunto mais abrangente de características inerentes ao problema de modelagem de controle de AMS. Nele são apresentadas várias abordagens inerentes às diversas características encontradas em um AMS. São mostradas diferentes opções de arquiteturas, formas diferentes de abordar hierarquicamente o problema, o uso de redes de Petri como forma de representar graficamente o problema conservando o formalismo matemático, simulação, e o uso de um software gráfico que contemple todas as opções anteriores. A proposta do trabalho é indicar um método de modelagem de AMS que considere as características inerentes ao seu controle. Este método propõe oito etapas de elaboração do modelo. As etapas consideram os elementos em um nível de especificação mais genérico e que, gradualmente, vão sendo mais detalhados. Em algumas etapas são feitas simulações no intuito de validar o que já tenha sido modelado. O trabalho chega ao fim com a aplicação do método de modelagem sobre um FMS hipotético. É considerado um planejamento da produção para cinco tipos de produtos em quantidades determinadas. A aplicação do método se mostra eficaz uma vez que, através da simulação do modelo, pode-se verificar que todos os produtos são fabricados conforme o plano de produção proposto e que eventuais deadlocks e conflitos podem ser evitados.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and productive potential of crambe, being conducted two experiments where the first was tested the viability of crambe seeds stored in different environments and packages aimed at their preservation during storage. The second evaluated the agronomic performance of crambe, through productivity in bulk and oil in different combinations of fertilizers and spacings. The experimental design used in the first experiment was completely randomized in split plot scheme, with four replications, with the share storage environments (natural, cold and freezer chamber), the subplots packaging (paper, black polyethylene, transparent polyethylene and pet bottle) and the subsubplots storage periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). Every two months the seeds were submitted to the determination of water content and germination, germination speed index, accelerated aging, emergency speed index and electrical conductivity. Not recommended the use of paper as packaging of the seeds in natural environment for long periods of storage. When storing the seeds in plastic bottles during the storage period, it is recommended to use the freezer, since the rates of germination rate and germination rate is maintained for a longer period of storage. The electrical conductivity increases linearly during the storage period, there may be a compromise in the quality of seeds, and the polyethylene packaging more efficient for packaging seeds, to reduce the damage that variable. The polyethylenes were presented as the most efficient packaging for packaging crambe seed, especially in black color and when using the cold chamber as the storage environment. In the second experiment, the experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial design with four replications. The factors studied were four row spacings (15, 20, 25, 30 cm) and 4 NPK combinations for fertilizers (C0 = without fertilizer; C1 = minimum; C2 = average; C3 = recommended maximum). Grain yield was evaluated (kg ha-1) and oil (L.ha-1) as well as seed oil content (%). Unfertilized maximum grain yield was 1494.58 kg ha-1, using 21.50 cm spacing, while fertilizing with maximum recommendations of NPK, productivity increased to 1938.44 kg ha-1 of grain in smaller spacing (16,40cm). With respect to oil productivity it was observed that there was no reason to use 17,37cm spacing above, since the productivity that will not exceed 427.06 L.ha-1. The maximum capacity of the seed oil yield was 26.76%, is not recommended to use values ​​above the minimum of NPK in the soil, which will lead to decrease in this revenue. The recommended spacing between lines for crambe culture is 16 cm to 17 cm, applying a minimum fertilizer NPK, as will occur higher productivity and yield of oil, while for higher grain should apply the maximum NPK in the soil. Unfertilized the crambe culture present better results if grown with spacing of 21 cm / Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial fisiolÃgico e produtivo do crambe, sendo realizados dois experimentos, onde no primeiro foi testado a viabilidade das sementes de crambe armazenadas em diferentes ambientes e embalagens, visando a sua conservaÃÃo durante o armazenamento. No segundo avaliou-se o desempenho agronÃmico do crambe, atravÃs da produtividade em massa e Ãleo, em diferentes combinaÃÃes de adubaÃÃo e espaÃamentos. O delineamento experimental utilizado no primeiro experimento foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetiÃÃes, sendo a parcela os ambientes de armazenamento (natural, cÃmara fria e freezer), nas subparcelas as embalagens (papel, polietileno preto, polietileno transparente e garrafa pet) e nas subsubparcelas os perÃodos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 meses). A cada dois meses as sementes foram submetidas à determinaÃÃo do teor de Ãgua e aos testes de germinaÃÃo, Ãndice de velocidade de germinaÃÃo, envelhecimento acelerado, Ãndice de velocidade de emergÃncia e condutividade elÃtrica. NÃo se recomenda a utilizaÃÃo de papel como embalagem das sementes em ambiente natural, por longos perÃodos de armazenamento. Ao se armazenar as sementes em garrafas de polietileno ao longo do perÃodo de armazenamento, recomenda-se utilizar a cÃmara fria, jà que os Ãndices de velocidade de germinaÃÃo e taxa de germinaÃÃo sÃo mantidos por um perÃodo maior de armazenamento. A condutividade elÃtrica aumenta linearmente no decorrer do perÃodo de armazenamento, podendo haver um comprometimento na qualidade das sementes, sendo as embalagens de polietilenos as mais eficientes para o acondicionamento das sementes, por reduzir o prejuÃzo nessa variÃvel. Os polietilenos se apresentaram como as embalagens mais eficientes para o acondicionamento das sementes de crambe, principalmente na coloraÃÃo preta e quando se utiliza a cÃmara fria como ambiente de armazenamento. No segundo experimento, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x4 com 4 repetiÃÃes. Os fatores estudados foram 4 espaÃamentos entre linhas (15; 20; 25; 30 cm) e 4 combinaÃÃes de NPK para adubaÃÃo (C0 = sem adubaÃÃo; C1= mÃnimos; C2= mÃdios; C3= mÃximos recomendados). Foram avaliadas as produtividades de grÃos (kg.ha-1) e Ãleo (L.ha-1), bem como teor de Ãleo das sementes (%). Sem adubaÃÃo a produtividade mÃxima de grÃos foi de 1.494,58 kg.ha-1, utilizando 21,50 cm de espaÃamento, enquanto adubando com as recomendaÃÃes mÃximas de NPK, a produtividade aumentou para 1.938,44 kg.ha-1 de grÃos em menor espaÃamento (16,40cm). Com relaÃÃo à produtividade do Ãleo observou-se que nÃo se justifica utilizar espaÃamento acima de 17,37cm, jà que a referida produtividade nÃo irà ultrapassar 427,06 L.ha-1. A capacidade mÃxima de rendimento de Ãleo nas sementes foi de 26,76%, nÃo sendo recomendado utilizar valores acima do mÃnimo de NPK no solo, o que acarretarà diminuiÃÃo nesse rendimento. O espaÃamento recomendado entre linhas para a cultura do crambe à de 16 cm a 17 cm, aplicando-se uma adubaÃÃo mÃnima de NPK, jà que ocorrerÃo maior produtividade e rendimento de Ãleo, enquanto para a maior produtividade de grÃos deve-se aplicar o mÃximo de NPK no solo. Sem adubaÃÃo a cultura do crambe apresentarà melhores resultados se cultivada com espaÃamento entre linhas de 21 cm