The biological activities of some homeosterically related analogs of dihydrofolic acid have been examined involving pyrimido[4,5-b][l,4]oxazine (8-oxapteridine) derivatives. It is anticipated that these compounds might interfere with the essential intermediary metabolic functions of the vitamin and thus serve as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Preliminary toxicity studies in microbial assay systems were disappointing; however, inhibitory effects were demonstrated in cell free enzyme systems. A comparison of the structure/activity relationships was determined using two folic acid coenzyme systems, dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. The 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(substituted)-8-oxapteridines were generally more effective inhibitors than the corresponding 2,4-diamino analogs. The relative biological activity of a series of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-ω-phenylalkyl derivatives were examined, and the most active derivative was the 6-phenylethyl analog which appears to function as a mixed-type inhibitor involving partially competitive and partially non-competitive inhibition.

Anticancer therapeutics are often limited to suboptimal doses due to their lack of selectivity for tumor cells and resultant damage to healthy tissue. These limitations motivated researchers to develop tumor-specific delivery systems for improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced unintended cytotoxicity. Polyamidoamine dendrimers offer an ideal platform for designing targeted therapeutics with tunable characteristics that optimize pharmacokinetic behavior and targeting specificity. Ligand conjugation to dendrimer provides the biochemical interaction necessary to activate tumor-specific receptors for receptor-mediated endocytosis and effective internalization of polyplexes. Tumor-specific receptors overexpressed in carcinomas, like folate receptor-alpha (FOLRα), are targeted by ligand-conjugated dendrimer to allow enhanced internalization of dendrimer and its therapeutic cargo. We examined the cellular trafficking dynamics and potential of folate-conjugated dendrimer for nucleic acid delivery in vitro. Results show folate-conjugation to G4 PAMAM dendrimer (G4FA) confers enhanced uptake in FOLRα-positive tumor cells. Cells internalize G4FA in a receptor-dependent manner with specificity for FOLRα-positive tumor cells.

Folic acid is an essential vitamin utilized in the one-carbon metabolism pathway for the synthesis of purine and thymidine nucleotides, which are necessary for cell growth and proliferation. As a result, the enzymes that participate in the metabolism of folic acid have been good targets for cancer chemotherapy. Folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS) is an enzyme in the folate metabolism pathway that catalyzes the addition of glutamic acid to the naturally occurring folates, thereby allowing the retention of folate cofactors in cells. Similarly, in the case of cancer chemotherapy, antifolates, such as Lometrexol and Tomudex are retained in cells through the activity of FPGS. Consequently, any single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exist in the fpgs gene may decrease or increase the cytotoxicity of antifolates and, ultimately, the clinical response rate to antifolate therapy. The goal of this project is to define the position and frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mRNA made from the fpgs gene from peripheral blood of one hundred normal individuals. Six Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify the gene as three overlapping pieces and four primers were designed for sequencing of the three PCR products. In this study, we found polymorphic sites at nucleotides 64, 123, 253, 423, 1334 and 1781. The majority of the samples (49/88) expressed rnRNA with point mutations on at least one allele at base 64, while 8 samples had a SNP at base 123. At nucleotide 123, 6 samples expressed the heterozygote GIA genotype, and one sample expressed the homozygote A/A allele at this site. At nucleotide 423, two samples expressed a G allele and also the common C allele. While the SNPs at nucleotide 64, 123, and 423 caused a silent or conservative mutation in the gene, in sample 82, a mutation C253T produced an amino acid change from an arginine to tryptophan, which may cause a functional change in the fpgs protein, due to the significant change in size and charge of the wild type amino acid. Similarly, sample 26 expessed a homozygote T/T allele at nucleotide 1334 instead of the common C/C allele expressed in the remaining samples. This point mutation caused a valine to alanine amino acid change. We also detected a SNP that is expressed after the stop codon in sample 40.

