<p> A survey of the main features and characteristics of text editors and formatters is given. An implementation of a text editing and formatting system is discussed. The Text Editor and Formatter (TEF) was designed to be easy to learn and use and to allow extensions of the present version with little modification to the existing system. TEF is a content (or context) oriented editing system with line organization and text formatting capabilities. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / A system to generate a contiguous high speed time division multiplexed (TDM) spacecraft downlink data stream has been developed. The 25 MBPS downlink data stream contains high rate real time imager data, intermediate rate subsystem processor data, and low rate spacecraft housekeeping data. Imager data is transferred directly into the appropriate TDM downlink data window using control signals and clocks generated in the central data formatter and distributed to the data sources. Cable and electronics delays inherent in this process can amount to several clock periods, while the uncertainty and variations in those delays (e.g. temperature effects) can exceed the clock period. Unique (patent pending) electronic circuitry has been included in the data formatter to sense the total data gathering delay for each high speed data source and use the results to control series programmable delay elements to equalize the delays from all sources and permit the formation of a contiguous output data stream.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Advancing technology continually generates larger quantities of data at increasingly high transfer rates which fuels the need for instrumentation to take up the challenge of efficiently managing the collection of data. This defines the driving force behind the desire for increased channel capacity of PCM data formatters. By incorporating state-of-the-art Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology coupled with high-performance Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), Inter-Coastal Electronics has designed the IF-810, a PCM data formatter. The IF-810 allows eight channels of PCM data, one voice channel and an InterRange Instrumentation Group (IRIG)-B channel to be combined and formatted for recording onto the TEAC RX-800 series recorders using a Hi8 8mm video cassette as the recording media. During playback, the IF-810 clocks the PCM data out using a reconstructed version of the input clock. With this unique design, the PCM data and clock outputs are input directly to a decommutator which eliminates the need for costly bit-synchronizers. This paper discusses the integration of the DSP, FPGA and buffering techniques into a low-cost and efficient multi-channel PCM data formatter that accommodates high data rate inputs, all without the need of a bit-synchronizer for decommutation.

As people read more and longer texts on the web, the simple formatting options that exists in todays browsers creates worse results than necessary. On behalf of Opera Software in Linköping, a better algorithm has been implemented in Javascript with the purpose of delivering a visually better experience for the reader. The implementation is first and foremost for mobile devices and therefore a large part of the thesis has been the evaluation and optimization of performance.

[pt] A construção de sistemas hipermídia/multimídia requer a implementação de um elemento responsável por receber a especificação de um hiperdocumento (sua estrutura, seus relacionamentos e a descrição da forma de exibição desejada) e concretizá-la na apresentação propriamente dita, sendo esse módulo de controle de execução comumente denominado formatador hipermídia. O objetivo desta tese é discutir os aspectos referentes ao projeto e desenvolvimento de formatadores hipermídia, propondo um modelo de execução de hiperdocumentos e uma estrutura genérica (framework) capaz de ser reutilizada na implementação de sistemas hipermídia. Em particular, o trabalho aborda as questões referentes à adaptação dos documentos antes e durante as suas apresentações, às estratégias de antecipação das ações de exibição (mecanismos de pré-busca), aos mecanismos de integração com os exibidores de mídia e aos mecanismos de integração com a infra-estrutura de exibição (em especial, sistema operacional e rede). A proposta apresentada segue uma especificação orientada a objetos, definindo uma arquitetura para sincronização temporal e espacial na exibição de hiperdocumentos, que pode ser utilizada também em outros domínios de aplicação que necessitem de sincronização em tempo real. / [en] The development of hypermedia/multimedia systems requires the implementation of an element responsible for receiving the specification of a hyperdocument (structure, relations and presentation descriptions) and controlling the presentation. This execution control module is commonly known as hypermedia formatter. The goal of this thesis is to discuss the aspects related to the design and implementation of hypermedia formatters, proposing a hyperdocument execution model and a framework to be reused in the implementation of hypermedia systems. In particular, this work deals with document adaptation issues, both before document presentation and on-the-fly, prefetching mechanisms, integration with presentation tools, and integration with the infrastructure (in special, operating system and network). The proposal presented follows an object-oriented specification approach, defining an architecture for temporal and spatial synchronization in hyperdocument presentations. The proposal can also be used in other application domains that need real-time synchronization.

