The aqueous geochemistry and hydrology of the North Fork of the American Fork River, its tributaries, and the ground water in the vicinity of the Pacific Mine site were investigated in order to determine what impact ground water entering the North Fork has on toxic metal loads in the river. Toxic metal contamination in the North Fork is great enough that brown and cutthroat trout have absorbed lead, cadmium, and arsenic in their tissues at concentrations that are hazardous to human health if consumed. Ground water that flows through the mine site flows directly through the mine tailings before entering the North Fork, which produces an acidic ground water plume that has high concentrations of toxic metals. Together, the surface water discharge results and toxic metals concentrations from the surface and ground waters were used to determine toxic metals loading rates in the North Fork and its tributaries. The results suggest that the dissolved toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) enter the North Fork when the river is gaining water from the ground water. However, the total toxic metal load generally decreases through the reach of river adjacent to the mine site and is significantly greater than the dissolved load. Cadmium and Mn travel as dissolved species while Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn travel as suspended solids in the North Fork and its tributaries. Arsenic seems to be associated with both the suspended solids and travel in the dissolved state. The geochemical modeling program PHREEQC and the diffuse double layer surface complexation model were used to investigate the chemistry that controls toxic metal mobility and attenuation in the surface and ground waters at the mine site. Based on PHREEQC results, the most important reaction in these waters is the precipitation of hydrous fe1Tic oxide. The toxic metals that sorb to the hydrous ferric oxide are Cu, Pb, most importantly Zn, and to a lesser degree As.

In the summer of 1986, anglers along three sections of the Logan and Blacksmith Fork Rivers, Utah were surveyed as to their attitudes toward fish stocking, habitat improvement, and wild trout management policies. Information concerning socio-demographic characteristics and ang ling values were ascertained as well. Data were cross tabulated to determine which of the variab les influence anglers' attitudes toward spec ifi c fisheries manage ment policies and the type of angling opportunity provided. The analysis of data s how e d differences between the types of anglers using the three sample sections. The data showed that variables such as preferred angling method, preferred water type, number of fishing trips taken this year, age, importance of keeping fish, and whether an angler emphasizes catching a large number of fish or large fish, can influence anglers ' attitudes toward fisheries management policies. The ungrouped data showed that the anglers sampled preferred: to catch brown or cutthroat trout; fish stocking to be limited to waters which have little or no natural reproduction or production; larger (14 inch) catchable size trout to be stocked even if it means a smaller number of fish will be stocked; the State to emphasize habitat improvement right along with fish stocking in their management plan; and the continuation of the policy to provide a limited amount of 11 Wild trout., regulated waters for angling variety.

PURPOSE: The method for streamflow forecasting by using Fourier Series and Multiple Regression as a mathematical model have been suggested and proved with high accuracy for the streamflow forecasting on Logan River, Utah by Professor Cleve H. Milligan and Dr. Rex L. Hurst. In this thesis the method is extended to the forecasting for the Blacksmith Fork River, south of the Logan River. Because the climatological data are not available in the Blacksmith Fork watershed, this thesis also provides a technique for using the available data from adjacent watersheds. OBJECTIVES: 1. To forecast the streamflow on Blacksmith Fork River, Cache County, Utah by using Fourier Series and Multiple Regression as a mathematical model. 2. To test the consistency of the snow, temperature, precipitation, and streamflow data by statistical methods. 3. To test the significance of the variables considered in the mathematical model.