Orofacial anomalies make up about a third of the 120,000 birth defects each year in the United States. Children born with these abnormalities must undergo immense physical and emotional strain in order to correct the defects. In fact, about $697 million is spent every year surgically treating children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (2011). In countries where surgery is not an option, this abnormality causes immense difficulties in eating, hearing, speech, and psychosocial development. The causes of cleft lip/palate are extremely complex. Genetics play a role in the anomaly; however, 95% of cleft palate cases are non-syndromic and likely due to other factors. Vitamin deficiencies, lack of folic acid intake during pregnancy, exposure to cigarette smoke, anticonvulsant drugs, alcohol, and inappropriate amounts of retinoic acid have all been correlated to incidence of cleft palate and other orofacial defects (Weingartner, Lotz et al. 2007). Xenopus laevis, and the closely related Xenopus tropicalis, are excellent model systems for orofacial development studies. The ease of embryo collection and manipulation, in addition to the conservation of DNA sequence between the two species, makes them ideal for studying developmental processes. Further, tissue specific experiments are extremely feasible due to the size of Xenopus oocytes (approximately 1000 times larger than a human egg!), and their ability to develop outside of the mother (Lindeman, Winata et al. 2010; Liu 2011). Here, I show that molecules from both the folic acid and retinoic acid pathways are highly expressed in the developing face. I have found that inhibition of key enzymes that regulate these pathways induces similar orofacial malformations, including median clefts that extend into the developing palate. Further, disruption of these pathways induces severe abnormalities in the formation of the cartilages of the jaws and face. Thus, both folic acid and retinoic acid are key signaling molecules that regulate proper formation of the orofacial region.

O carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) é a 3ª causa de morte por neoplasias no mundo, sendo também o 5º tipo de neoplasia mais frequente. Seu tratamento limitado juntamente com o mau prognóstico tornam importante a adoção de medidas preventivas. A prevenção das etapas iniciais da hepatocarcinogênese pela administração de compostos bioativos de alimentos (CBAs) atualmente vem sendo observada em diversos estudos. Sugere-se que o processo de carcinogênese envolva alterações genéticas e epigenéticas, como a hipometilação do DNA e a desacetilação de histonas. Nesse sentido, o tratamento com ácido fólico (AF), precursor indireto de grupamento metil, e tributirina (TB), inibidora de enzimas desacetilases de histonas, quando em associação, poderia agir em adição potencializando os efeitos quimiopreventivos dos mesmos comparados às suas ações isoladas. A eventual atividade quimiopreventiva da TB (100mg/100g de peso corpóreo), do AF (0,08mg/100g de peso corpóreo), ambos com a metade da dose utilizada na literatura, e da associação entre os mesmos (AS) foi analisada durante a etapa de promoção da hepatocarcinogênese em ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo do hepatócito resistente (HR). Para avaliação de GST-P, da proliferação celular, da apoptose, bem como a localização da histona H3K9 foi utilizada a técnica de imunohistoquímica; para a quantificação de H3K9, western blot. Em relação à análise macroscópica, os grupos tratados apresentaram menor número de nódulos em relação a MD (sem significância estatística), além de menor porcentagem de LPN menores do que 1mm nos grupos TB e AS. Na análise microscópica foi observado que os grupos TB, AF e AS apresentaram menor número de lesões pré neoplásicas persistentes (pLPN) em relação ao grupo controle isocalórico (MD, maltodextrina), assim como menor porcentagem de área ocupada por pLPN e por lesões em remodelação (rLPN). Quanto a proliferação celular, os grupos AF e AS apresentaram menor número de núcleos em fase S/mm2 quando comparados aos grupos MD e TB. Em relação à apoptose, os grupos TB e AS apresentaram maior número de hepatócitos em apoptose e corpúsculos apoptóticos/mm2 quando comparados aos grupos MD e AF. No resultado da metilação global do DNA não houve diferença entre os grupos. Em adição, os grupos AF e AS apresentaram maiores concentrações séricas de folato; o mesmo não ocorrendo para B12. No que diz respeito à acetilação de H3K9, os grupos TB e AS apresentaram maior porcentagem de acetilação quando comparados aos grupos N, MD e AF. Em conclusão, os grupos tratados com TB, AF e a associação entre eles apresentaram quimioprevenção pronunciada, sendo que o grupo AS apresentou mecanismos aditivos dos tratamentos isolados. / The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death by cancer in the world, and the fifth most frequent type of neoplasm. Its limited treatment along with poor prognosis make it important to adopt preventive measures. The prevention of the initial stages of hepatocarcinogenesis by the administration of bioactive food compounds (BFCs) is currently being observed in several studies. It is suggested