[pt] Ajuste elástico é a técnica de modificar a duração de exibição de um objeto de mídia. Este trabalho propõe algoritmos de ajuste elástico que funcionam em tempo de exibição para fluxos de áudio comprimidos, com aplicabilidade principal em cenários onde não existe interferência do usuário como, por exemplo, a manutenção da consistência temporal de um documento hipermídia. Os algoritmos de ajuste de áudio são propostos, desenvolvidos e integrados a algoritmos de ajuste de vídeo. Além disso, um algoritmo de resincronização é proposto, e implementado, para preservar o sincronismo intermídia durante a realização de ajuste em fluxos de sistemas MPEG-2. A união dos algoritmos implementados com o desenvolvimento da integração a exibidores de conteúdo deu origem à ferramenta de ajuste, capaz de ser facilmente utilizada por aplicações que precisam solicitar ajuste elástico em fluxos de mídia comprimidos. Como exemplo, a ferramenta de ajuste foi integrada a ferramentas de exibição de um formatador hipermídia. Os algoritmos propostos podem ajustar a duração de áudio em até 10% mantendo a qualidade da percepção do áudio dentro de limites aceitáveis, conforme demonstrado através de medidas de qualidade que também são apresentadas neste trabalho. / [en] Timescale is a technique used to modify media-object playing duration. This work proposes timescale algorithms, to be performed on-the- fly, for compressed audio streams. The focus is situations where there is no user interference as, for example, the temporal consistency maintenance of a hypermedia document. The algorithms are proposed, developed and integrated to video timescale algorithms. Furthermore, a resynchronization algorithm is also proposed, and implemented, in order to maintain inter-media synchronization in MPEG-2 system streams. The timescale tool is composed by the aforementioned algorithms and their integration to content rendering tools. The proposed solution can be easily used in applications that need timescale compressed media streams. As an example, the adjustment tool was integrated to a hypermedia formatter. The proposed algorithms can adjust audio durations up to 10%, maintaining the audio perceptual quality within acceptable limits, as observed through quality measurements also described in this work.

[pt] A evolução das técnicas de codificação digital, aliada aos esquemas eficientes de modulação para transmissões digitais, tornou possível o advento da TV digital (TVD). Entretanto, obter baixo custo nos terminais de acesso é fator crucial para o sucesso da TVD aberta, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Para que o baixo custo comprometa o mínimo possível dos recursos dos terminais de acesso, é interessante que eles estejam isentos de custos adicionais como, por exemplo, software, propriedade intelectual e royalties. Um dos principais pontos para tornar isso possível concentra- se na escolha do middleware (que faz uso de mecanismos definidos por protocolos de comunicação, sistema operacional e suas bibliotecas) para suporte às aplicações. A maioria dos middlewares declarativos existentes privilegiam a interatividade em detrimento da sincronização. Entretanto, na maioria das vezes as aplicações de TVD devem lidar com a sincronização de objetos de diferentes tipos de mídia, além dos objetos de vídeo e áudio que compõem o fluxo principal. Assim, o sincronismo de mídias deve ser o foco da linguagem declarativa a ser utilizada pelo middleware, tratando a interatividade como um caso particular do sincronismo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor um middleware declarativo para sistemas de TVD interativa com foco no sincronismo de mídias. Na implementação do middleware proposto, a arquitetura modular do Formatador HyperProp, que serviu como base dessa implementação, foi reestruturada em um perfil simples, direcionado à TVD, e reimplementada na Linguagem C++. Todos os exibidores de mídia desenvolvidos atendem aos requisitos dos terminais de acesso de baixo custo. / [en] The evolution of digital modulation techniques and the efficient schemes for digital transmissions have allowed the advent of the digital TV. Conceiving low cost receivers is one of the main challenges to broaden digital TV use, mainly in non-developed countries. As a consequence, low cost requirements should not burden receiver resources that should try to reduce their costs in items such as software copyright and royalties. In this scenario, the middleware (which use mechanisms defined by the communication protocols, the operational system and its libraries) conception plays an important role. A great number of declarative middlewares focuses on user interaction instead of synchronization, in its broad sense. However, the majority of digital TV applications deals with different types of media-object synchronization, beyond the audio and video that compose the main stream. Thus, the declarative middleware language focus should be placed on synchronism, having user interaction as a special synchronization case. This is the goal of this work. The middleware implementation presented in this work is based on the modular architecture of the HyperProp Formatter, whose architecture was reorganized in a simple profile for digital TV systems. The implementation was carried out using C++ language, and all media players were developed to run in low cost receivers.

This Bachelor´s Thesis concerns 20 points at the MDA-program (People, Computers and Work) at Blekinge Institute of Technology in Ronneby. The MDA-program focuses on how people use Information Technology and its design and development. In this Bachelor?s Thesis we describe a study process at the Billing Gateway Department at Ericsson Software Technology in Ronneby in which we investigate how to design for destined users without direct contact with them. Our aim of the study was to evaluate and bring out a design suggestion of a graphical representation of the filters and formatters for the end-users. With only second hand information about them we found the task to be impossible to accomplish. Instead this Bachelor?s Thesis is an investigation of how a design process is developed without direct contact with the end-users. The results are based on second hand information about the needs of the end-users. We give Ericsson suggestions of how to involve the end-users in the design process. ----------------------- Tiina Martinson Johanna Åkesson