A correlation between the USU stretch test and the pizza fork test would allow the stretch properties of Mozzarella cheese to be measured objectively. The Utah State University (USU) Stretch Test uses a modified texture-profile analyzer to pull strands of cheese from a melted reservoir, measuring the load exerted on the probe during stretching. Parameters measured by the USU stretch test include Melt Strength (FM), which is the maximum load exerted on the probe, Stretch Load (SL), which is the load exerted on the probe at any specified point following FM, and Stretch Extension (SE), which was defined as the extension of the probe at a selected load. To begin with, it was determined that the greatest repeatability and cheese performance was obtained by tempering 50 g of shredded cheese for 45 min at 65°C and using a three-pronged hook with a diameter of 25 mm as the probe. These conditions were then applied in a correlation study in which a low correlation was seen between the USU stretch test and the pizza fork test, with the greatest correlation being seen with FM (R2 = 0.22). A more extensive look at the effect of the tempering temperature used in the USU stretch test on the degree of correlation between the two tests was conducted by tempering cheeses at 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 °C. In this experiment, the highest correlation between the two tests was seen at both 80 and 85°C. Values of R2 at 80°C for SL10-15 and SEF (Stretch Extension at FM) were 0.75 and 0.70, respectively. At 85°C, the highest degree of correlation was seen at SL10-15 (R2 = 0.72) and SE0.1 (R2 = 0.69). A multiple linear correlation study was also conducted. A high degree of correlation between the USU stretch test and the pizza fork test was seen at 80°C when two parameters were used (SEF and SL22, R2 = 0.85, Adj. R2 = 0.80) and when four parameters were used (FM, slope from 10 to 20 em, SE0.1, and SL22, R2 = 0.97, Adj. R2 = 0.93). A set of cheese was then analyzed by the USU stretch test and the pizza fork test at three different intervals of aging (21 , 40, and 60 days after manufacture). This data was combined with previously collected data to show that the USU stretch test can be used to characterize the functional properties of a cheese using the parameters of FM, SEF, as well as SE0.1. It was concluded that the USU stretch test can provide a better characterization of a pizza cheese than can the pizza fork test. Whereas the pizza fork test is only able to record the distance that the cheese can stretch, the USU stretch test is capable of measuring a variety of parameters, which provides not only an indication of how far the cheese will stretch, but also other important functional properties related to the cheese, such as viscosity, elasticity, and the thickness of the strands being stretched.

In October 2012, then-Mayor Kevin Johnson, surrounded by the region’s chefs, restaurateurs, and others working in the food arena, proclaimed the City of Sacramento “America’s Farm-to-Fork Capital.” The basis for the designation, in part, was Sacramento’s geographic proximity to agricultural production. With more than 50 farmers markets and between 7,000 – 8,000 acres of “boutique farms” in the region, the Mayor stated the designation would be more than “simply a marketing campaign.” Based on interviews with a wide variety of people working in “local food” (including a non-profit organization with a mission to get kids to eat their vegetables, large corporations, and small businesses) this thesis will explore the concept of local food in Sacramento, the Farm-to-Fork movement and what it has meant for the region. With an annual festival that has seen increased attendance in each of its five years, from an estimated 50,000 people the first year, to 75,000 people in 2016, the designation branded Sacramento as a food destination city bringing visitors and their dollars as intended. Beyond a well-attended festival, what has the history behind the title of America’s Farm-to-Fork Capital meant to the local food system and how has it impacted local farmers, chefs, restaurateurs and those whose livelihoods are closely tied to food?

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18588号 / 工博第3949号 / 新制||工||1607(附属図書館) / 31488 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 田畑 修, 教授 西脇 眞二, 准教授 土屋 智由, 教授 引原 隆士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Detta kandidatexamensarbete syftar till att finna felmoder på Scanias kopplingssystem för framtida självkörande lastbilar. Detta görs genom att fokusera på ECA (Electronic Clutch Actuator), hävarm och lager. FMEA är en riskanalys som används för att kartlägga felmoder, felorsaker och deras feleffekter. Med en 10-gradig skala görs en bedömning med avseende på tre parametrar: felsannolikhet, allvarlighetsgrad och upptäckbarhet. Ett riskprioteringstal, RPN, fås genom att multiplicera dessa. Metoder som vi använt i vår studie är ett studiebesök på SCANIA, litteraturstudier och FEM-analys av hävarmen. De sex vanligaste felmoder som identifierats för lagret är utmattning, nötning (adhesiv och abrasiv), korrosion, plastisk deformation, elektrisk korrosion och sprickbildning/brott. De vanligaste orsakerna till lagerfel kan klassificeras till områdena smörjning, montering, hantering, design och driftförhållanden. Där innefattas bl.a. främmande partiklar (smuts, nötningspartiklar), monteringsfel, linjeringsfel, otillräcklig smörjning och överbelastning. All hantering av lager är viktig då lagerfel är en kombination av flera orsaker. Enligt experter är hävarmen välkonstruerad med hög säkerhetsfaktor. Den största orsaken till fel är på grund av intilliggande komponenter som exempelvis lager och ECA. Hög temperatur ökar spänningar och deformationer väsentligt. Bristande smörjmedel i lagren vid hävarmen har identifieras som en huvudorsak till funktionsfel. Enligt experterna från reparationsverkstaden fungerar ECA enheten smidigt med väldigt lågt fel sannolikhet. / This bachelor thesis aims at finding the failure modes at Scania's clutch system for future selfdriving trucks. The examined components are the ECA (Electronic Clutch Actuator), the fork and the release bearings. The FMEA- tool was used for the mapping the failure modes, their causes and effects. This assessment is made using a 10-grade scale with respect to three parameters: occurrence, degree of severity and detectability. A risk priority number RPN, is calculated by multiplying the aforementioned numbers. The methods that we used are a study trip to SCANIA's facilities, the relevant literature on the subject, and the FEM-analyses of the fork. The six most frequent failure modes identified at the release bearing are (fatigue), wear (adhesive and abrasive), corrosion, plastic deformation, electrically induced corrosion and fractures/crack formation. The most common causes for release bearing failures are classified into smearing, assembly, handling, design and runtime circumstances. They include among others exogenous particles (dirt, wear particles), assembly errors, misalignment, insufficient (grease) and excessive loads. All handling of the release bearings is important because release bearing errors have several causes. According to experts, the clutch fork is well-designd with a high safety factor. The most common failure mode causes are a result of interactions with neighbouring components e.g. release bearing and ECA. High temperatures increase the stresses and the deformation of the components substantially. Insufficient amount of lubricant in the release bearing is identified as the main reason of failure. According to experts from the repair workshop, the ECA unit works smoothly and with a low probability of error.

