To meet global challenges in food provision and to counteract environmental issues derivingfrom the food system, improved governance is necessary. Resilience is presented as a tool formanaging ecosystem services and for understanding what is required to achieve food security.In Sweden there is a national food strategy describing the continued development needed formeeting challenges in the food system. Several regional food strategies have been producedand an additional food strategy for Stockholm County is in the process of being developed byStockholm County Administrative Board. This food strategy could be of especial interest toevaluate due to Stockholm County being highly populated while having a low degree ofprimary food production. Assessing the governance system for the food strategy was ofinterests due to the large groups of stakeholders to consider in the process. The aim of thestudy was to add further knowledge on how resilience can be applied in practice by exploringthe extent of which the governance system for developing the food strategy promotesresilience. The research questions were formulated to investigate the governance system bymapping what stakeholders were involved in the process, what their responsibilities were andwhat relations existed between them. An additional research question was to test how thegovernance system promoted resilience by applying a set of principles for doing so. For collecting data, several stakeholders involved in developing the food strategy at the timeof the data collection were interviewed. Complementary data was also collected from journalarticles, books, documents provided by Stockholm County Administrative Board, websites,governmental publications and different kinds of reports. Quotes were selected to explain thefindings from the interviews, and a social network analysis was constructed to illustrate thestructure of the governance system. Another tool in the data analysis, which was also thepoint of the departure for constructing the research questions, was the resilience frameworkconsisting of a set of principles. Among these principles, five where applied for evaluating thegovernance system of the food strategy. The results were divided in two parts. The first section presents the results from performinginterviews by describing the governance system; identified stakeholders, their functions aswell as their relations. Two other themes identified from the interviews that were concludedto be important for the resulting governance system and also for the resilience evaluation were“collaboration” and “context”. Several stakeholders were identified, a few were concluded tobe more key than others as they belong to either the management group or the draftingcommittee. The stakeholders had national, regional and local responsibilities and were bothgovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The functions of the stakeholders werefor example to represent a certain part of the food system or contributing with national,regional or local knowledge about the food system. The relations among stakeholders in thegovernance system occurred between stakeholders working within the same geographicalscales and also between national, regional and local scales. In the center of the governancestructure were the management group that are to jointly decide on goals for the final strategydocument. The second part of the results constitutes the resilience evaluation, which was accomplishedby testing the results regarding the governance system (from part I) against the framework forresilience using the selected principles. These principles included maintain diversity andredundancy, manage connectivity, encourage learning, broaden participation and promotepolycentric governance. It was concluded that the governance system did follow all of theseprinciples in several aspects, but critical points were also identified. Among the positive  aspect were the positive attitude for learning among stakeholders in the governance system,the involvement of heterogenous groups interacting with one another and also themanagement group as a strong centre for decision-making. One of the main critical pointsidentified from performing the resilience evaluation suggests a few stakeholders to be lackingin the present governance system. The governance system for the food strategy had a large group of stakeholders, representingdifferent parts of the food system, including national/regional/local and governmental/nongovernmentalorganizations, interacting both within and across geographical scales. Theseaspects are important for promoting resilience according to the principles selected in thisstudy. By adding the suggested stakeholders, for example a few representatives from differentparts of the food system that was not involved in the process at the time of data collection, thegovernance system could promote resilience even more. / För att bemöta de globala problemen inom matförsörjning och miljöförstörelse som vi idagstår inför behövs styrningssystem som lämpar sig för