that the process of carcinogenesis involves genetic and epigenetic modifications, such as DNA hypomethylation and deacetylation of histones. Accordingly, treatment with folic acid (FA), indirect precursor of methyl grouping, and tributyrin (TB), a histone deacetylases inhibiting enzyme, when associated could act in addition to enhance the chemopreventive effects compared to their isolated actions. The possible chemopreventive activity of TB (100mg/100g body weight), FA (0.08 mg/100 g body weight) and the association between them (AS) were studied during the promotion stage of hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats submitted to resistant hepatocyte model (RH).For evaluation of GST-P, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the location of histone H3K9 was used immunohistochemistry, to quantify H3K9, western blot. Regarding the macroscopic analysis, the treated groups showed a lower number of nodules compared to MD (not statistically significant), and a lower percentage smaller than 1mm in groups TB and AS. Under microscopic examination the groups TB, FA and AS showed a lower number of persistent pre-neoplastic lesions (pLPN) compared to the isocaloric control group (MD, maltodextrin), as well as a lower percentage of the area occupied by pLPN and remodeling lesions (rLPN). As cell proliferation, FA and AS groups had fewer S phase nuclei/mm2 compared to MD and TB groups. Regarding apoptosis, TB and AS groups showed higher numbers of hepatocytes in apoptosis and apoptotic corpuscles/mm2 compared to MD and FA groups. Global DNA methylation did not differ between groups. In addition, AF and AS groups had higher serum concentrations of folate, which did not occur for B12.Concerning the H3K9 acetylation, the groups TB and AS showed higher percentage of acetylation when compared with the groups N, MD and FA. In conclusion, the groups treated with TB, FA and the association of both showed pronounced chemoprevention, and the AS group showed additive mechanisms compared with isolated treatments.

Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de inadequação da ingestão de folato alimentar, assim como analisar esta prevalência considerando o ácido fólico proveniente da fortificação de alimentos em gestantes adultas. Casuística e métodos: Estudo observacional, com análise secundária de dados provenientes de um estudo prospectivo conduzido entre 103 gestantes usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foram incluídas no presente estudo todas as gestantes que apresentaram dados completos referentes ao consumo alimentar ao longo da gestação, totalizando 82 mulheres. Os dados dietéticos foram obtidos por meio de três inquéritos recordatórios de 24 horas (IR24H), durante a gravidez. A distribuição da ingestão habitual do folato alimentar e folato dietético, que corresponde ao folato alimentar adicionado ao ácido fólico proveniente da fortificação dos alimentos, foi ajustada pelo método do National Research Council (1986). Para estimar a prevalência de inadequação do nutriente empregou-se o método do requerimento médio estimado - Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) como ponto de corte. Resultados: Verificou-se que 100% das gestantes avaliadas não atingiram as recomendações nutricionais estabelecidas para o nutriente (EAR = 520 g DFE), quando foi considerado somente o folato alimentar. Ao analisar a ingestão do folato dietético, a prevalência de inadequação observada foi de 94%. Conclusão: As prevalências de inadequação da ingestão de folato alimentar, assim como a do folato dietético mostraram-se elevadas, identificando-se que a fortificação das farinhas com ácido fólico não repercutiu em melhoria da disponibilidade desta vitamina. / Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of inadequacy intake of food folate as well as analyze this prevalence considering the folic acid from flour fortification in pregnant woman. Methods: Observational study, with secondary analysis of data from a prospective study conducted among 103 pregnant women users of the Basic Health Units (BHU) of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Were included in this study all women who had complete data on the dietary intake during pregnancy, on total 82 women. Dietary data were obtained using three 24-hour dietary recalls (IR24H) during pregnancy. The distribution of the usual dietary intake of food folate and dietary folate, which corresponds to food folate added to the folic acid from the flour fortification, has been adjusted by the method of the National Research Council (1986). To estimate the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy employed the method of the estimated average requirement - Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as the cutoff point. Results: It was found that 100% of pregnant women reported inadequate dietary intakes of food folate. Considering the intake of dietary folate, the prevalence of inadequacy observed was 94%. Conclusion: The prevalence of inadequacy intake of food folate, as well as the dietary folate were high, identifying the fortification of flour with folic acid did had little impact in improving the availability of this vitamin.

Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de inadequação da ingestão de folato alimentar, assim como analisar esta prevalência considerando o ácido fólico proveniente da fortificação de alimentos em gestantes adultas. Casuística e métodos: Estudo observacional, com análise secundária de dados provenientes de um estudo prospectivo conduzido entre 103 gestantes usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foram incluídas no presente estudo todas as gestantes que apresentaram dados completos referentes ao consumo alimentar ao longo da gestação, totalizando 82 mulheres. Os dados dietéticos foram obtidos por meio de três inquéritos recordatórios de 24 horas (IR24H), durante a gravidez. A distribuição da ingestão habitual do folato alimentar e folato dietético, que corresponde ao folato alimentar adicionado ao ácido fólico proveniente da fortificação dos alimentos, foi ajustada pelo método do National Research Council (1986). Para estimar a prevalência de inadequação do nutriente empregou-se o método do requerimento médio estimado - Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) como ponto de corte. Resultados: Verificou-se que 100% das gestantes avaliadas não atingiram as recomendações nutricionais estabelecidas para o nutriente (EAR = 520 g DFE), quando foi considerado somente o folato alimentar. Ao analisar a ingestão do folato dietético, a prevalência de inadequação observada foi de 94%. Conclusão: As prevalências de inadequação da ingestão de folato alimentar, assim como a do folato dietético mostraram-se elevadas, identificando-se que a fortificação das farinhas com ácido fólico não repercutiu em melhoria da disponibilidade desta vitamina. / Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of inadequacy intake of food folate as well as analyze this prevalence considering the folic acid from flour fortification in pregnant woman. Methods: Observational study, with secondary analysis of data from a prospective study conducted among 103 pregnant women users of the Basic Health Units (BHU) of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Were included in this study all women who had complete data on the dietary intake during pregnancy, on total 82 women. Dietary data were obtained using three 24-hour dietary recalls (IR24H) during pregnancy. The distribution of the usual dietary intake of food folate and dietary folate, which corresponds to food folate added to the folic acid from the flour fortification, has been adjusted by the method of the National Research Council (1986). To estimate the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy employed the method of the estimated average requirement - Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as the cutoff point. Results: It was found that 100% of pregnant women reported inadequate dietary intakes of food folate. Considering the intake of dietary folate, the prevalence of inadequacy observed was 94%. Conclusion: The prevalence of inadequacy intake of food folate, as well as the dietary folate were high, identifying the fortification of flour with folic acid did had little impact in improving the availability of this vitamin.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2018-02-06T18:02:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analiceandreolidasilva_dissert.pdf: 2107238 bytes, checksum: 4f05811d9d83884b9b7412042055b250 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T18:02:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analiceandreolidasilva_dissert.pdf: 2107238 bytes, checksum: 4f05811d9d83884b9b7412042055b250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition characterized by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21. In most cases, the extra chromosome 21 is of maternal origin due to errors in chromosomal segregation during meiosis. Advanced maternal age at conception is the main risk factor for DS. However, studies suggest that alterations in genes involved in folate metabolism, such as MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate redutase), may increase the risk for DS regardless maternal age, due to DNA hypomethylation and, consequently, abnormal chromosomal segregation. MTHFR expression is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), and polymorphisms in miRNAs may also modify this metabolism with consequences on chromosome disjunction. Objective: To assess whether the presence of MTHFR rs4846048 and rs4846049 and precursor hsa-mir-149rs2292832 polymorphisms is associated with maternal risk for the occurrence of offspring with DS. Casuistic and Methods: In the present study, 167 mothers of individuals with free trisomy 21, and 296 women without previous history of abortion, mothers of individuals without syndrome and without malformation were examined. Polymorphisms were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays (AppliedBiosystems®) commercial assays. Multiple logistic regression analyzes were performed for the polymorphisms in the dominant and recessive models using the Minitab v. 16.0 program. Genotypic combination analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test in the dominant model. Analysis of the haplotypes of the MTHFR polymorphisms rs4846048 and rs4846049 was performed using the Haploview v. 5.0 program. Maternal age equal or greater than to 35 years old as a risk factor for DS was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: Maternal age equal to 35 years old or greater was considered a risk factor for offspring with DS (P <0.0001; OR = 9.38; 95% CI = 5.70-15.45). The maternal polymorphisms rs4846048 and rs4846049 of the MTHFR gene were not associated with the occurrence of offspring with DS, regardless of maternal age. Analyzes of combined genotypes of the MTHFR rs4846048, MTHFR rs4846049 and hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 polymorphisms, as well as the MTHFR gene haplotypes, also showed no association with maternal risk for DS. An increased risk for the occurrence of offspring with DS was observed for women under 35 years old at the time of conception and carriers of the TT genotype of hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 polymorphism (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.06 - 3.83). Conclusion: There is no evidence of association between maternal polymorphisms MTHFR rs4846049 and rs4846048 and risk for the occurrence of SD offspring. However, an increased maternal risk for DS is observed in women with maternal age under 35 years old and carriers of the TT genotype of the hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 polymorphism. / Introdução: A síndrome de Down (SD) é uma condição genética caracterizada pela presença de três cópias do cromossomo 21. Na maioria dos casos, o cromossomo 21 extra é de origem materna e é originado devido a erros na segregação cromossômica durante a meiose. A idade materna avançada no momento da concepção representa o principal fator de risco para SD. Entretanto, estudos sugerem que alterações em genes envolvidos no metabolismo do folato, como o MTHFR (Metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase), podem aumentar o risco materno para prole com SD, independente da idade, por resultarem em hipometilação do DNA e, consequentemente, em segregação cromossômica anormal. A expressão de MTHFR é mediada por microRNAs (miRNAs), assim polimorfismos em miRNAs também podem alterar esse metabolismo com consequências na disjunção cromossômica. Objetivo: Avaliar se a presença dos polimorfismos do gene MTHFR rs4846048 e rs4846049 e do pré-miRNA hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 está associada com o risco materno para a ocorrência de prole com SD. Casuística e métodos: Foram avaliadas 167 mães de indivíduos com trissomia livre do cromossomo 21 e 296 mulheres sem história de aborto prévio, mães de indivíduos sem a síndrome e sem malformação. Os polimorfismos foram avaliados pela técnica de discriminação alélica por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real utilizando-se os ensaios comerciais TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays (AppliedBiosystems®). As análises de regressão logística múltipla foram realizadas para os polimorfismos nos modelos dominante e recessivo utilizando o programa Minitab v. 16.0. A análise de combinação genotípica foi realizada utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, no modelo dominante. A análise dos haplótipos dos polimorfismos MTHFR rs4846048 e rs4846049 foi realizada utilizando o programa Haploview v. 5.0. A idade materna maior ou igual a 35 anos como fator de risco para a SD foi analisada por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados: A idade materna igual ou maior que 35 anos foi considerada um fator de risco para prole com SD (P<0,0001; OR=9,38; IC 95%=5,70-15,45). Os polimorfismos rs4846048 e rs4846049 do gene MTHFR não foram associados com a ocorrência de prole com SD, independente da idade materna. As análises de genótipos combinados dos polimorfismos MTHFR rs4846048, MTHFR rs4846049 e hsa-mir-149 rs2292832, bem como dos haplótipos do gene MTHFR, também não evidenciaram associação com risco materno para SD. Um risco aumentado para a ocorrência de prole com SD foi observado para mulheres com idade abaixo de 35 anos no momento da concepção, portadoras do genótipo TT do polimorfismo hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 (OR = 2,02; IC 95% = 1,06 - 3,83). Conclusão: Na casuística avaliada não há evidências de associação entre os polimorfismos maternos MTHFR rs4846049 e rs4846048 e risco para a ocorrência de prole SD. Entretanto, um risco materno aumentado para SD é observado em mulheres com idade materna abaixo de 35 anos portadoras do genótipo materno TT do polimorfismo hsa-mir-149 rs2292832.