This work deals with a fork bending oscillation phenomenon observed during hard braking on bicycles. The observed oscillation is described with experimental data and an attempt is made to understand the underlying root cause. Therefore, a multibody model consisting of the front wheel and the fork is employed to simulate a braking maneuver. The self-oscillation is replicated in simulation and implications on the brake process are derived from it. Fork and tire oscillations on bicycles are rarely described in scientific literature. An oscillation due to tire resonance on high-speed motorcycles was described by Cossalter [1]. However, the mentioned speed dependence is not found in the present case under investigation. Klug et al. [2] were the first to report an oscillation of the fork inclination angle during braking. They noticed oscillations in the front wheel speed signals measured with a speed encoder mounted on the fork. Measurements of accelerometers and gyroscopes placed on the fork near the hub showed these oscillations on the forks inclination angular rate and vertical acceleration as well. This makes the phenomenon relevant for suspension and braking control. They also described the distorting effect of fork bending on the wheel speed signal and the wheel slip calculation derived from it. This work tries to identify a root cause of the fork bending oscillation and investigates its influence on the stopping performance.

The main purpose of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) is to achieve a water quality standard. The economic costs of reducing nutrient loadings are often not taken into account during development. In this study, sector targeting is used to minimize the total cost of nutrient reduction by targeting sectors with lower costs per unit of pollution reduction. This study focuses on targeting nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading reductions from three sectors: agricultural, point source, and urban non-point source, in the North Fork watershed. Linear programming optimization models were created to determine an optimal solution that minimized total compliance cost to implement BMPs subject to targeted loading reductions in N and P in the watershed. The optimal solution for each sector using uniform allocation and sector targeting were compared for N and P loading reductions separately and N and P reductions simultaneously. The difference between sector targeting and uniform allocation showed the sector targeting was the more cost effective approach to achieve the desired nutrient reduction compared to uniform allocation. From the agricultural sector, cropland and hayland buffers provided the best options for reducing both N and P. Urban BMPs are least efficient in term of nutrient reduction and cost. Similarly, for point source upgrade, Broadway has the lowest cost of upgrade per unit of N or P reduction. This study implies that both stakeholders and policymakers can use targeting to achieve nutrient reduction goals at lower costs. The policymakers can incorporate economic considerations in the TMDL planning process which can help in developing a cost-effective tributary strategy and cost-share program. / Master of Science

<p> A proposal is made to extend the present capabilities of gun-launched rocket vehicles to include attitude control during flight. The problems involved are stated and design criteria for possible sensors are listed. A review of presently available sensing devices is made and rejection of unsuitable instruments is based on fundamentals of their design and operation. </p> <p> A report is made upon the sensors which most adequately fulfil the harsh environmental requirements of gun-launch. These sensors are infrared-horizon sensors and a tuning fork vibratory gyroscope. A preliminary design is given for the tuning fork gyroscope a well as a summary of fundamental design considerations. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)