detta. Resiliens är ett koncept som ärnära besläktat med hantering av ekosystemtjänster och som även kan bidra till ökad förståelseför vad som krävs för att uppnå en säker matförsörjning. I Sverige finns en nationelllivsmedelsstrategi som pekar ut en generell riktning för att hantera problemen inomlivsmedelssystemet. Det har även tagits fram flera regionala strategier i Sverige, ytterligare enstrategi tas nu fram av Länsstyrelsen i Stockholm. Denna strategi kommer att omfattaStockholms län och kan vara av särskild betydelse att granska då detta tätbefolkade län har enlåg försörjningsgrad av livsmedel. Styrningssystemet för strategin är relevant att granska i ochmed den stora gruppen aktörer som berörs av livsmedelsstrategin. Syftet med studien var attbidra med ytterligare kunskap om hur resiliensbegreppet kan användas i praktiken genom atttillämpa detta i livsmedelsstrategin för Stockholms län för att undersöka hur välstyrningssystemet bidrar till resiliens. Frågeställningen formulerades således för att undersökastrukturen av styrningssystemet genom att besvara vilka aktörer som ingick i styrningen, vilkaderas ansvarsområden var och vilka relationer som fanns emellan dem. Den sista delfrågan ifrågeställning handlade om att testa livsmedelsstrategins styrningssystem mot olika principersom föreslås gynna resiliens. För att samla in data genomfördes flera intervjuer med aktörer som var inblandade iframtagandet av livsmedelsstrategin under den tid då datainsamlingen ägde rum. Denna datahar även kompletterats med annat material så som vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker, dokumentsom Länsstyrelsen Stockholm bistått med, hemsidor, publiceringar från myndigheter ocholika slags rapporter. Citat användes för att understödja resultaten och en nätverksanalysgjordes för att illustrera styrningssystemets struktur. En ytterligare metod som användes föratt analysera data var ett ramverk för resiliens bestående av flera principer som bistår iutformningen av styrningssystem som gynnar resiliens. Resultaten i denna rapport har delats upp i två avsnitt. Det första avsnittet presenterarresultaten från intervjuerna och visar uppbyggnaden av styrningssystemet förlivsmedelsstrategin: vilka aktörer som var inblandade, vilka ansvarsområden de hade ochvilka relationer som fanns emellan dem. Ytterligare två teman framkom från intervjuerna,dessa ansågs relevanta för att beskriva styrningssystemet och även för resiliensanalysen.Dessa teman kategoriserades som ”samarbetet” och ”kontexten”. Flera aktörer ingick istyrningssystemet, av dessa ansågs några ha mer påverkan på styrningen genom sinmedverkan antingen i styrningsgruppen eller beredningsgruppen. I styrningssystemet fannsbåde nationella, regionala och lokala aktörer, från myndigheter såväl som från andraorganisationstyper. Aktörernas ansvarområdens grundade sig huvudsakligen i vilken del avlivsmedelssystemet de representerade och om de bistod med nationella, regionala eller lokalakompetenser. Relationerna mellan de olika aktörerna skedde både mellan aktörer som verkadeinom samma geografiska skala, men även mellan nationella, regionala och lokala aktörer. Icentrum av styrningssystemet fanns styrningsgruppen som tillsammans ska besluta om måleni strategidokumentet. Den andra delen av resultaten består av en resiliensutvärdering som testar det resulterandestyrningssystemet (del I) mot ett ramverk för resiliens genom att tillämpa några utvaldaprinciper. Dessa principer var ”bibehåll diversitet och överskott”, ”hanterasammankopplingar”, ”uppmuntra lärande”, ”bredda deltagande” och ”uppmuntrapolycentriska styrningssystem”. Styrningssystemet följde dessa principer i flera avseenden,  men det fanns också utrymme för förbättring. Bland aktörerna som ingick i styrningssystemetfanns en inställning som uppmuntrade lärande i enlighet med principerna. Gruppen aktörerbestod av olika slags organisationer som interagerade med varandra, vilket också uppmuntrasav resiliensprinciperna. Utöver detta var också kärnan av styrningssystemet, bestående avstyrningsgruppen med beslutanderätt, en annan egenskap hos styrningssystemet som gynnarresiliens. Det framgick också av resiliens-utvärderingen att ytterligare inblandning av ett antalaktörer kan vara önskvärt. Detta är en av de viktigare slutsatserna om vad som kan ändras föratt förbättra resiliensen i den nuvarande styrningen. Styrningssystemet av livsmedelsstrategin består av en stor grupp aktörer som representerarolika delar av livsmedelssystemet. Dessa är nationella, regionala och lokala aktörer, bådemyndigheter och andra slags organisationer. Relationer finns också mellan aktörer som verkarbåde inom samma geografiska område likväl som över sådana gränser. Dessa egenskaper ärviktiga för ett styrningssystem som gynnar resiliens enligt de principer som har använts i denhär studien. Genom att involvera ytterligare några aktörer, exempelvis från några delar avlivsmedelssystemet som inte fanns representerade i strategin vid datainsamlingen, kanstyrningssystemet till en ännu högre grad bidra till att stödja resiliens.