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_act_dr_arafcf.pdf: 3608519 bytes, checksum: cc6e20fc86bc9c4dec40ac5481a2499f (MD5) / Fmrp-Usp / A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é caracterizada pela perda lenta, progressiva e irreversível da função renal. A DRC pode levar o organismo a desenvolver outras doenças, como a desnutrição e dislipidemias com risco elevado para as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A homocisteína é um aminoácido sulfurado não formador de proteína, produzido pelo organismo através do metabolismo da metionina, proveniente tanto de fontes dietéticas quanto de catabolismo protéico endógeno nas vias de desmetilação e de transulfuração. O folato é essencial para a via metabólica de remetilação. A suplementação de ácido fólico reduz os riscos de doenças vasculares, por redução da homocisteína. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar os efeitos da suplementação de ácido fólico nas concentrações de homocisteína plasmática em pacientes portadores de DRC em tratamento conservador e em hemodiálise. Foram sujeitos deste experimento 27 pacientes portadores em tratamento conservador (DRC-C), sendo 44,44% do sexo masculino e 55,56% do sexo feminino e 24 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise (DRC-H), sendo 16 (66,67%) do sexo masculino e 8 (33,33%) do sexo feminino. Os pacientes foram pesados e medidos para a avaliação de IMC. A circunferência de braço (CB) e a prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), foram usadas para avaliação da massa magra e massa adiposa junto com a circunferência da cintura (CC). Todos os pacientes receberam 5 mg de ácido fólico via oral. Para a avaliação dos efeitos da suplementação de ácido fólico ao longo do tempo, foram feitos exames bioquímicos em três momentos distintos: 1º (1 = sem suplementação); 2º (2 = após três meses de suplementação) e 3º (3 = após seis meses de suplementação). A albumina foi avaliada por método calorimétrico, perfil lipídico por método enzimático, homocisteína por imunofluorecência polarizada e PCR por... / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by loss slow, progressive and irreversible renal function. CKD can lead the body to develop other diseases such as malnutrition and dyslipidemia at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid not forming protein produced by the body through metabolism of methionine, from both dietary sources and endogenous protein catabolism in demethylation and pathways of transsulfuration. Folate is essential for the metabolic pathway of remethylation. The folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of vascular disease by reducing homocysteine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine concentrations in patients with CKD on hemodialysis and conservative treatment. 27 patients, patients receiving conservative treatment (CKD-C) were subjected to this experiment, male 44.44% and 55.56% female and 24 patients on hemodialysis (CRF-H), 16 (66.67%) were male and 08 (33.33%) were female. The patients were weighed and measured to assess BMI. The arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), were used to assess lean body mass along with fat mass and waist circumference (WC). All patients received 5 mg oral folic acid. To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation over time were performed biochemical tests at three different times: 1º (1 = no supplement), 2º (2 = after three months of supplementation) and 3 º(after six months supplementation) . Albumin was measured by calorimetric method, lipid by an enzymatic method for homocysteine by PCR and immunofluorescence were polarized absorbance. In relation to BMI 44.44% of patients DRC-C are eutrophic. Patients DRC-H 54.17% had normal weight. The diagnosis of normality and CMB to PCT was 55.56% and 48.15% respectively. DRC-H group in 58.33% had values above the waist fitting, since the patients ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)