In 2017 the Swedish government established a national food strategy “A National Food Strategy for Sweden -more jobs and sustainable growth throuout the country” which aims to achieve a long-termed sustainable and competitive food chain. The purpose of the strategy is to serve as a platform for which the Swedish politics is to form the food industry to the year 2030. The government urge that engagement and cooperation between participators in the food industry at local, regional and national level are necessary to make the food strategy possible to implement. The global challenges with a growing population with the need for food and climate change makes it more urgent to act faster within national frontiers. Implementing political strategies is proved to be somewhat difficult as studies shows that it is often produced isolated at different political levels with different ambitions. This study views the regional food strategies made by Jönköpings country och Örebro country through a policy analysis. The aim is to explore which implementation arenas and mechanisms the policy documents include through a theoretical lens. The result shows that implementing the policy in this case mainly plays within a Top-down arena. The outcome of the strategy depends on how well the process mechanisms are managed. The clarity of political decision, stakeholders shearing the same goals and cooperation between differen actors are important mechanisms for the implementation of the national food strategy. / Sveriges regering framtog år 2017 en nationell livsmedelsstrategi “Sverige - Fler jobb och en hållbar tillväxt i hela landet” som ska bidra till en långsiktig hållbar och konkurrenskraftig livsmedelskedja. Denna strategi ska användas som en plattform för vilken politik som utformas för livsmedelsindustrin fram till år 2030. Regeringen betonar att livsmedelsstrategin är kräver engagemang och samverkan mellan aktörer på lokal, regional och nationell nivå för att strategin ska möjliggöras. Globalt står vi inför flera utmaningar som bland annat att förse en ökande befolkningsmängd med livsmedel och stora klimatförändringar. Detta bidrar till att agera mer skyndsamt inom statliga gränser. Svårigheter att implementera politiska strategier har visats i studier genom att strategierna oftast är isolerat framtagna på olika politiska nivåer med varierade ambitioner. Denna studie undersöker regionala livsmedelsstrategier framtagna av Jönköpings läns och Örebro län genom en policyanalys. Syftet är att undersöka vilka implementeringsarenor och mekanismer som framträder genom att använda en teoretisk lins. Resultatet visar att implementeringen av policyn i detta fall främst kan kopplas till en toppstyrd arena. Utgången för strategin är beroende av på vilket sätt processmekanismerna utspelas. Tydlighet i det politiska beslutet, gemensam målsättning och samverkan mellan aktörer är bidragande för en lyckad implementering av livsmedelsstrategin.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-17T18:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasSilva.pdf: 598087 bytes, checksum: 7c5f43a60960f7c95e65f8d4fba7408a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T18:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasSilva.pdf: 598087 bytes, checksum: 7c5f43a60960f7c95e65f8d4fba7408a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / The objective of this study was to characterize the feeding system and to evaluate the nutritional status and financial efficiency of dairy cows belonging to dairy herds of the Maranhão east mesoregion, according to two periods of the year (water and dry) and two production strata L / day and Greater, ≥150 L / day). They were selected 19 Units with Milk Production (UPL) that received a visit during the period of the waters and a visit during the dry period. Data were collected by conference and samples of the ingredients supplied (quantities and prices), milk (total production, price, and milk samples). It was possible to identify that the UPL presented pasture feeding and concentrated food use in both periods of the year. There were no differences between water and dry matter for the daily availability of DM per animal (P = 0.85), total forage DM intake per day (P = 0.66) and neither with respect to live weight (P = 0, (P = 0.90) and CP consumption (P = 0.16), which allowed the absence of a difference in NDF consumption from forage (P = 0.90). Between the periods there was a difference between the price of milk traded between the UPLs, leaving the dry period with the highest value (P <0.05). The item revenue less cost with feed (RMCA) per liter of milk produced, presented better result during the dry period when compared to that obtained during the period of the waters. Feeding of the herds belonging to the UPL of the eastern Maranhão mesoregion is predominantly pasture, with food supplementation concentrated throughout the year and higher in the dry season. The higher supply of nitrogenous concentrated ingredients in the waters increased the NUL concentrations and reduced the lactose concentration. The price of milk undergoes oscillation within the year, being higher during the dry period, a fact that influenced the increase of gross income and the RMCA in this period. However, the financial assessment, considering the original production costs and the standardization of a single milk price, eliminated differences in RMCA between the periods. / Objetivou-se caracterizar o sistema de alimentação e avaliar o estado nutricional e a eficiência financeira de vacas em lactação pertencentes aos rebanhos leiteiros da mesorregião Leste maranhense, segundo dois períodos do ano (águas e seco) e dois estratos de produção (Menor, <150 L/dia e Maior, ≥150 L/dia). Foram selecioandas 19 Unidades com Produção de Leite (UPL) que receberam uma visita durante o período das águas e uma visita durante o período seco. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por conferência e amostras dos ingredientes fornecidos (quantidades e preços), leite (produção total, preço, e amostras de leite). Foi possível identificar que as UPL apresentavam utilização de alimentação a pasto e alimentos concentrados nos dois períodos do ano. Não houveram diferenças entre águas e seca para as disponibilidades de MS diária por animal (P=0,85), consumo de MS total de forragem por dia (P=0,66) e nem em relação ao peso vivo (P=0,33), o que permitiu ausência de diferença também no consumo de FDN oriunda da forragem (P=0,90) e sobre o consumo de PB (P=0,16). Entre os períodos houve diferença entre o preço de leite comercializado entre as UPL, ficando o período seco com o maior valor (P<0,05). O item receita menos custo com alimentação (RMCA) por litro de leite produzido, apresentou melhor resultado durante o período seco quando comparado ao obtido durante o período das águas. A alimentação dos rebanhos pertencentes às UPL da mesorregião Leste maranhense é predominatemente a pasto, com suplementação de alimentos concentrados durante todo o ano e em maior quantidade no período seco. A maior oferta de ingredientes concentrados nitrogenados nas aguas elevou as concentrações de NUL e reduziu a de lactose. O preço do leite sofre oscilação dentro do ano, sendo maior durante o período seco, fato que influenciou o aumento da renda bruta e do RMCA nesse período. Todavia, a avaliação financeira considerando os custos de produção originais e a padronização de um só preço do leite, eliminou diferenças na RMCA entre os períodos.

Nourrir les territoires des sociétés urbaines ?Fait alimentaire et fait urbain sont aujourd’hui au cœur d’un faisceau de tensions et de contradictions. Paradoxalement, ils n’étaient plus appréhendés et gérés conjointement. Cette thèse vise à saisir la façon dont l’alimentation peut constituer un prisme au travers duquel le territoire, pris dans le processus de métropolisation, peut être lu mais aussi pensé et géré.Une première partie s’intéresse à l’état des liens entre fait alimentaire et fait urbain dans les territoires et aux potentiels intérêts d’un croisement entre les deux systèmes qui y sont liés à l’heure d’un processus de reterritorialisation du fait alimentaire et de métropolisation du fait urbain. A travers une analyse de la rythmique des croisements successifs entre ces deux systèmes et de leurs évolutions, nous montrons comment le processus de reterritorialisation du fait alimentaire est et peut-être le support d’un monde métropolitain et d’une pensée revisitant conjointement problématiques du système alimentaire et territorial.Une deuxième partie s’attache à l’analyse du traitement des liens entre fait alimentaire et fait urbain à partir du constat d’un défaut d’appréhension du caractère vital et d’approche globale du fait alimentaire. Celui-ci n’est pas saisi comme un champ d’action en soi et est formulé partiellement et de façon éclatée. L’appréhension du fait alimentaire comme problématique publique transversale par les territoires est néanmoins en cours. En France, le prisme dominant d’appréhension est celui de l’action agricole qui évolue vers l’agri-alimentaire. A Lyon, l’arrivée du programme Urbact a permis d’engager les prémices d’une ambition stratégique métropolitaine maillant problématiques alimentaires (accessibilité, qualité, durabilité) et territoriales (gestion de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine, logistique territoriale, renouvellement urbain, tissu commercial, action sociale, gestion des espaces publics, développement touristique, développement économique, etc.). Le saisissement et la structuration d’une réflexion ou d’une action territoriale autour de l’alimentation sont caractérisés par une transaction territoriale. Un champ d’action territorial hybride émerge de la constitution d’un fil rouge et de la mise en place d’interactions entre acteurs, thématiques, échelles d’action et espaces autour du fait alimentaire.Ces éléments dégagent des perspectives pour penser la production et l’organisation des régions urbaines en devenir en révélant l’opportunité du fait alimentaire pour une approche transversale des problématiques d’aménagement, de développement, de gouvernance et éventuellement de construction métropolitaine. / Feeding the territories of urban societies?Food and cities are two subjects today at the heart of a bundle relations, tensions and contradictions. Paradoxically, they were not apprehended and managed jointly any longer. This thesis aims to understand how food can be a prism through which the territory as considered in the metropolisation process, can be read but also designed and managed.The first part considers the state of the links between food and the urbanisation process as well as the potential interests of a crossover between the two systems that are related thereto in a time of a reterritorialisation of the food supply and metropolisation of the urban phenomenon. Through an analysis of the rhythm of successive crossovers between these two systems and their evolution, we show how the food in a reterritorialisation process perhaps underpins a thought revisiting jointly the issues of the food and planning system.The second part focuses on the analysis of the treatment of the links between food and the urban system based on the fact that food is not recognised as vital and lacks a comprehensive approach. It is not seen as a field of action in itself. It is formulated partially and in a fragmented manner. The apprehension of food as a public transversal issue by the territories is nevertheless ongoing. In France, the dominant prism of apprehension is that of agricultural action that evolves towards agri-food. In Lyon, the arrival of the Urbact “Sustainable food in urban communities” program helped initiate the beginnings of a metropolitan strategic ambition combining food (accessibility, quality and sustainability) and planning (management of urban agriculture, planning logistics, urban renewal, commercial system, social action, management of public spaces, tourism development, economic development, etc.) issues. The rising awareness and structuring of a reflection or a territorial action around food are characterised by a territorial transaction. A hybrid territorial field of action is emerging from the creation of a red thread and the development of interactions between actors, themes, scales of action and spaces around food.These elements highlight perspectives to consider the production and organisation of urban areas in the making, outlining the importance of the food for a transversal approach to metropolitan planning, governance and possibly construction issues.